This is a list of cities in the world by gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions. ^[4] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. Click on the headers to reorganize columns.

List

Rank	City proper/ metropolitan area	Country/region	Official est. GDP up to date (billion US$)	Metropolitan population
300+	A Coruña metropolitan area	Spain	28.819 (2020) [5]	1,121,815 (2020) [6]
300+	Aachen	Germany	24.296 (2020) [5]	249,070 (2021) [7]
300+	Aalborg	Denmark	31.855 (2021) [5]	219,487 (2021) [8]
239	Aarhus	Denmark	54.927 (2021) [5]	352,751 (2021) [9]
300+	Abbotsford, British Columbia	Canada	6.239 (2020) [10]	203,907 (2020) [11]
300+	Aberdeen, Scotland	United Kingdom	23.0 (2020) [12]	489,840 (2020) [13]
300+	Abidjan	Ivory Coast	27 (2017) [14]	5,600,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Abilene, TX MSA	United States	9.469 (2022) [16]	179,308 (2022) [17]
102	Abu Dhabi metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	151.073 (2022) [18]	1,660,000 (2022) [19]
201	Adelaide	Australia	64.461 (2018–19) [20]	1,344,368 (2018–19) [21]
171	Ahmedabad	India	80 (2023) [22]	9,300,000 (2023) [23]
108	Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis	France	135.038 (2021) [5]	1,911,657 (2021) [24]
288	Akron, OH MSA	United States	44.562 (2022) [16]	697,627 (2022) [17]
300+	Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA	United States	6.108 (2022) [16]	130,467 (2022) [17]
170	Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA	United States	80.303 (2022) [16]	904,617 (2022) [17]
300+	Albany, GA MSA	United States	7.312 (2022) [16]	145,786 (2022) [17]
247	Albuquerque, NM MSA	United States	53.862 (2022) [16]	919,543 (2022) [17]
300+	Alexandria	Egypt	36.000 (2021) [25]	5,950,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Alexandria, LA MSA	United States	7.460 (2022) [16]	149,189 (2022) [17]
300+	Alicante metropolitan area	Spain	38.851 (2020) [5]	1,915,282 (2020) [27]
242	Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA	United States	54.323 (2022) [16]	871,229 (2022) [17]
300+	Almaty	Kazakhstan	41.485 (2022) [28]	2,250,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Altoona, PA MSA	United States	7.238 (2022) [16]	121,032 (2022) [17]
300+	Alxa League	China	4.419 (2020) [29] [30]	262,361 (2020) [31]
300+	Amarillo, TX MSA	United States	17.376 (2022) [16]	271,171 (2022) [17]
300+	Ames, IA MSA	United States	8.104 (2021) [16]	125,767 (2021) [32]
300+	Amiens	France	19.418 (2021) [5]	304,331 (2021) [33]
56	Amsterdam metropolitan area	Netherlands	237.841 (2022) [5]	2,890,428 (2020) [34]
300+	Anápolis	Brazil	6.740 (2011) [35]	334,623 (2010) [36]
300+	Anchorage, AK MSA	United States	31.570 (2022) [16]	400,470 (2022) [17]
300+	Angers Loire Métropole	France	29.379 (2021) [5]	394,256 (2021) [37]
181	Ankara	Turkey	74.83 (2021) [38]	5,150,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Ann Arbor, MI MSA	United States	30.556 (2022) [16]	366,376 (2022) [17]
300+	Annecy	France	29.98 (2021) [5]	183,697 (2021) [39]
300+	Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA	United States	5.466 (2022) [16]	115,788 (2022) [17]
169	Anshan	China	80.968 (2020) [40]	3,325,372 (2020) [41]
193	Antwerp metropolitan area	Belgium	66.063 (2021) [5]	1,230,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area	United States	16.977 (2022) [16]	244,845 (2022) [17]
300+	Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area	Netherlands	34.621 (2021) [5]	774,506 (2022) [42]
300+	Asheville, NC MSA	United States	26.228 (2022) [16]	476,072 (2022) [17]
300+	Astana	Kazakhstan	23.115 (2022) [28]	1,350,228 (2022) [43]
300+	Asturias metropolitan area	Spain	27.152 (2022) [44] [45]	1,009,088 (2022) [46]
160	Athens Metropolitan Area	Greece	85.809 (2020) [5]	3,526,887 (2020) [34]
300+	Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA	United States	12.628 (2022) [16]	220,405 (2022) [17]
17	Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA MSA	United States	525.888 (2022) [16]	6,222,106 (2022) [17]
300+	Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA	United States	16.851 (2022) [16]	275,638 (2022) [17]
300+	Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA	United States	8.256 (2022) [16]	180,773 (2022) [17]
168	Auckland	New Zealand	81.227 (2022) [47]	1,470,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA	United States	34.185 (2022) [16]	624,083 (2022) [17]
62	Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown, TX MSA	United States	222.054 (2022) [16]	2,421,115 (2022) [17]
228	Bakersfield, CA MSA	United States	57.541 (2022) [16]	916,108 (2022) [17]
300+	Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan	Indonesia	29.901 (2021) [48]	2,621,877 (2021) [48]
300+	Ballarat	Australia	4.460 (2018–19) [20]	108,491 (2018–19) [49]
54	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA	United States	241.399 (2022) [16]	2,835,672 (2022) [17]
300+	Bandung Metropolitan	Indonesia	38.290 (2021) [50]	8,790,308 (2021) [50]
52	Bangkok Metropolitan Region	Thailand	252.128 (2022) [51]	19,900,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Bangor, ME MSA	United States	8.551 (2022) [16]	153,704 (2022) [17]
300+	Banjarmasin Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.017 (2021) [52]	2,164,485 (2021) [52]
300+	Baotou	China	40.412 (2020) [29] [30]	2,709,378 (2020) [31]
80	Barcelona metropolitan area	Spain	182.524 (2020) [5]	5,105,991 (2020) [34]
300+	Barnstable Town, MA MSA	United States	16.351 (2022) [16]	232,457 (2022) [17]
300+	Barrie	Canada	6.453 (2020) [10]	218,377 (2020) [11]
300+	Batam Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.006 (2021) [53]	1,885,481 (2021) [53]
208	Baton Rouge, LA MSA	United States	62.951 (2022) [16]	873,060 (2022) [17]
300+	Battle Creek, MI MSA	United States	7.728 (2022) [16]	133,289 (2022) [17]
300+	Bay City, MI MSA	United States	4.592 (2022) [16]	102,821 (2022) [17]
300+	Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA	United States	29.007 (2022) [16]	393,575 (2022) [17]
300+	Beckley, WV MSA	United States	5.187 (2021) [16]	113,724 (2021) [54]
300+	Belfast	United Kingdom	25.5 (2015) [55]	671,559 (2011) [56]
300+	Belgrade	Serbia	25.31 (2021) [57]	1,430,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Belleville, Ontario	Canada	3.814 (2020) [10]	113,045 (2020) [11]
300+	Bellingham, WA MSA	United States	19.595 (2022) [16]	230,677 (2022) [17]
238	Belo Horizonte	Brazil	54.996 (2011) [35]	4,744,599 (2010) [58]
300+	Bend, OR MSA	United States	13.878 (2022) [16]	206,549 (2022) [17]
300+	Bendigo	Australia	3.961 (2018–19) [20]	99,416 (2018–19) [59]
134	Bengaluru	India	110 (2022) [60]	13,200,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Bergamo metropolitan area	Italy	40.539 (2020) [5]	1,102,286 (2020) [61]
47	Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	271.818 (2021) [62]	4,679,500 (2021) [63]
300+	Bhopal	India	5.35 (2023) [64]	2,600,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Bielefeld	Germany	16.19 (2020) [5]	591,862 (2021) [65]
300+	Bielsko-Biała	Poland	10.147 (2020) [5]	169,756 (2020)Source: Polska w liczbach web site
300+	Bilbao metropolitan area	Spain	37.568 (2020) [5]	1,014,366 (2020) [34]
300+	Billings, MT MSA	United States	13.208 (2022) [16]	190,208 (2022) [17]
300+	Binghamton, NY MSA	United States	12.659 (2022) [16]	244,889 (2022) [17]
300+	Birmingham	United Kingdom	39.1 (2020)	3,150,000 (2020) [15]
172	Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA	United States	79.098 (2022) [16]	1,116,857 (2022) [17]
300+	Bismarck, ND MSA	United States	8.881 (2022) [16]	134,846 (2022) [17]
300+	Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA	United States	9.060 (2022) [16]	165,812 (2022) [17]
300+	Bloomington, IL MSA	United States	14.431 (2022) [16]	171,141 (2022) [17]
300+	Bloomington, IN MSA	United States	9.085 (2022) [16]	161,227 (2022) [17]
300+	Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA	United States	5.205 (2022) [16]	83,017 (2022) [17]
300+	Bocholt metropolitan area	Germany	16.488 (2020) [5]	71,074 (2021) [66]
259	Boise, ID MSA	United States	49.947 (2022) [16]	811,336 (2022) [17]
282	Bologna metropolitan area	Italy	45.648 (2020) [5]	1,017,225 (2020)
185	Bordeaux	France	73.813 (2021) [5]	1,100,000 (2021) [26]
16	Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA	United States	571.667 (2022) [16]	4,900,550 (2022) [17]
300+	Boulder, CO MSA	United States	35.608 (2022) [16]	327,468 (2022) [17]
300+	Bowling Green, KY MSA	United States	9.794 (2022) [16]	185,682 (2022) [17]
300+	Brantford	Canada	4.58 (2020) [10]	151,620 (2020) [11]
198	Brasília	Brazil	65.338 (2015)( 8th)	3,548,438 (2017) [67]
300+	Brașov	Romania	8.472 (2020) [5]	371,802 (2021) [68]
300+	Bratislava metropolitan area	Slovakia	33.072 (2021) [5]	719,537 (2021) [69]
300+	Breda	Netherlands	33.23 (2020) [5]	324,812 (2014) [70]
231	Bremen	Germany	56.517 (2020) [5]	1,274,429 (2020) [34]
300+	Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA	United States	15.477 (2022) [16]	277,673 (2022) [17]
278	Brescia metropolitan area	Italy	46.603 (2020) [5]	1,250,527 (2020) [61]
