From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of
Austrian scientists and scientists from the Austria of
Austria-Hungary.
Economists
-
Siegfried Becher, economist and government minister
-
Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
-
Ernst Fehr
-
Simon Gächter
-
Friedrich Hayek, economist and social scientist,
Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974
-
Rudolf Hilferding (1877-1941), Marxist and politician (murdered by the
Gestapo in Paris)
-
Leopold Kohr, economist
-
Carl Menger, founder of the
Austrian School of economics
-
Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist
-
Oskar Morgenstern, co-founder of
game theory
-
Martin Nowak
-
Joseph Schumpeter, economist (neoclassical), born in
Triech,
Austria-Hungary
-
Othmar Spann, economist and philosopher
-
Friedrich von Wieser, economist (regarded as follower of the
Austrian School of economics)
Engineers, inventors
-
Carlo Abarth,
motorcycle racer and car designer
-
Igo Etrich (1879-1967), aviation pioneer and pilot
-
Anselm Franz, pioneer in
jet engine engineering
-
Gaston Glock, inventor, founder of
GLOCK GmbH
-
Claire Gmachl,
quantum cascade laser and
mid-IR technologies pioneer
-
Eduard Haas, inventor of
Pez candy
-
Ingeborg Hochmair, electrical engineer who developed the modern
cochlear implant
-
Viktor Kaplan, inventor of turbines for river power plants
-
Wilhelm Kress, aviation pioneer, inventor of the stick control for airplanes
-
Hedy Lamarr, known for research in frequencies, needed for mobile phones
-
Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer (vehicles of 1870 and 1889), lived most of his life in Austria
-
Alois Negrelli, engineer and railroad pioneer (created the plans for the
Suez Canal)
-
Ferdinand Porsche, automotive engineer, designed the
Volkswagen (the "people's car"), born in
Austria-Hungary
-
Johann Puch, engineer and entrepreneur
-
Josef Ressel, inventor of the marine screw propeller
-
Edmund Rumpler, engineer, aviation pioneer
-
Alois Senefelder, inventor of the printing technique of
Lithography
-
Nikola Tesla, inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer (prior to moving to Paris in 1882)
-
Max Valier, rocketry pioneer
-
Auer von Welsbach, inventor of gaslight
Philosophers
-
Nathan Birnbaum, philosopher (created the word "
Zionism")
-
Franz Brentano, philosopher and psychologist
-
Martin Buber (1878-1965), philosopher, born in
Vienna
-
Christian von Ehrenfels, philosopher
-
Herbert Feigl, philosopher (member of the
Vienna Circle)
-
Paul Feyerabend (died 1994), philosopher
-
Philipp Frank, philosopher and physicist (member of the
Vienna Circle)
-
Heinrich Gomperz (1873-1942), philosopher, born in Vienna
-
Edmund Husserl, philosopher (born in Prossnitz,
Austria-Hungary)
-
Victor Kraft, philosopher
-
Nachman Krochmal, philosopher, historian and theologian
-
Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher (theory of objects)
-
Otto Neurath, socialist, economist and philosopher
-
Karl Popper, philosopher (born in Austria, became British)
-
Moritz Schlick, philosopher (member of the
Vienna Circle)
-
Othmar Spann, philosopher and economist
-
Rudolf Steiner, mystic and philosopher
-
Friedrich Waismann, mathematician, philosopher and physicist (member of the
Vienna Circle)
-
Otto Weininger, philosopher
-
Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher, born 1889 in
Vienna
Physicians
-
Alfred Adler, psychiatrist, father of
Individual Psychology
-
Hans Asperger, pediatrician (most known for work on
autism,
Asperger syndrome named for him)
-
Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809), physician (method of
percussion)
-
Robert Bárány, physician, 1914
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
-
Georg Joseph Beer, physician (forerunner in
ophthalmology)
-
Lorenz Böhler, physician
-
Josef Breuer, psychiatrist (forerunner in
psychoanalysis)
-
Carl Cori, born in Prague,
Austria-Hungary, physician,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947
-
Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben, physician and poet
-
Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, physician and physiologist (studies of nerves and the brain)
-
Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist, father of
logotherapy
-
Sigmund Freud, psychiatrist, father of
psychoanalysis
-
Karl von Frisch, physician,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
-
Otto Gross, physician and revolutionist
-
Josef Hyrtl, anatomist
-
Nicolaus Joseph Jacquin, physician and botanist
-
Eric Kandel, neuropsychiatrist (born Vienna, emigrated to the US)
-
Leo Kanner, child psychiatrist
-
Fritz Köberle, physician (emigrated to
Brazil)
-
Karl Landsteiner (1886-1943), physician, serologist,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
-
