Chemist, physician and botanist from the Netherlands
"Jacq." redirects here. For other uses, see
Jacq .
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin
[1] (16 February 1727 – 26 October 1817) was a scientist who studied
medicine ,
chemistry and
botany .
Biography
Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum Historia , 1780,
National Library of Poland .
Haemanthus pubescens
L. , Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin 1798
Born in
Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at
Leiden University , then moved first to Paris and afterward to
Vienna . In 1752, he studied under
Gerard van Swieten in Vienna.
[2]
Between 1755 and 1759, Jacquin was sent to the West Indies, Central America, Venezuela and New Granada by
Francis I to collect plants for the
Schönbrunn Palace , and amassed a large collection of animal, plant and mineral samples. In 1797,
Alexander von Humboldt profited from studying these collections and conversing with Jacquin in preparation of his own journey to the Americas.
[3]
In 1763, Jacquin became professor of chemistry and
mineralogy at the
Bergakademie Schemnitz (now
Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). In 1768, he was appointed Professor of Botany and Chemistry and became director of the
botanical gardens of the
University of Vienna . For his work, he received the title
Edler in 1774. In 1783, he was elected a foreign member of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 1806, he was created a baron. In 1809, he became a correspondent of the Royal Institute, which later became the
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences .
[4]
His younger son, Emil Gottfried (1767–1792), and his daughter, Franziska (1769–1850), were friends of
Mozart ; Mozart wrote two songs for Gottfried to publish under Gottfried's name ("
Als Luise ... ",
K. 520, and "
Das Traumbild ", K. 530) and gave piano lessons to Franziska. Mozart dedicated a considerable number of his works to the Jacquin family, notably the
Kegelstatt Trio . This was first played at the Jacquins' house in August 1786 with Franziska playing the piano.
His son
Joseph Franz (1766–1839) succeeded him as professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Vienna and wrote several notable botanical books.
Von Jacquin died in Vienna.
He is commemorated by the genera
Jacquinia (
Theophrastaceae ) and
Jacquiniella (
Orchidaceae ). In 2011, the Austrian Mint issued silver coins to mark his science expeditions to the Caribbean.
[5]
Publications
Enumeratio systematica plantarum (1760)
[7]
Enumeratio Stirpium Plerarumque (1762)
Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum (1763)
[8]
Observationum Botanicarum (
part 1 1764,
part 2 1767,
part 3 1768,
part 4 1771)
Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis (3 volumes, 1770–1776) with plates by
Franz Anton von Scheidel
[9]
Florae Austriacae (5 volumes, 1773–1778)
[10]
Icones Plantarum Rariorum (3 volumes, 1781–1793)
[11]
Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis (4 volumes, 1797–1804)
[12]
Fragmenta Botanica 1804–1809 (1809)
[13]
Nicolai Josephi Jacquin collectaneorum supplementum ...
Oxalis :Monographia iconibus illustrata
Dreyhundert auserlesene amerikanische Gewächse nach linneischer Ordnung (with Zorn, Johannes)
Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna 1783
Digital edition by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf
Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna, 2nd. ed. 1785
Digital edition by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf
See also
Notes
^ Regarding personal names:
Freiherr is a former title (translated as
Baron ). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin .
^
Santiago Madriñán, Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin's American Plants , Brill, 2013, p. 9.
^
Daum, Andreas (2019). Alexander von Humboldt . Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 36–37, 42, 69.
ISBN
978-3-406-73436-6 .
^
"Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817)" . Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2015 .
^
"Austrian Mint Issues Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin 20€ Silver Coin" .
Coin Update News . Retrieved 8 March 2011 .
^
International Plant Names Index .
Jacq .
^ Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph (4 June 1760).
Enumeratio systematica plantarum . Theodor Haak.
^
"Selectarum stirpium Americanarum historia, in qua ad Linnaeanum systema determinatae descriptaeque sistuntur plantae illae, quas in insulis Martinica, Jamaica, Domingo aliisque et in vicinae continentis parte, observavit rariores; adjectis iconibus ad autoris archetypa pictis :: Latin American plant literature" . mertzdigital.nybg.org .
^
Details – Hortus botanicus vindobonensis, seu, Plantarum rariorum, quae in Horto botanico vindobonensi ... :coluntur, icones coloratae et succinctae descriptiones / – Biodiversity Heritage Library . Leopold Joannis Kaliwoda. 1770.
^
Details – Florae Austriacae, sive, Plantarum selectarum in Austriae archiducatu :sponte crescentium icones, ad vivum coloratae, et descriptionibus, ac synonymis illustratae / – Biodiversity Heritage Library . Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda. 1773.
^
Details – Icones plantarum rariorum / – Biodiversity Heritage Library . C. F. Wappler. 1781.
^
Details – Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones / – Biodiversity Heritage Library . C. F. Wappler. 1797.
^ Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph (1800).
Fragmenta botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata . Mathias Andreas Schmidt.
External links
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