300+	Brest Métropole	France	32.956 (2021) [5]	381,226 (2021) [71]
140	Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT MSA	United States	104.368 (2022) [16]	962,946 (2022) [17]
86	Brisbane	Australia	177 (2018–19) [20]	2,388,038 (2018–19) [72]
300+	Bristol	United Kingdom	22.3 (2020) [55]	465,866 (2020) [73]
300+	Brno	Czech Republic	30.963 (2021) [5]	398,510 (2021) [74]
300+	Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA	United States	14.259 (2022) [16]	425,208 (2022) [17]
300+	Brunswick, GA MSA	United States	5.933 (2022) [16]	114,442 (2022) [17]
57	Brussels metropolitan area	Belgium	237.08 (2022) [5]	2,784,967 (2021) [75]
174	Bucharest Metropolitan Area	Romania	78.052 (2021) [76]	2,200,000 (2021) [26]
158	Budapest metropolitan area	Hungary	86.93 (2021) [5]	2,625,000 (2021) [26]
165	Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA	United States	84.673 (2022) [16]	1,161,192 (2022) [17]
300+	Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA	United States	17.478 (2022) [16]	227,521 (2022) [17]
300+	Burlington, NC MSA	United States	7.889 (2022) [16]	176,353 (2022) [17]
300+	Bursa	Turkey	33.641 (2021) [77]	3,101,833 (2021) [19]
51	Busan-Gyeongnam Area	South Korea	252.145 (2022) [51]	7,038,129 (2022) [19]
300+	Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area	Poland	12.417 (2020) [5]	752,655 (2019) [78]
300+	Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area	Spain	22.971 (2020) [5]	639,560 (2022) INE
300+	Caen	France	25.054 (2021) [5]	395,885 (2021) [79]
300+	Cairns	Australia	10.709 (2018–19) [20]	153,951 (2019) [80]
177	Calgary Metropolitan Region	Canada	76.548 (2020) [10]	1,542,956 (2020) [11]
300+	California-Lexington Park, MD MSA	United States	8.849 (2022) [16]	114,877 (2022) [17]
300+	Campinas	Brazil	40.525 (2011) [35]	1,874,487 (2011) [19]
300+	Campo Grande	Brazil	9.59 (2013) [81]	786,797 (2010) [82]
300+	Campos dos Goytacazes	Brazil	5.358 (2016) [83]	511,168 (2020) [84]
300+	Canberra	Australia	30.909 (2018–19) [20]	465,118 (2018–19) [85]
300+	Canton-Massillon, OH MSA	United States	22.880 (2022) [16]	399,316 (2022) [17]
287	Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA	United States	44.629 (2022) [16]	822,453 (2022) [17]
300+	Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA	United States	5.282 (2022) [16]	98,275 (2022) [17]
232	Cape Town	South Africa	56.300 (2022) [86]	4,375,000 (2022) [19]
187	Caracas	Venezuela	70 (2012) [87]	1,942,652 (2011) [88]
300+	Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA	United States	6.801 (2022) [16]	132,693 (2022) [17]
262	Cardiff- Newport	United Kingdom	49.5 (2020) [55]	1,552,527 (2020) [73]
300+	Carson City, NV MSA	United States	4.285 (2022) [16]	58,130 (2022) [17]
276	Casablanca	Morocco	47.000 (2022) [89]	4,625,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Casper, WY MSA	United States	6.273 (2022) [16]	79,601 (2022) [17]
300+	Cedar Rapids, IA MSA	United States	22.009 (2022) [16]	275,592 (2022) [17]
135	Central German Metropolitan Region	Germany	109.582 (2020) [62]	2,411,051 (2020) [90]
300+	Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA	United States	7.457 (2022) [16]	156,902 (2022) [17]
300+	Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA	United States	14.328 (2022) [16]	223,265 (2022) [17]
300+	Chandigarh	India	6 (2023)| GDP_rank = 25th	2,575,000 (2023) [23]
146	Changchun	China	96.240 (2020) [29] [91]	9,066,906 (2020) [92]
241	Changde	China	54.355 (2020) [29]	5,279,102 (2020) [93]
300+	Changji Prefecture	China	20.113 (2020) [29] [94]	1,613,585 (2020) [95]
66	Changsha	China	208 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	10,420,600 (2022) [99]
300+	Charleroi	Belgium	16.93 (2021) [5]	396,820 (2021) [100]
230	Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA	United States	56.933 (2022) [16]	830,529 (2022) [17]
300+	Charleston, WV MSA	United States	14.891 (2022) [16]	251,914 (2022) [17]
61	Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA	United States	228.913 (2022) [16]	2,756,069 (2022) [17]
300+	Charlottesville, VA MSA	United States	17.190 (2022) [16]	223,825 (2022) [17]
300+	Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA	United States	40.042 (2022) [16]	574,507 (2022) [17]
50	Chengdu	China	260.409 (2023)	16,600,000 (2023) [23]
113	Chennai	India	128.3 (2023) [101]	12,200,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Cheyenne, WY MSA	United States	7.545 (2022) [16]	100,723 (2022) [17]
4	Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI CSA	United States	992.478 (2022) [16]	9,806,184 (2022) [17]
300+	Chico, CA MSA	United States	11.077 (2022) [16]	207,303 (2022) [17]
300+	Chittagong	Bangladesh	25.5 (2019) [102]	4,925,000 (2020) [15]
25	Chongqing	China	407.562 (2022) [103]	10,100,000 (2022) [104]
289	Chuzhou	China	43.960 (2020) [29]	3,937,868 (2020) [105]
76	Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA	United States	186.141 (2022) [16]	2,265,051 (2022) [17]
300+	Clarksville, TN-KY MSA	United States	16.209 (2022) [16]	336,605 (2022) [17]
300+	Clermont-Ferrand	France	26.492 (2021) [5]	362,578 (2021) [106]
97	Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA	United States	162.788 (2022) [16]	2,063,132 (2022) [17]
300+	Cleveland, TN MSA	United States	6.296 (2022) [16]	128,479 (2022) [17]
300+	Cluj-Napoca	Romania	13.155 (2020) [5]	286,598 (2021) [107]
300+	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0.011 (2010) [108]	561 (2011) [109]
300+	Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA	United States	9.609 (2022) [16]	183,578 (2022) [17]
300+	Coimbatore	India	42 (2021)	2,775,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Coimbra	Portugal	9.837 (2021) [5]	140,796 (2021) [110]
300+	College Station-Bryan, TX MSA	United States	18.181 (2022) [16]	277,824 (2022) [17]
271	Colorado Springs, CO MSA	United States	47.905 (2022) [16]	765,424 (2022) [17]
300+	Columbia, MO MSA	United States	12.514 (2022) [16]	214,630 (2022) [17]
245	Columbia, SC MSA	United States	54.072 (2022) [16]	847,686 (2022) [17]
300+	Columbus, GA-AL MSA	United States	17.038 (2022) [16]	324,110 (2022) [17]
300+	Columbus, IN MSA	United States	7.979 (2022) [16]	83,540 (2022) [17]
94	Columbus, OH MSA	United States	169.123 (2022) [16]	2,161,511 (2022) [17]
300+	Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole	France	23.471 (2021) [5]	564,024 (2021) [111]
300+	Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées	France	26.427 (2021) [5]	311,949 (2021) [112]
300+	Constanța	Romania	9.159 (2020) [5]	263,688 (2021) [113]
83	Copenhagen metropolitan area	Denmark	179.846 (2021) [5]	1,857,783 (2021) [114]
300+	Córdoba metropolitan area	Spain	14.929 (2020) [5]	326,039 (2020) [115]
300+	Corpus Christi, TX MSA	United States	28.228 (2022) [16]	421,628 (2022) [17]
300+	Corvallis, OR MSA	United States	5.443 (2022) [16]	97,630 (2022) [17]
300+	Coventry	United Kingdom	13.9 (2020) [116] [45]	379,387 (2020) [117]
300+	Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA	United States	21.491 (2022) [16]	299,786 (2022) [17]
300+	Cumberland, MD-WV MSA	United States	4.342 (2022) [16]	94,122 (2022) [17]
225	Curitiba	Brazil	58.082 (2011) [35]	3,054,076 (2010) [118]
256	Daegu	South Korea	50.400 (2022) [119]	2,750,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Daejeon	South Korea	40.000 (2022) [119]	1,540,000 (2022) [19]
117	Dalian	China	125 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	5,050,000 (2022) [19]
9	Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA	United States	826.713 (2022) [16]	7,943,685 (2022) [17]
300+	Dalton, GA MSA	United States	8.726 (2022) [16]	143,604 (2022) [17]
300+	Danville, IL MSA	United States	3.946 (2022) [16]	72,337 (2022) [17]
300+	Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA	United States	10.811 (2022) [16]	246,435 (2022) [17]
300+	Daqing	China	33.362 (2020) [29] [120]	2,781,562 (2020) [121]
300+	Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	10.4 (2019) [122]	6,450,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA	United States	25.774 (2022) [16]	379,374 (2022) [17]
300+	Dayton, OH MSA	United States	41.111 (2022) [16]	812,595 (2022) [17]
300+	Decatur, AL MSA	United States	8.038 (2022) [16]	157,425 (2022) [17]
300+	Decatur, IL MSA	United States	8.181 (2022) [16]	101,483 (2022) [17]
300+	Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA	United States	28.134 (2022) [16]	705,897 (2022) [17]
300+	Denpasar Metropolitan	Indonesia	9.941 (2021) [123]	2,260,667 (2021) [123]
39	Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA	United States	288.800 (2022) [16]	2,985,871 (2022) [17]
190	Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA	United States	67.334 (2022) [16]	729,053 (2022) [17]
36	Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area	United States	305.412 (2022) [16]	4,345,761 (2022) [17]
300+	Deyang	China	34.855 (2020) [29] [124]	3,456,161 (2020) [125]
300+	Dijon Métropole	France	23.472 (2021) [5]	368,440 (2021) [126]
297	Dongying	China	43.222 (2020) [29] [127]	2,193,518 (2020) [128]
300+	Dothan, AL MSA	United States	8.410 (2022) [16]	152,517 (2022) [17]