Franz Mesmer (1734-1815), physician, developed an early form of hypnotism
-
Ernst Moro, physician and pediatrician
-
Paracelsus (real name: Theophrast von Hohenheim), alchemist and physician
-
Clemens von Pirquet, pediatrician and scientist in bacteriology and immunology
-
Karl Pribram, physician, neuroscientist, originator of
Holonomic brain theory
-
Carl Rabl, anatomist
-
Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), psychiatrist
-
Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), Austrian psychiatrist (
presuicidal syndrome)
-
Hans Selye, physician (emigrated to Canada)
-
Ignaz Semmelweis, physician (born in Hungary, Austria-Hungary)
-
Hans Steiner, child and adolescent psychiatrist
-
Julius Wagner-Jauregg, physician,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
-
Rudolf Wlassak, physiologist and neurologist 1865-1930
Physicists, mathematicians and chemists
-
Emil Artin, mathematician (
Artin's conjecture)
-
Norbert Bischofberger, chemist
-
Wilhelm Blaschke, mathematician
-
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), physicist, born in
Vienna
-
Fritjof Capra, physicist
-
Christian Andreas Doppler, physicist, 1803-1853, born in
Salzburg (See
Doppler effect)
-
Paul Ehrenfest, physicist and mathematician
-
Heinz Falk, chemist
-
Kurt Gödel, mathematician (born in
Austria-Hungary, became a naturalized US citizen)
-
Thomas Gold,
astrophysicist,
geophysicist, controversial for '
steady state' view of cosmos and
abiogenic petroleum origin theory
-
Wolfgang Gröbner, mathematician (best known for Gröbner basis)
-
Hans Hahn, mathematician (member of the
Vienna Circle)
-
Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Haidinger, physicist, geologist and mineralogist of the 19th century
-
Friedrich Hasenöhrl, physicist
-
Victor Franz Hess, physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics
-
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, chemist
-
Walter Kohn,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998
-
Karl Kordesch, chemist and inventor
-
Anton Schrötter von Kristelli, chemist and mineralogist (red phosphor)
-
Richard Kuhn, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938
-
Johann Josef Loschmidt, physicist and chemist
-
Ernst Mach, physicist and philosopher (
Mach number)
-
Lise Meitner, physicist
-
Karl Menger, mathematician (
Menger's theorem,
Menger sponge); son of
Carl Menger)
-
Ronald Micura, chemist
-
Richard von Mises, physicist (younger brother of
Ludwig von Mises)
-
Otto E. Neugebauer, mathematician and astronomer
-
Wolfgang Pauli, physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
-
Max Ferdinand Perutz, chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
-
Josef Maximilian Petzval, physicist and mathematician
-
Fritz Pregl, chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923
-
Johann Radon, mathematician
-
Otto Redlich, physical chemist
-
Leopold Ružička (born in
Croatia,
Austria-Hungary in 1887), chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944
-
Karl Schlögl, chemist
-
Erwin Schrödinger, physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics
-
Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze, mathematician
-
Leopold Vietoris (1891-2002), mathematician
-
Victor Frederick Weisskopf, physicist (worked on the
Manhattan Project)
-
Carl Auer von Welsbach, chemist
-
Anton Zeilinger, physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
-
Gernot Zippe, physicist (developed
Zippe-type centrifuge to extract Uranium-235 for nuclear weapons)
-
Mario Zippermayr, physicist, inventor of the
thermobaric weapon
-
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925
Psychologists
Other scientists
-
Ludwig von Bertalanffy, biologist, systems theory
-
Othenio Abel, paleontologist
-
Max Adler (1873-1937), jurist and Marxist author
-
Christopher Alexander, architectural theorist
-
Wilhelm Alzinger, archeologist
-
Oscar Baumann, philosopher, explorer, ethnologist and geographer
-
Heinz von Foerster, physicist and philosopher (working in the field of cybernetics)
-
Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, orientalist
-
Julius Hann, meteorologist
-
Hans Hass, biologist
-
Wolf-Dieter Heiss, neuroscientist
-
Thomas Henzinger, computer scientist, founding president of the
IST Austria
-
Hans Kelsen, jurist; father of the
Austrian constitution
-
Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, social scientist
-
Otto Loewi, pharmacologist,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born in Germany, but spent 40 years in Austria, from age 25-65)
-
Konrad Lorenz, zoologist,
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
-
Gregor Mendel, pioneer of genetics
-
August Emanuel von Reuss, paleontologist
-
Rupert Riedl, zoologist
-
Joseph Rock, explorer, geographer, botanist and linguist
See also