300+	Dover, DE MSA	United States	9.920 (2022) [16]	186,946 (2022) [17]
255	Dresden	Germany	50.788 (2020) [5]	1,343,747 (2020) [34]
69	Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	202.800 (2022) [129]	4,264,316 (2022) [19]
300+	Dubuque, IA MSA	United States	8.184 (2022) [16]	98,677 (2022) [17]
300+	Duluth, MN-WI MSA	United States	16.822 (2022) [16]	291,323 (2022) [17]
200	Durban	South Africa	64.700 (2022) [86]	3,525,000 (2022) [19]
205	Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA	United States	63.950 (2022) [16]	664,310 (2022) [17]
300+	East Stroudsburg, PA MSA	United States	10.009 (2022) [16]	167,198 (2022) [17]
300+	Eau Claire, WI MSA	United States	10.839 (2022) [16]	173,644 (2022) [17]
300+	Edinburgh	United Kingdom	32.9 (2020) [55]	527,620 (2020) [130]
199	Edmonton Metropolitan Region	Canada	65.23 (2020) [10]	1,467,219 (2020) [11]
269	Eindhoven	Netherlands	48.257 (2020) [5]	300,751 (2020) [131]
300+	El Centro, CA MSA	United States	11.064 (2022) [16]	178,713 (2022) [17]
296	El Paso, TX MSA	United States	43.283 (2022) [16]	872,195 (2022) [17]
300+	Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA	United States	7.500 (2022) [16]	157,026 (2022) [17]
300+	Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA	United States	21.094 (2022) [16]	206,890 (2022) [17]
300+	Elmira, NY MSA	United States	4.337 (2022) [16]	81,426 (2022) [17]
300+	Enid, OK MSA	United States	3.319 (2022) [16]	61,920 (2022) [17]
300+	Enschede	Netherlands	27.337 (2020) [5]	315,807 (2014) [132]
300+	Erfurt	Germany	20.347 (2020) [5]	213,227 (2021) [133]
300+	Erie, PA MSA	United States	13.171 (2022) [16]	267,689 (2022) [17]
300+	Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA	United States	20.913 (2022) [16]	382,353 (2022) [17]
143	European Metropolis of Lille	France	101.806 (2021) [5]	1,300,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Evansville, IN-KY MSA	United States	25.278 (2022) [16]	314,038 (2022) [17]
300+	Ezhou	China	14.574 (2020) [29] [134]	1,079,353 (2020) [135]
300+	Fairbanks, AK MSA	United States	6.804 (2022) [16]	95,356 (2022) [17]
299	Faisalabad	Pakistan	43 (2013) [136]	3,204,704 (2017) [137]
300+	Fangchenggang	China	10.624 (2020) [29] [138]	1,046,068 (2020) [139]
300+	Fargo, ND-MN MSA	United States	18.792 (2022) [16]	258,663 (2022) [17]
300+	Farmington, NM MSA	United States	6.594 (2022) [16]	120,418 (2022) [17]
300+	Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA	United States	37.749 (2022) [16]	576,403 (2022) [17]
300+	Fayetteville, NC MSA	United States	25.960 (2022) [16]	529,318 (2022) [17]
300+	Flagstaff, AZ MSA	United States	9.080 (2022) [16]	144,060 (2022) [17]
300+	Flensburg	Germany	10.839 (2020) [5]	113,800 (2021) [140]
300+	Flint, MI MSA	United States	17.635 (2022) [16]	401,983 (2022) [17]
300+	Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA	United States	6.540 (2022) [16]	153,911 (2022) [17]
300+	Florence, SC MSA	United States	11.807 (2022) [16]	199,119 (2022) [17]
300+	Fond du Lac, WI MSA	United States	6.203 (2022) [16]	103,836 (2022) [17]
300+	Fort Collins, CO MSA	United States	25.923 (2022) [16]	366,778 (2022) [17]
300+	Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA	United States	12.024 (2022) [16]	247,072 (2022) [17]
300+	Fort Wayne, IN MSA	United States	28.565 (2022) [16]	426,076 (2022) [17]
300+	Fort-de-France	France	10.741 (2021) [5]	74,921 (2021) [141]
300+	Fortaleza	Brazil	21.7 (2012) [142]	3,326,820 (2010) [143]
300+	Freiburg im Breisgau	Germany	30.404 (2020) [5]	656,753 (2021)
235	Fresno, CA MSA	United States	55.427 (2022) [16]	1,015,190 (2022) [17]
79	Fukuoka–Kitakyushu	Japan	182.952 (2019) [144]	4,750,000 (2020) [15]
78	Fuzhou	China	183 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	4,450,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Gadsden, AL MSA	United States	3.489 (2022) [16]	103,088 (2022) [17]
300+	Gainesville, FL MSA	United States	19.655 (2022) [16]	348,282 (2022) [17]
300+	Gainesville, GA MSA	United States	15.264 (2022) [16]	212,692 (2022) [17]
300+	Gdansk metropolitan area	Poland	23.448 (2020) [5]	1,098,379 (2021) [145]
300+	Geelong	Australia	8.725 (2018–19) [20]	271,848 (2018–19) [146]
236	Geneva	Switzerland	55.423 (2020) [147]	506,343 (2020) [148]
300+	George Town	Malaysia	27.535 (2022) [149] [150]	2,050,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Gettysburg, PA MSA	United States	4.429 (2022) [16]	106,027 (2022) [17]
300+	Ghent metropolitan area	Belgium	39.015 (2021) [5]	561,524 (2021) [151]
300+	Gibraltar	Gibraltar	3.265 (2022) [152] [153]	32,688 (2022) [154]
300+	Gladstone	Australia	4.464 (2018–19) [20]	45,130 (2018) [155]
189	Glasgow	United Kingdom	67.7 (2020) [55]	1,861,315 (2020) [156]
300+	Glens Falls, NY MSA	United States	8.034 (2022) [16]	126,440 (2022) [17]
300+	Goiânia	Brazil	22.763 (2011) [35]	2,078,438 (2011) [157]
300+	Gold Coast	Australia	26.669 (2018–19) [20]	679,127 (2018) [158]
300+	Goldsboro, NC MSA	United States	6.049 (2022) [16]	117,286 (2022) [17]
139	Gothenburg	Sweden	104.766 (2021) [5]	1,051,345 (2020) [34]
300+	Granada metropolitan area	Spain	18.091 (2020) [5]	495,900 (2020) [159]
300+	Grand Besançon Métropole	France	19.018 (2021) [5]	197,494 (2021) [160]
300+	Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA	United States	6.580 (2022) [16]	103,144 (2022) [17]
300+	Grand Island, NE MSA	United States	5.387 (2022) [16]	76,333 (2022) [17]
300+	Grand Junction, CO MSA	United States	8.218 (2022) [16]	158,636 (2022) [17]
300+	Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine	France	15.217 (2021) [5]	266,160 (2021) [161]
175	Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA	United States	77.296 (2022) [16]	1,094,198 (2022) [17]
300+	Grand Reims	France	23.619 (2021) [5]	297,068 (2021) [162]
300+	Grants Pass, OR MSA	United States	3.658 (2022) [16]	87,730 (2022) [17]
300+	Graz	Austria	32.416 (2020) [5]	351,369 (2021) [163]
300+	Great Falls, MT MSA	United States	4.781 (2022) [16]	84,864 (2022) [17]
58	Greater Buenos Aires	Argentina	235.600 (2023) [164]	16,700,000 (2023) [23]
73	Greater Cairo	Egypt	190.200 (2021) [25]	21,500,000 (2021) [26]
51	Dhaka	Bangladesh	258.2 (2022) [165]	21,300,000 (2022) [165]
46	Greater Dublin Area	Ireland	272.454 (2022) [5]	1,400,000 (2021) [26]
116	Greater Helsinki	Finland	125.166 (2022) [76]	1,320,000 (2021) [26]
137	Greater Manchester	United Kingdom	108.000 (2021) [166]	2,812,569 (2021)39th
98	Greater Manila Area	Philippines	162.3 (2022) [167]	26,400,000 (2022) [19]
31	Greater Mexico City	Mexico	340.800 (2022) [168]	24,700,000 (2022) [19]
91	Greater Montreal	Canada	170.53 (2020) [10]	4,336,487 (2020) [11]
48	Greater São Paulo	Brazil	261.642 (2021) [51]	22,600,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Greater Sudbury	Canada	7.242 (2020) [10]	172,476 (2020) [11]
2	Greater Tokyo Area	Japan	2,080.758 (2022) [169]	40,700,000 (2022) [19]
30	Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area	Canada	349.201 (2020) [170]	7,281,694 (2021) [11]
118	Greater Vancouver	Canada	122.113 (2020) [10]	2,743,765 (2020) [11]
300+	Greeley, CO MSA	United States	27.344 (2022) [16]	350,176 (2022) [17]
300+	Green Bay, WI MSA	United States	24.565 (2022) [16]	330,292 (2022) [17]
266	Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA	United States	49.029 (2022) [16]	784,101 (2022) [17]
229	Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA	United States	57.403 (2022) [16]	958,958 (2022) [17]
300+	Greenville, NC MSA	United States	10.921 (2022) [16]	173,542 (2022) [17]
248	Grenoble metropolitan area	France	53.606 (2021) [5]	760,823 (2021) [171]
300+	Groningen	Netherlands	22.301 (2020) [5]	232,874 (2020) [172]
195	Guadalajara	Mexico	65.800 (2023) [173]	5,750,000 (2023) [23]
22	Shenzhen	China	455.694 (2022) [103]	14,678,000 (2022) [104]
300+	Guelph	Canada	7.891 (2020) [10]	167,658 (2020) [11]
209	Guiyang	China	62.511 (2020) [29] [174]	5,987,018 (2020) [175]
300+	Gujranwala	Pakistan	15.681 (2016) [176]	5,011,066 (2017) [177]
300+	Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA	United States	23.511 (2022) [16]	420,782 (2022) [17]
300+	Gwangju	South Korea	36.000 (2022) [119]	1,630,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA	United States	13.990 (2022) [16]	302,510 (2022) [17]
300+	Haifa	Israel	25.082 (2019) [178]	1,050,000 (2019) [179]
300+	Haixi Prefecture	China	8.986 (2020) [29] [180]	468,216 (2020) [181]
300+	Halifax, Nova Scotia	Canada	18.228 (2020) [10]	450,910 (2020) [11]
243	Hamamatsu	Japan	54.3 (2010) [182] [183]	800,866 (2010) [184]
49	Hamburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	261.306 (2020) [62]	5,100,000 (2020) [185]
300+	Hami	China	8.814 (2020) [29] [94]	673,383 (2020) [95]
300+	Hammond, LA MSA	United States	5.447 (2022) [16]	137,048 (2022) [17]
300+	Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA	United States	8.146 (2022) [16]	152,981 (2022) [17]
41	Hangzhou	China	279.000 (2022) [103]	12,500,000 (2022) [104]
75	Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	186.167 (2020) [62]	3,845,271 (2015) [186]
300	Hanoi	Vietnam	42.04 (2019) [187]	8,053,663 (2019) [188]
150	Harbin	China	94.1 (2017) [189]	10,009,854 (2020) [190]
272	Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA	United States	47.815 (2022) [16]	603,493 (2022) [17]
300+	Harrisonburg, VA MSA	United States	10.226 (2022) [16]	136,555 (2022) [17]
129	Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT MSA	United States	114.887 (2022) [16]	1,221,725 (2022) [17]
300+	Hattiesburg, MS MSA	United States	7.901 (2022) [16]	173,359 (2022) [17]
84	Hefei	China	179 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	7,150,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Heidelberg	Germany	34.067 (2020) [5]	1,544,830 (2020) [191]
300+	Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA	United States	18.281 (2022) [16]	368,347 (2022) [17]
300+	Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA	United States	12.497 (2022) [16]	228,410 (2022) [17]
300+	Hinesville, GA MSA	United States	4.768 (2022) [16]	86,378 (2022) [17]
214	Hiroshima	Japan	61.3 (2010) [182] [183]	2,860,750 (2010) [192]
145	Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area	Vietnam	96.399 (2022) [193]	10,900,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Hobart	Australia	11.388 (2018–19) [20]	218,874 (2018–19) [194]
300+	Hohhot	China	40.605 (2020) [29] [30]	3,446,100 (2020) [31]
300+	Homosassa Springs, FL MSA	United States	5.664 (2022) [16]	162,529 (2022) [17]
23	Hong Kong	China	410.36 (2024) [195]	7,498,100 (2023) [196]
300+	Hot Springs, AR MSA	United States	4.200 (2022) [16]	100,089 (2022) [17]
300+	Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA	United States	10.812 (2022) [16]	200,656 (2022) [17]
11	Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA	United States	759.820 (2022) [16]	7,340,118 (2022) [17]
300+	Hsinchu	Taiwan	11.980 (2016) [197]	448,207 (2020) [198]
224	Huai'an	China	58.361 (2020) [29] [199]	4,556,230 (2020) [200]
300+	Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA	United States	18.046 (2022) [16]	354,304 (2022) [17]
300+	Huntsville, AL MSA	United States	38.101 (2022) [16]	514,465 (2022) [17]
184	Hyderabad	India	74 (2016) [201]	9,482,000 (2018) [202]
300+	Iași	Romania	8.682 (2020) [5]	423,154 (2021) [68]
300+	Idaho Falls, ID MSA	United States	11.248 (2022) [16]	165,608 (2022) [17]
77	Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA	United States	184.394 (2022) [16]	2,141,779 (2022) [17]
300+	Indore	India	8.1 (2020–21) [203]	3,175,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Innsbruck	Austria	15.921 (2020) [5]	228,866 (2021) [204]
300+	Iowa City, IA MSA	United States	12.900 (2022) [16]	178,991 (2022) [17]
300+	Iserlohn	Germany	16.739 (2020) [5]	91,873 (2021) [205]
44	Istanbul metropolitan area	Turkey	275.365 (2022) [206]	16,500,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Ithaca, NY MSA	United States	7.274 (2022) [16]	104,777 (2022) [17]
253	İzmir	Turkey	51.460 (2021) [77]	3,050,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Jackson, MI MSA	United States	7.990 (2022) [16]	160,066 (2022) [17]
300+	Jackson, MS MSA	United States	34.043 (2022) [16]	583,197 (2022) [17]
300+	Jackson, TN MSA	United States	10.814 (2022) [16]	181,579 (2022) [17]
125	Jacksonville, FL MSA	United States	117.162 (2022) [16]	1,675,668 (2022) [17]
300+	Jacksonville, NC MSA	United States	10.737 (2022) [16]	207,298 (2022) [17]
300+	Jaipur	India	15 (2021) [207]	4,050,000 (2021) [26]
33	Jakarta metropolitan area	Indonesia	323.030 (2022) [208] [209] [210]	34,307,088 (2022)
300+	Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA	United States	9.277 (2022) [16]	164,060 (2022) [17]
105	Jeddah	Saudi Arabia	138.970 (2023) [211]	5,500,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Jefferson City, MO MSA	United States	9.698 (2022) [16]	150,350 (2022) [17]
270	Jerusalem	Israel	48.0 (2015) [212]	1,008,400 (2013) [213]
300+	Jiayuguan	China	4.083 (2020) [29] [214]	312,663 (2020) [215]
85	Jinan	China	179 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	6,200,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Jinchang	China	5.199 (2020) [29] [214]	438,026 (2020) [215]
15	Beijing	China	618.648 (2022) [216]	20,500,000 (2020)
300+	Jingmen	China	27.640 (2020) [29] [134]	2,596,927 (2020) [135]
277	Jiujiang	China	46.981 (2020) [29] [217]	4,600,276 (2020) [218]
109	Johannesburg	South Africa	134.682 (2022) [86]	8,400,042 (2022) [19]
300+	Johnson City, TN MSA	United States	9.943 (2022) [16]	210,256 (2022) [17]
300+	Johnstown, PA MSA	United States	5.499 (2022) [16]	131,441 (2022) [17]
300+	Jonesboro, AR MSA	United States	7.016 (2022) [16]	135,512 (2022) [17]
300+	Joplin, MO MSA	United States	9.407 (2022) [16]	184,086 (2022) [17]
300+	Jundiaí	Brazil	20.081 (2011) [35]	698,679 (2010) [219]
300+	Kabul	Afghanistan	6.000	4,800,000 (2023) [23]
250	Kagoshima	Japan	53.0 (2019) [169]	1,588,256 (2020) [220]
300+	Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA	United States	11.649 (2022) [16]	164,351 (2022) [17]
300+	Kaiserslautern	Germany	9.577 (2020) [5]	124,300 (2021) [221]
300+	Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA	United States	18.786 (2022) [16]	261,173 (2022) [17]
300+	Kankakee, IL MSA	United States	8.320 (2022) [16]	106,074 (2022) [17]
92	Kansas City, MO-KS MSA	United States	169.501 (2022) [16]	2,209,494 (2022) [17]
226	Kaohsiung	Taiwan	58.071 (2016) [222]	2,775,000 (2020) [15]
180	Karachi	Pakistan	75.000 (2022) [223]	14,910,352 (2022) [19]
300+	Karamay	China	12.858 (2020) [29] [94]	490,348 (2020) [95]
298	Karlsruhe	Germany	43.054 (2020) [5]	504,030 (2020) [224]
300+	Kassel	Germany	19.433 (2020) [5]	340,200 (2021) [225]
251	Katowice metropolitan area	Poland	52.713 (2021) [5]	2,486,510 (2020) [34]
300+	Kaunas urban area	Lithuania	14.406 (2022) [226] [45]	298,753 (2021) [227]
300+	Kelowna	Canada	8.401 (2020) [10]	223,529 (2020) [11]
300+	Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA	United States	19.553 (2022) [16]	311,469 (2022) [17]
300+	Kiel	Germany	26.831 (2020) [5]	325,300 (2021) [228]
300+	Kielce	Poland	9.144 (2020) [5]	192,468 (2021)( 18th) [229]
300+	Killeen-Temple, TX MSA	United States	24.105 (2022) [16]	496,228 (2022) [17]
300+	Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA	United States	17.596 (2022) [16]	311,272 (2022) [17]
300+	Kingston, NY MSA	United States	9.053 (2022) [16]	182,319 (2022) [17]
300+	Kingston, Ontario	Canada	6.873 (2020) [10]	176,176 (2020) [11]
300+	Kitchener, Ontario	Canada	24.529 (2020) [10]	593,397 (2020) [11]
223	Knoxville, TN MSA	United States	58.893 (2022) [16]	907,968 (2022) [17]
300+	Koblenz	Germany	17.01 (2020) [5]	113,638 (2021) [230]
300+	Kokomo, IN MSA	United States	5.079 (2022) [16]	83,574 (2022) [17]
100	Kolkata	India	160.2 (2022) [231]	17,200,000 (2022) [104]
300+	Konstanz, metropolitan area	Germany	12.212 (2020) [5]	288,097 (2021)
300+	Košice	Slovakia	14.243 (2021) [5]	228,249 (2021) [232]
300+	Kraków metropolitan area	Poland	29.165 (2020) [5]	1,498,499 (2020)
220	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	59.831 (2019) [233]	8,900,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Kumamoto	Japan	39.8 (2010) [182] [234]	1,817,426 (2010) [235]
144	Kunming	China	97.628 (2020) [29] [236]	8,460,088 (2020) [237]
123	Kuwait City	Kuwait	118.000 (2020) [238]	4,750,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Kyiv	Ukraine	27.5 (2020) [239]	3,475,000 (2020) [15]
12	Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe	Japan	699.474 (2022) [51]	17,700,000 (2022) [19]
300+	La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA	United States	9.693 (2022) [16]	139,094 (2022) [17]
300+	Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA	United States	14.002 (2022) [16]	226,452 (2022) [240]
300+	Lafayette, LA MSA	United States	24.996 (2022) [16]	481,125 (2022) [17]
142	Lagos metropolitan area	Nigeria	102.010 (2021) [241]	20,100,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Lahore	Pakistan	40.000 (2022) [242]	13,900,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Lake Charles, LA MSA	United States	18.574 (2022) [16]	207,320 (2022) [17]
300+	Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA	United States	7.715 (2022) [16]	220,816 (2022) [17]
300+	Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA	United States	37.305 (2022) [16]	787,404 (2022) [17]
300+	Lancaster, PA MSA	United States	36.312 (2022) [16]	556,629 (2022) [17]
300+	Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA	United States	32.633 (2022) [16]	540,870 (2022) [17]
300+	Laredo, TX MSA	United States	17.010 (2022) [16]	267,780 (2022) [17]
300+	Las Cruces, NM MSA	United States	9.336 (2022) [16]	223,337 (2022) [17]
300+	Las Palmas metropolitan area	Spain	16.93 (2020) [5]	556,159 (2020) [243]
99	Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA	United States	160.728 (2022) [16]	2,322,985 (2022) [17]
300+	Launceston	Australia	3.961 (2018–19) [20]	89,532 (2018-19) [244]
300+	Lawrence, KS MSA	United States	6.176 (2022) [16]	119,964 (2022) [17]
300+	Lawton, OK MSA	United States	6.198 (2022) [16]	128,523 (2022) [17]
300+	Le Mans Métropole	France	18.533 (2021) [5]	267,560 (2021) [245]
300+	Lebanon, PA MSA	United States	7.510 (2022) [16]	144,011 (2022) [17]
300+	Leeds	United Kingdom	37.1 (2020) [116] [45]	2,175,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Leeuwarden metropolitan area	Netherlands	11.749 (2020) [5]	124,084 (2020) [246]
300+	Leiden	Netherlands	18.472 (2020) [5]	270,225 (2018) [247]
300+	Les Abymes	France	10.807 (2020) [5]	52,118 (2021) [248]
300+	Lethbridge	Canada	5.059 (2020) [10]	128,795 (2020) [11]
300+	Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA	United States	6.001 (2022) [16]	113,023 (2022) [17]
300+	Lewiston, ID-WA MSA	United States	3.641 (2022) [16]	65,512 (2022) [17]
300+	Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA	United States	35.670 (2022) [16]	517,916 (2022) [17]
300+	Lhasa	China	9.832 (2020) [29] [249]	867,891 (2020) [250]
273	Lianyungang	China	47.512 (2020) [29] [199]	4,599,360 (2020) [200]
300+	Liège	Belgium	31.085 (2021) [5]	500,903 (2021) [251]
130	Lima	Peru	114.400 (2023) [252]	11,283,787 (2023) [253]
300+	Lima, OH MSA	United States	10.789 (2022) [16]	101,115 (2022) [17]
300+	Limoges metropolitan area	France	12.558 (2021) [5]	296,099 (2021) [254]
300+	Lincoln, NE MSA	United States	25.459 (2022) [16]	342,448 (2022) [17]
291	Linz	Austria	43.918 (2020) [5]	271,234 (2020) [255]
141	Lisbon metropolitan area	Portugal	103.33 (2021) [5]	2,500,000 (2021) [26]
275	Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA	United States	47.322 (2022) [16]	757,615 (2022) [17]
279	Liuzhou	China	46.060 (2020) [29] [138]	4,157,934 (2020) [139]
272	Liverpool	United Kingdom	21.9 (2021) [256] [45]	506,565 (2021) [257]
300+	Ljubljana	Slovenia	23.937 (2021) [5]	294,464 (2021) [258]
300+	Łódź metropolitan area	Poland	21.779 (2021) [5]	1,112,069 (2011) [259]
300+	Logan, UT-ID MSA	United States	8.009 (2022) [16]	155,362 (2022) [17]
5	London metropolitan area	United Kingdom	978.402 (2022) [51]	14,800,000 (2022) [19]
300+	London, Ontario	Canada	20.818 (2020) [10]	550,605 (2020) [11]
300+	Longview, TX MSA	United States	20.259 (2022) [16]	291,219 (2022) [17]
300+	Longview, WA MSA	United States	6.626 (2022) [16]	111,956 (2022) [17]
300+	Longyan	China	41.623 (2020) [29] [260]	2,723,637 (2020) [261]
3	Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA	United States	1,527.621 (2022) [16]	18,372,485 (2022) [262]
153	Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA	United States	90.836 (2022) [16]	1,284,553 (2022) [17]
300+	Lubbock, TX MSA	United States	18.116 (2022) [16]	328,283 (2022) [17]
300+	Lublin	Poland	10.065 (2020) [5]	664,000 (2021)
300+	Lucknow	India	3.83 (2023) [263]	4,000,000 (2023) [23]
183	Luoyang	China	74.352 (2020) [29]	2,550,000 (2020) [15]
161	Luxembourg metropolitan area	Luxembourg	85.503 (2021) [5]	643,941 (2021) [264]
300+	Lynchburg, VA MSA	United States	12.464 (2022) [16]	263,613 (2022) [17]
300+	Maanshan	China	31.706 (2020) [29]	2,159,930 (2020) [265]
300+	Mackay	Australia	6.540 (2018–19) [20]	80,148 (2018) [266]
300+	Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA	United States	12.760 (2022) [16]	233,916 (2022) [17]
300+	Madera, CA MSA	United States	7.738 (2022) [16]	160,256 (2022) [17]
216	Madison, WI MSA	United States	60.909 (2022) [16]	687,077 (2022) [17]
43	Madrid Metropolitan Area	Spain	277.508 (2021) [76]	6,980,646 (2021) [267]
300+	Magdeburg	Germany	18.25 (2020) [5]	295,200 (2021) [268]
300+	Makassar Metropolitan	Indonesia	17.052 (2021) [269]	2,900,468 (2021) [269]
300+	Málaga metropolitan area	Spain	32.26 (2020) [5]	1,030,000 (2020) [15]
203	Malmö	Sweden	64.427 (2020) [5]	748,433 (2020) [270]
300+	Manado Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.487 (2021) [271]	1,008,126 (2021) [271]
300+	Manaus	Brazil	30.375 (2014) [272]	1,802,014 (2010) [273]
300+	Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA	United States	34.533 (2022) [16]	426,594 (2022) [17]
300+	Manhattan, KS MSA	United States	8.457 (2022) [16]	133,072 (2022) [17]
300+	Mankato, MN MSA	United States	6.831 (2022) [16]	104,072 (2022) [17]
300+	Mansfield, OH MSA	United States	5.494 (2022) [16]	125,319 (2022) [17]
300+	Mataram Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.491 (2021) [274]	3,808,908 (2021) [274]
300+	McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA	United States	27.685 (2022) [16]	888,367 (2022) [17]
300+	Medan Metropolitan	Indonesia	28.248 (2021) [275]	5,106,670 (2021) [275]
300+	Medellín	Colombia	35.000 (2023) [276]	4,225,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Medford, OR MSA	United States	12.024 (2022) [16]	221,644 (2022) [17]
34	Melbourne	Australia	318.677 (2021) [51]	5,050,000 (2021) [26]
147	Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA	United States	96.183 (2022) [16]	1,332,305 (2022) [17]
300+	Merced, CA MSA	United States	11.560 (2022) [16]	290,014 (2022) [17]
300+	Métropole du Grand Nancy	France	24.59 (2021) [5]	427,697 (2021) [277]
274	Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur	France	47.361 (2021) [5]	1,101,039 (2021) [73]
260	Métropole Rouen Normandie	France	49.637 (2021) [5]	499,830 (2021) [24]
127	Metropolis of Lyon	France	116.412 (2021) [278]	1,424,069 (2021)
119	Metropolitan Area of Bogotá	Colombia	121.800 (2023) [276]	10,200,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Metropolitan City of Bari	Italy	30.011 (2020) [5]	1,223,102 (2023) [279]
300+	Metropolitan City of Cagliari	Italy	12.645 (2020) [5]	419,553 (2023) [280]
300+	Metropolitan City of Catania	Italy	22.017 (2020) [5]	1,068,482 (2023) [281]
300+	Metropolitan City of Florence	Italy	39.496 (2020) [5]	1,000,111 (2020)
300+	Metropolitan City of Genoa	Italy	30.556 (2020) [5]	564,981 (2021) [282]
300+	Metropolitan City of Messina	Italy	12.441 (2020) [5]	598,811 (2023) [283]
300+	Metropolitan City of Palermo	Italy	25.53 (2020) [5]	647,160 (2021) [284]
124	Metropolitan Cork	Ireland	117.882 (2020) [5]	270,000 (2020) [285]
21	Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA	United States	483.755 (2022) [16]	6,139,340 (2022) [17]
300+	Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA	United States	5.286 (2022) [16]	111,675 (2022) [17]
300+	Midland, MI MSA	United States	7.047 (2022) [16]	83,674 (2022) [17]
237	Midland, TX MSA	United States	55.015 (2022) [16]	177,216 (2022) [17]
60	Milan metropolitan area	Italy	233.596 (2020) [5]	4,985,668 (2020) [34]
120	Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA	United States	120.563 (2022) [16]	1,559,792 (2022) [17]
32	Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA	United States	333.102 (2022) [16]	3,693,729 (2022) [17]
300+	Minsk	Belarus	19.913 (2023) [286] [45]	1,995,471 (2023) [287]
300+	Missoula, MT MSA	United States	7.710 (2022) [16]	121,041 (2022) [17]
300+	Mobile, AL MSA	United States	27.361 (2022) [16]	426,533 (2022) [17]
300+	Modesto, CA MSA	United States	28.674 (2022) [16]	551,275 (2022) [17]
300+	Monaco	Monaco	6.816 (2020) [288]	39,150 (2021) [289]
300+	Moncton	Canada	6.031 (2020) [10]	159,177 (2020) [11]
300+	Monroe, LA MSA	United States	9.650 (2022) [16]	202,869 (2022) [17]
300+	Monroe, MI MSA	United States	7.119 (2022) [16]	155,609 (2022) [17]
104	Monterrey	Mexico	140 (2015) [290]	5,324,281 (2020) [291]
246	Montevideo	Uruguay	53.9 (2022) [292]	1,870,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Montgomery, AL MSA	United States	22.080 (2022) [16]	385,460 (2022) [17]
285	Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole	France	45.031 (2021) [5]	487,519 (2021) [24]
300+	Morgantown, WV MSA	United States	9.657 (2022) [16]	141,041 (2022) [17]
300+	Morristown, TN MSA	United States	6.730 (2022) [16]	146,172 (2022) [17]
20	Moscow metropolitan area	Russia	504.808 (2022) [51]	17,400,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA	United States	8.773 (2022) [16]	131,179 (2022) [17]
300+	Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération	France	27.213 (2021) [5]	356,125 (2021) [293]
300+	Multan	Pakistan	12.000 (2022) [294]	2,225,000 (2022) [19]
42	Mumbai Metropolitan Region	India	277.98 (2021) [51]	25,600,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Muncie, IN MSA	United States	5.102 (2022) [16]	112,031 (2022) [17]
27	Munich Metropolitan Region	Germany	384.582 (2020) [5]	2,926,802 (2020) [62]
300+	Murcia metropolitan area	Spain	33.946 (2020) [5]	1,528,828 (2020) [295]
300+	Muskegon, MI MSA	United States	7.408 (2022) [16]	176,565 (2022) [17]
300+	Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA	United States	25.132 (2022) [16]	536,165 (2022) [17]
28	Nagoya	Japan	379.301 (2021) [51]	10,500,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Nagpur	India	19 (2021–22) [296]	3,127,000 (2021) [297]
300+	Nairobi	Kenya	30 (2023) [298]	4,750,056 (2023) [299]
300+	Namur metropolitan area	Belgium	12.559 (2021) [5]	319,355 (2021) [300]
166	Nanchang	China	83.300 (2020) [29] [217]	6,255,007 (2020) [218]
53	Nanjing	China	251.000 (2022) [103]	8,850,000 (2022) [104]
244	Nanning	China	54.299 (2015) [301] [302]	7,765,411 (2015) [303]
300+	Nanping	China	29.104 (2020) [29] [260]	2,680,645 (2020) [261]
196	Nantes	France	65.457 (2021) [5]	859,972 (2021) [304]
300+	Napa, CA MSA	United States	13.166 (2022) [16]	134,300 (2022) [17]
204	Naples metropolitan area	Italy	64.296 (2020) [5]	3,349,233 (2020) [34]
300+	Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA	United States	28.083 (2022) [16]	397,994 (2022) [17]
74	Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA	United States	187.781 (2022) [16]	2,046,828 (2022) [17]
45	National Capital Region (India)	India	272.603 (2021) [51]	31,300,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Neubrandenburg	Germany	8.714 (2020) [5]	63,043 (2021) [305]
300+	New Bern, NC MSA	United States	6.619 (2022) [16]	122,488 (2022) [306]
213	New Haven-Milford, CT MSA	United States	61.456 (2022) [16]	869,527 (2022) [17]
151	New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA	United States	94.031 (2022) [16]	1,246,176 (2022) [17]
1	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA	United States	2,504.721 (2022) [16]	21,914,996 (2022) [307]
300+	Newcastle	Australia	11.554 (2018–19) [20]	492,805 (2018–19) [308]
300+	Nicosia	Cyprus	28.407 (2021) [5]	350,824 (2021) [309]
295	Niigata	Japan	43.3 (2010) [310] [234]	2,374,450 (2010) [311]
300+	Niles, MI MSA	United States	9.030 (2022) [16]	152,900 (2022) [17]
300+	Ningde	China	37.971 (2020) [29] [260]	3,146,789 (2020) [261]
263	North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA	United States	49.369 (2022) [16]	891,411 (2022) [17]
128	Northwest Metropolitan Region	Germany	115.73 (2020) [62]	2,797,706 (2020) [62]
300+	Norwich-New London, CT MSA	United States	22.049 (2022) [16]	268,681 (2022) [17]
93	Nuremberg Metropolitan Region	Germany	169.195 (2020) [62]	3,610,543 (2020) [34]
300+	Nyingchi	China	2.774 (2020) [29] [312]	238,936 (2020) [313]
300+	Ocala, FL MSA	United States	14.033 (2022) [16]	396,415 (2022) [17]
300+	Ocean City, NJ MSA	United States	6.533 (2022) [16]	95,634 (2022) [17]
300+	Odense	Denmark	25.361 (2021) [5]	205,509 (2021) [314]
300+	Odessa, TX MSA	United States	14.192 (2022) [16]	160,869 (2022) [17]
300+	Offenburg	Germany	20.259 (2020) [5]	88,600 (2021) [315]
300+	Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA	United States	39.168 (2022) [16]	713,839 (2022) [17]
207	Okayama	Japan	63.1 (2010) [182] [234]	1,945,276 (2010) [316]
149	Oklahoma City, OK MSA	United States	94.742 (2022) [16]	1,459,380 (2022) [17]
300+	Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA	United States	17.927 (2022) [16]	298,758 (2022) [17]
163	Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA	United States	85.021 (2022) [16]	976,671 (2022) [17]
300+	Opole	Poland	8.559 (2020) [5]	146,522 (2021)
300+	Orange	Australia	3.204 (2018–19) [20]	40,493 (2018) [158]
254	Ordos	China	51.232 (2020) [29] [30]	2,153,638 (2020) [31]
71	Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA	United States	194.472 (2022) [16]	2,764,182 (2022) [17]
300+	Orléans	France	27.499 (2021) [5]	453,067 (2021) [317]
300+	Oshawa	Canada	10.321 (2020) [10]	424,757 (2020) [11]
300+	Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA	United States	12.398 (2022) [16]	170,718 (2022) [17]
186	Oslo	Norway	73.715 (2020) [318]	1,190,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Osnabrück	Germany	23.005 (2020) [5]	272,674 (2021) [319]
300+	Ostrava metropolitan area	Czech Republic	25.054 (2021) [5]	949,291 (2021) [320]
191	Ottawa–Gatineau	Canada	67.042 (2020) [10]	1,462,582 (2020) [11]
300+	Owensboro, KY MSA	United States	6.742 (2022) [16]	121,348 (2022) [17]
210	Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA	United States	62.329 (2022) [16]	832,605 (2022) [17]
300+	Padang Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.213 (2021) [321]	1,441,760 (2021) [321]
300+	Paderborn	Germany	12.659 (2020) [5]	309,380 (2021) [322]
300+	Padua–Treviso–Venice metropolitan area	Italy	34.796 (2020) [5]	2,748,420 (2020) [323]
300+	Palembang Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.561 (2021) [324]	3,722,087 (2021) [324]
300+	Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA	United States	34.626 (2022) [16]	630,693 (2022) [17]
300+	Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area	Spain	24.507 (2020) [5]	422,587 (2020) [325]
300+	Pamplona metropolitan area	Spain	21.636 (2020) [5]	359,435 (2020) [326]
300+	Panama City, FL MSA	United States	11.683 (2022) [16]	185,134 (2022) [17]
300+	Panjin	China	18.900 (2020) [29]	1,389,691 (2020) [327]
300+	Panzhihua	China	15.090 (2020) [29] [124]	1,212,203 (2020) [125]
6	Paris metropolitan area	France	934.168 (2022) [328] [329] [330] [331]	14,800,000 (2022) [104]
300+	Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA	United States	4.354 (2022) [16]	88,431 (2022) [17]
300+	Parma	Italy	19.202 (2020) [5]	450,854 (2023) [332]
300+	Patna	India	30 (2022) [333]	2,800,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Pekanbaru Metropolitan	Indonesia	25.279 (2021) [334]	2,718,278 (2021) [334]
300+	Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA	United States	27.080 (2022) [16]	523,146 (2022) [17]
300+	Peoria, IL MSA	United States	26.282 (2022) [16]	396,466 (2022) [17]
300+	Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole	France	14.43 (2021) [5]	292,142 (2021) [335]
133	Perth	Australia	111.056 (2018–19) [20]	2,087,086 (2018–19) [336]
300+	Perugia metropolitan area	Italy	18.509 (2020) [5]	637,598 (2023) [337]
300+	Peterborough, Ontario	Canada	3.657 (2020) [10]	131,665 (2020) [11]
300+	Pforzheim	Germany	12.932 (2020) [5]	215,100 (2021) [338]
18	Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA	United States	518.485 (2022) [16]	6,241,164 (2022) [17]
29	Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA	United States	362.087 (2022) [16]	5,015,678 (2022) [17]
300+	Pine Bluff, AR MSA	United States	4.122 (2022) [16]	84,629 (2022) [17]
81	Pittsburgh, PA MSA	United States	181.485 (2022) [16]	2,349,172 (2022) [17]
300+	Pittsfield, MA MSA	United States	8.155 (2022) [16]	127,859 (2022) [17]
300+	Ploiești	Romania	8.827 (2020) [5]	180,540 (2021) [68]
300+	Plzeň	Czech Republic	13.742 (2021) [5]	174,007 (2021) [339]
300+	Pocatello, ID MSA	United States	4.229 (2022) [16]	97,585 (2022) [17]
300+	Port St. Lucie, FL MSA	United States	24.146 (2022) [16]	520,710 (2022) [17]
292	Portland-South Portland, ME MSA	United States	43.764 (2022) [16]	561,576 (2022) [17]
67	Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA	United States	204.319 (2022) [16]	2,509,489 (2022) [17]
283	Porto Alegre	Brazil	45.506 (2011) [35]	3,701,525 (2010) [340]
300+	Porto metropolitan area	Portugal	40.868 (2021) [5]	1,550,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Poznań metropolitan area	Poland	33.829 (2022) [5]	546,859 (2021) [341]
111	Prague metropolitan area	Czech Republic	130.085 (2022) [5]	1,460,000 (2021) [26]
300+	Prato	Italy	8.564 (2020) [5]	195,213 (2023) [342]
300+	Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA	United States	6.111 (2017) [16]	236,209 (2020) [343]
233	Pretoria	South Africa	56.286 (2022) [86]	7,426,673 (2022)
138	Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA	United States	105.571 (2022) [16]	1,673,802 (2022) [17]
300+	Provo-Orem, UT MSA	United States	40.761 (2022) [16]	715,001 (2022) [17]
300+	Puebla	Mexico	31.102 (2019) [344]	3,903,485 (2020) [345]
300+	Pueblo, CO MSA	United States	7.836 (2022) [16]	169,544 (2022) [17]
188	Pune	India	69 (2016) [346] [347] [348]	9,429,408 (2011) [349]
300+	Punta Gorda, FL MSA	United States	7.714 (2022) [16]	202,661 (2022) [17]
300+	Putian	China	38.333 (2020) [29] [260]	3,210,714 (2020) [261]
63	Qingdao	China	222 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	7,050,000 (2022) [19]
82	Quanzhou	China	180 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	8,782,285 (2022) [350]
300+	Quebec City	Canada	35.742 (2020) [10]	832,021 (2020) [11]
300+	Quzhou	China	23.764 (2020) [29] [351]	2,276,184 (2020) [352]
300+	Racine, WI MSA	United States	9.909 (2022) [16]	195,846 (2022) [17]
121	Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA	United States	119.675 (2022) [16]	1,484,338 (2022) [17]
300+	Rapid City, SD MSA	United States	8.459 (2022) [16]	145,159 (2022) [17]
300+	Reading, PA MSA	United States	23.751 (2022) [16]	430,449 (2022) [17]
300+	Recife	Brazil	22.81 (2014) [353]	3,741,898 (2010) [354]
300+	Redding, CA MSA	United States	9.921 (2022) [16]	180,930 (2022) [17]
300+	Regensburg	Germany	25.618 (2020) [5]	243,200 (2021) [355]
300+	Reggio Emilia metropolitan area	Italy	21.133 (2020) [5]	525,366 (2023) [356]
300+	Regina, Saskatchewan	Canada	13.02 (2020) [10]	263,236 (2020) [11]
268	Rennes Métropole	France	48.287 (2021) [5]	624,744 (2021) [357]
300+	Reno, NV MSA	United States	40.095 (2022) [16]	500,915 (2022) [17]
70	Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region	Germany	197.259 (2020) [62]	5,808,518 (2019) [358]
131	Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region	Germany	113.354 (2020) [62]	2,362,000 (2020) [62]
136	Richmond, VA MSA	United States	109.513 (2022) [16]	1,339,182 (2022) [17]
300+	Riga metropolitan area	Latvia	25.207 (2021) [5]	663,012 (2021) [359]
88	Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area	Brazil	176.095 (2021) [360]	17,463,349 (2021) [361]
55	Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA	United States	237.913 (2022) [16]	4,667,558 (2022) [17]
59	Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	235.180 (2022) [211]	7,109,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Roanoke, VA MSA	United States	19.936 (2022) [16]	314,340 (2022) [17]
300+	Rochester, MN MSA	United States	16.500 (2022) [16]	228,073 (2022) [17]
179	Rochester, NY MSA	United States	75.085 (2022) [16]	1,081,152 (2022) [17]
300+	Rockford, IL MSA	United States	18.129 (2022) [16]	335,342 (2022) [17]
300+	Rockhampton	Australia	5.342 (2018–19) [20]	78,592 (2018) [362]
300+	Rocky Mount, NC MSA	United States	8.097 (2022) [16]	144,090 (2022) [17]
89	Rome metropolitan area	Italy	175.336 (2020) [5]	4,325,591 (2020) [34]
300+	Rome, GA MSA	United States	4.947 (2022) [16]	99,443 (2022) [17]
300+	Rostock	Germany	15.661 (2020) [5]	243,000 (2021) [363]
132	Rotterdam	Netherlands	112.578 (2021) [5]	1,876,165 (2020) [34]
300+	Rzeszów	Poland	8.547 (2020) [5]	195,871 (2021) [364]
300+	Saarbrücken	Germany	33.295 (2020) [5]	700,000 (2021) [365]
87	Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA MSA	United States	176.276 (2022) [16]	2,416,702 (2022) [17]
300+	Saginaw, MI MSA	United States	10.091 (2022) [16]	188,330 (2022) [17]
300+	Saguenay, Quebec	Canada	6.345 (2020) [10]	163,335 (2020) [11]
300+	Saint John, New Brunswick	Canada	4.747 (2020) [10]	131,935 (2020) [11]
114	Saint Petersburg	Russia	128.000 (2021) [366]	6,200,000 (2021) [367] [368]
300+	Saint-Étienne Métropole	France	26.675 (2021) [5]	425,495 (2021) [369]
300+	Salem, OR MSA	United States	24.075 (2022) [16]	436,317 (2022) [17]
300+	Salinas, CA MSA	United States	33.249 (2022) [16]	432,858 (2022) [17]
300+	Salisbury, MD-DE MSA	United States	28.573 (2022) [16]	439,032 (2022) [17]
106	Salt Lake City, UT MSA	United States	135.409 (2022) [16]	1,266,191 (2022) [17]
300+	Salvador	Brazil	17.98 (2016) [370] [371]	3,600,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Salzburg	Austria	23.287 (2020) [5]	157,245 (2020) [372]
300+	San Angelo, TX MSA	United States	9.238 (2022) [16]	121,839 (2022) [17]
96	San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA	United States	163.061 (2022) [16]	2,655,342 (2022) [17]
37	San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA MSA	United States	295.645 (2022) [16]	3,276,208 (2022) [17]
4	San Jose-San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA	United States	1,285.342 (2022) [16]	6,518,123 (2022) [17]
284	San Juan	Puerto Rico	45.461 (2021) [373]	1,920,000 (2021) [26]
300+	San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA	United States	21.713 (2022) [16]	282,013 (2022) [17]
300+	San Marino	San Marino	1.807 (2023) [374]	34,000 (2023) [374]
300+	San Sebastián metropolitan area	Spain	24.897 (2020) [5]	428,187 (2020) [375]
300+	Sanmenxia	China	21.033 (2020) [29]	2,034,872 (2020) [376]
300+	Sanming	China	39.177 (2020) [29] [260]	2,486,450 (2020) [261]
300+	Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area	Spain	19.575 (2020) [5]	434,083 (2020) [377]
300+	Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA	United States	19.176 (2022) [16]	264,370 (2022) [17]
300+	Santa Fe, NM MSA	United States	8.797 (2022) [16]	155,664 (2022) [17]
300+	Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA	United States	36.081 (2022) [16]	443,837 (2022) [17]
300+	Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA	United States	36.877 (2022) [16]	482,650 (2022) [17]
300+	Santander metropolitan area	Spain	14.665 (2020) [5]	256,025 (2020) [378]
112	Santiago Metropolitan Region	Chile	128.800 (2023) [379]	8,050,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Santiago de Cali	Colombia	22.100 (2023) [276]	2,925,000 (2023) [23]
300+	Santos	Brazil	28.609 (2011) [35]	1,556,718 (2010) [380]
300+	São José dos Campos	Brazil	30.148 (2011) [35]	1,419,657 (2010) [381]
300+	São José dos Pinhais	Brazil	14.726 (2011) [35]	264,210 (2010) [382]
164	Sapporo	Japan	84.7 (2010) [182] [234]	1,913,545 (2010) [383]
300+	Saskatoon	Canada	15.059 (2020) [10]	336,850 (2020) [11]
300+	Savannah, GA MSA	United States	29.452 (2022) [16]	418,373 (2022) [17]
300+	Schweinfurt	Germany	12.847 (2020) [5]	100,500 (2021) [384]
300+	Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA	United States	32.328 (2022) [16]	567,998 (2022) [17]
14	Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA	United States	621.369 (2022) [16]	4,034,248 (2022) [17]
300+	Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA	United States	9.573 (2022) [16]	167,352 (2022) [17]
300+	Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA	United States	3.215 (2022) [16]	105,618 (2022) [17]
300+	Semarang Metropolitan	Indonesia	26.057 (2021) [385]	6,608,815 (2021) [385]
258	Sendai	Japan	50 (2015) [386]	1,082,159 (2015) [387]
7	Seoul Capital Area	South Korea	878.535 (2022) [119]	24,800,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Seville metropolitan area	Spain	42.016 (2020) [5]	1,558,006 (2020) [34]
13	Shanghai	China	663.874 (2022) [103]	24,890,106 (2020)
300+	Shantou	China	34.8 (2017) [388]	5,502,031 (2020) [389]
157	Shaoxing	China	86.999 (2020) [29] [351]	5,270,977 (2020) [352]
300+	Sheboygan, WI MSA	United States	8.087 (2022) [16]	117,841 (2022) [17]
300+	Sheffield	United Kingdom	40.6 (2020) [116] [45]	1,570,000 (2020) [15]
148	Shenyang	China	95.276 (2020) [29]	8,000,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Sherbrooke	Canada	7.02 (2020) [10]	224,456 (2020) [11]
300+	Sherman-Denison, TX MSA	United States	6.331 (2022) [16]	143,131 (2022) [17]
167	Shijiazhuang	China	81.252 (2018) [388]	11,235,086 (2020) [390]
300+	Shizuishan	China	7.853 (2020) [29] [391]	751,389 (2020) [392]
281	Shizuoka	Japan	45.8 (2010) [182] [234]	3,765,007 (2010) [393]
300+	Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA	United States	27.363 (2022) [16]	385,154 (2022) [17]
300+	Shuozhou	China	15.955 (2020) [29] [394]	1,593,444 (2020) [395]
300+	Siegen	Germany	16.336 (2020) [5]	101,516 (2021) [396]
300+	Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA	United States	5.698 (2022) [16]	125,663 (2022) [17]
19	Singapore	Singapore	515.548 (2023) [374]	5,659,000 (2023) [374]
300+	Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA	United States	10.918 (2022) [16]	149,240 (2022) [17]
300+	Sioux Falls, SD MSA	United States	27.770 (2022) [16]	289,592 (2022) [17]
300+	Sofia metropolitan area	Bulgaria	33.042 (2020) [5]	1,300,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Sorocaba	Brazil	21.313 (2011) [35]	779,704 (2010) [397]
300+	South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA	United States	19.042 (2022) [16]	323,637 (2022) [17]
300+	Spartanburg, SC MSA	United States	19.485 (2022) [16]	345,831 (2022) [17]
300+	Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA	United States	35.689 (2022) [16]	597,919 (2022) [17]
300+	Springfield, IL MSA	United States	13.952 (2022) [16]	206,655 (2022) [17]
300+	Springfield, MA MSA	United States	40.110 (2022) [16]	694,523 (2022) [17]
300+	Springfield, MO MSA	United States	26.687 (2022) [16]	487,061 (2022) [17]
300+	Springfield, OH MSA	United States	5.500 (2022) [16]	134,831 (2022) [17]
300+	St. Catharines– Niagara Falls	Canada	12.979 (2020) [10]	437,080 (2020) [11]
300+	St. Cloud, MN MSA	United States	12.943 (2022) [16]	201,868 (2022) [17]
300+	St. George, UT MSA	United States	9.561 (2022) [16]	197,680 (2022) [17]
300+	St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador	Canada	9.628 (2020) [10]	213,919 (2020) [11]
300+	St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA	United States	6.873 (2022) [16]	119,690 (2022) [17]
65	St. Louis, MO-IL MSA	United States	209.936 (2022) [16]	2,801,319 (2022) [17]
300+	State College, PA MSA	United States	10.325 (2022) [16]	158,425 (2022) [17]
300+	Staunton, VA MSA	United States	6.332 (2022) [16]	126,776 (2022) [17]
68	Stockholm metropolitan area	Sweden	203.899 (2021) [76]	2,308,143 (2021) [398]
300+	Stockton, CA MSA	United States	40.228 (2022) [16]	793,229 (2022) [17]
265	Strasbourg	France	49.09 (2021) [5]	1,150,899 (2021) [399]
38	Stuttgart Metropolitan Region	Germany	294.957 (2020) [62]	2,400,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Sumter, SC MSA	United States	5.801 (2022) [16]	134,925 (2022) [17]
300+	Sunshine Coast	Australia	13.813 (2018–19) [20]	333,436 (2018) [400]
154	Surabaya Metropolitan	Indonesia	88.821 (2021) [401]	11,800,657 (2021) [401]
221	Surat	India	59.8 (2017) [402]	6,600,000 (2020) [15]
26	Sydney	Australia	398.037 (2021) [51]	5,400,000 (2021) [26]
264	Syracuse, NY MSA	United States	49.281 (2022) [16]	653,633 (2022) [17]
300+	Szczecin metropolitan area	Poland	13.822 (2020) [403]	750,000 (2020)
206	Taichung	Taiwan	63.910 (2016) [404]	3,033,840 (2020) [405]
300+	Tainan	Taiwan	37.038 (2016) [406]	1,875,076 (2020) [407]
24	Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area	Taiwan	407.838 (2021) [51]	9,150,000 (2021) [26]
218	Taiyuan	China	60.215 (2020) [29] [408]	5,304,061 (2020) [409]
176	Taizhou, Jiangsu	China	77.015 (2020) [29] [199]	4,512,762 (2020) [200]
178	Taizhou, Zhejiang	China	76.300 (2020) [29] [351]	6,622,888 (2020) [352]
300+	Tallahassee, FL MSA	United States	22.394 (2022) [16]	390,992 (2022) [17]
300+	Tallinn metropolitan area	Estonia	22.797 (2022) [410] [45]	638,076 (2023) [411]
64	Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA	United States	219.414 (2022) [16]	3,290,730 (2022) [17]
300+	Tampere	Finland	23.987 (2020) [5]	241,009 (2020) [412]
110	Tangshan	China	132 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	2,600,000 (2022) [19]
252	Taoyuan	Taiwan	52.010 (2016) [413]	2,254,363 (2020) [198]
300+	Taranto metropolitan area	Italy	11.518 (2020) [5]	555,999 (2023) [414]
300+	Tbilisi	Georgia	8.0 (2017) [415]	1,184,818 (2020) [416]
35	Tel Aviv metropolitan area	Israel	310.00 (2022) [417] [418]	4,260,000 (2022) [419]
300+	Terre Haute, IN MSA	United States	9.774 (2022) [16]	184,875 (2022) [17]
300+	Texarkana, TX-AR MSA	United States	6.746 (2022) [16]	146,408 (2022) [17]
219	The Hague	Netherlands	60.105 (2020) [5]	1,116,798 (2020) [34]
300+	The Villages, FL MSA	United States	5.785 (2022) [16]	144,970 (2022) [17]
300+	Thessaloniki	Greece	16.452 (2020) [5]	1,104,023 (2020) [420]
300+	Thunder Bay	Canada	4.658 (2020) [10]	126,502 (2020) [11]
300+	Tilburg	Netherlands	21.869 (2020) [5]	221,947 (2021) [421]
300+	Timișoara metropolitan area	Romania	11.526 (2020) [5]	430,071 (2021) [422]
300+	Tokelau	Tokelau	0.009(2015–16) [423]	1,499 (2016) [424]
280	Toledo, OH MSA	United States	45.846 (2022) [16]	640,384 (2022) [17]
300+	Toowoomba	Australia	7.118 (2018–19) [20]	136,861 (2018) [362]
300+	Topeka, KS MSA	United States	14.388 (2022) [16]	231,783 (2022) [17]
197	Toulouse Métropole	France	65.456 (2020) [5]	1,445,789 (2020) [34]
300+	Tours Métropole Val de Loire	France	23.795 (2021) [5]	392,030 (2021) [425]
300+	Townsville	Australia	9.075 (2018–19) [20]	180,820 (2018) [426]
261	Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA	United States	49.620 (2022) [16]	380,688 (2022) [17]
300+	Trois-Rivières	Canada	5.134 (2020) [10]	163,374 (2020) [11]
234	Tucson, AZ MSA	United States	55.800 (2022) [16]	1,057,597 (2022) [17]
211	Tulsa, OK MSA	United States	61.966 (2022) [16]	1,034,123 (2022) [17]
173	Turin metropolitan area	Italy	78.268 (2020) [5]	1,728,714 (2020) [34]
300+	Turku metropolitan area	Finland	21.939 (2020) [5]	346,662 (2020)
300+	Tuscaloosa, AL MSA	United States	13.818 (2022) [16]	277,494 (2022) [17]
300+	Twin Falls, Idaho	United States	5.878 (2021) [16]	116,645 (2021) [427]
300+	Tyler, TX MSA	United States	14.729 (2022) [16]	241,922 (2022) [17]
300+	Uberlandia	Brazil	14.728 (2011) [35]	604,013 (2010) [428]
300+	Ulm	Germany	26.464 (2020) [5]	126,949 (2021) [429]
300+	Uppsala	Sweden	19.237 (2020) [5]	388,394 (2020) [430]
182	Urban Honolulu, HI MSA	United States	74.422 (2022) [16]	995,638 (2022) [17]
267	Ürümqi	China	48.385 (2020) [29] [94]	4,054,369 (2020) [95]
300+	Utica-Rome, NY MSA	United States	15.115 (2022) [16]	288,668 (2022) [17]
155	Utrecht	Netherlands	88.005 (2020) [5]	1,356,430 (2020) [431]
300+	Valdosta, GA MSA	United States	7.132 (2022) [16]	149,849 (2022) [17]
202	Valencia metropolitan area	Spain	64.435 (2020) [5]	1,768,205 (2020) [34]
300+	Valladolid	Spain	15.309 (2020) [5]	371,861 (2020) [432]
300+	Vallejo, CA MSA	United States	35.408 (2022) [16]	448,747 (2022) [17]
300+	Valletta	Malta	17.72 (2021) [5]	480,134 (2020) [433]
300+	Verona metropolitan area	Italy	34.169 (2020) [5]	915,975 (2020) [434]
300+	Victoria, British Columbia	Canada	16.789 (2020) [10]	409,398 (2020) [11]
300+	Victoria, TX MSA	United States	5.907 (2022) [16]	98,196 (2022) [17]
95	Vienna	Austria	165.968 (2022) [5]	3,004,660 (2020) [5]
300+	Vigo metropolitan area	Spain	22.987 (2020) [5]	321,748 (2020) [435]
300+	Vilnius urban area	Lithuania	30.915 (2022) [436] [45]	868,341 (2022) [437]
300+	Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA	United States	7.831 (2022) [16]	151,356 (2022) [17]
126	Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA	United States	116.686 (2022) [16]	1,806,840 (2022) [17]
300+	Visalia, CA MSA	United States	22.794 (2022) [16]	477,544 (2022) [17]
294	Vishakhapatnam	India	43.5 (2017) [402]	2,200,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Vitória	Brazil	28.357 (2011) [35]	1,582,418 (2010) [438]
300+	Vitoria-Gasteiz	Spain	13.403 (2020) [5]	253,996 (2020) [439]
300+	Waco, TX MSA	United States	16.276 (2022) [16]	283,885 (2022) [17]
300+	Wagga Wagga	Australia	4.392 (2018–19) [20]	56,442 (2018) [158]
300+	Walla Walla, WA MSA	United States	4.134 (2022) [16]	61,890 (2022) [17]
300+	Warner Robins, GA MSA	United States	9.812 (2022) [16]	198,193 (2022) [17]
107	Warsaw metropolitan area	Poland	135.343 (2022) [76]	2,350,000 (2021) [26]
10	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA	United States	792.751 (2022) [16]	6,373,756 (2022) [17]
300+	Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA	United States	11.824 (2022) [16]	167,889 (2022) [17]
300+	Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA	United States	7.598 (2022) [16]	116,637 (2022) [17]
300+	Wausau-Weston, WI MSA	United States	12.065 (2022) [16]	166,334 (2022) [17]
293	Weihai	China	43.753 (2020) [29] [127]	2,906,548 (2020) [128]
300+	Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA	United States	7.446 (2022) [16]	114,235 (2022) [17]
300+	Wellington	New Zealand	26.607 (2022) [440]	440,900 (2022) [19]
300+	Wenatchee, WA MSA	United States	8.355 (2022) [16]	124,118 (2022) [17]
122	Wenzhou	China	119.2 (2022) [441]	5,050,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Wetzlar	Germany	9.957 (2020) [5]	278,200 (2021) [442]
300+	Wheeling, WV-OH MSA	United States	12.603 (2022) [16]	136,708 (2022) [17]
300+	Wichita Falls, TX MSA	United States	7.590 (2022) [16]	149,299 (2022) [17]
290	Wichita, KS MSA	United States	43.935 (2022) [16]	650,039 (2022) [17]
300+	Williamsport, PA MSA	United States	7.040 (2022) [16]	113,104 (2022) [17]
300+	Wilmington, NC MSA	United States	20.127 (2022) [16]	300,658 (2022) [17]
300+	Winchester, VA-WV MSA	United States	9.181 (2022) [16]	146,455 (2022) [17]
300+	Windsor, Ontario	Canada	12.243 (2020) [10]	353,572 (2020) [11]
300+	Winnipeg Metropolitan Region	Canada	33.557 (2020) [10]	850,558 (2020) [11]
300+	Winston-Salem, NC MSA	United States	40.940 (2022) [16]	688,471 (2022) [17]
300+	Wollongong	Australia	5.624 (2018–19) [20]	300,332 (2018–19) [443]
217	Worcester, MA-CT MSA	United States	60.343 (2022) [16]	980,137 (2022) [17]
300+	Wrocław metropolitan area	Poland	17.387 (2020) [5]	672,929 (2021) [444]
300+	Wuhai	China	8.165 (2020) [29] [30]	556,621 (2020) [31]
40	Wuhan	China	281.000 (2022) [103]	10,800,000 (2022) [104]
240	Wuhu	China	54.412 (2020) [29]	3,644,420 (2020) [445]
90	Xi'an	China	171 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	11,600,000 (2022) [19]
152	Xiamen	China	92.557 (2020) [29] [260]	5,163,970 (2020) [261]
300+	Xiangtan	China	33.971 (2020) [29]	2,726,181 (2020) [446]
192	Xiangyang	China	66.720 (2020) [29] [134]	5,260,951 (2020) [135]
300+	Xilingol League	China	12.176 (2020) [29] [30]	1,107,075 (2020) [31]
300+	Xinyu	China	14.517 (2020) [29] [217]	1,202,499 (2020) [218]
257	Xuchang	China	50.008 (2020) [29]	4,379,998 (2020) [447]
115	Xuzhou	China	126 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	3,050,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Yakima, WA MSA	United States	13.038 (2022) [16]	257,001 (2022) [17]
300+	Yan'an	China	23.219 (2020) [29]	2,282,581 (2020) [448]
159	Yancheng	China	86.314 (2020) [29] [199]	6,709,629 (2020) [200]
156	Yangzhou	China	87.690 (2020) [29] [199]	4,559,797 (2020) [200]
103	Yantai	China	142 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	2,450,000 (2022) [19]
300+	Yerevan	Armenia	5.23 (2018) [449]	1,500,000 (2020) [15]
212	Yichang	China	61.783 (2020) [29] [134]	4,017,607 (2020) [135]
300+	Yingtan	China	14.290 (2020) [29] [217]	1,154,223 (2020) [218]
300+	York-Hanover, PA MSA	United States	25.187 (2022) [16]	461,058 (2022) [17]
300+	Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA	United States	24.990 (2022) [16]	535,499 (2022) [17]
300+	Yuba City, CA MSA	United States	8.608 (2022) [16]	182,813 (2022) [17]
227	Yueyang	China	58.015 (2020) [29]	5,051,922 (2020) [450]
222	Yulin, Shaanxi	China	59.293 (2020) [29]	3,624,750 (2020) [451]
300+	Yuma, AZ MSA	United States	9.883 (2022) [16]	207,842 (2022) [17]
300+	Yuxi	China	29.840 (2020) [29] [236]	2,249,502 (2020) [237]
300+	Zagreb metropolitan area	Croatia	29.63 (2021) [5]	1,189,279 (2021) [452]
300+	Zaragoza metropolitan area	Spain	29.702 (2020) [5]	681,877 (2020) [453]
194	Zhangzhou	China	65.903 (2020) [29] [260]	5,054,328 (2020) [261]
72	Zhengzhou	China	192 (2022) [96] [97] [98]	8,950,000 (2022) [19]
215	Zhenjiang	China	61.182 (2020) [29] [199]	3,210,418 (2020) [200]
286	Zhuzhou	China	45.029 (2020) [29]	1,330,000 (2020) [15]
249	Zibo	China	53.260 (2020) [29] [127]	4,704,138 (2020) [128]
101	Zürich Metropolitan Area	Switzerland	158.913 (2020) [147]	1,430,000 (2020) [15]
300+	Zwolle	Netherlands	17.936 (2020) [5]	129,840 (2021) [454]