Languages spoken in Cameroon
Knowledge of French in Cameroon in 2005, according to the
OIF .
[1] In 2005 18% of the population were "real" French speakers and another 26.8% were "partial French speakers". Both figures are estimations.
Map of Cameroon's
official languages . Blue: French speaking regions and countries. Red: English speaking regions and countries. Grey: Trilingual
Spanish ,
Portuguese and French speaking country (
Equatorial Guinea ).
Map of the region's
indigenous languages .
Cameroon is home to at least 250 languages,
[2]
[3] with some accounts reporting around 600.
[4] These include 55
Afro-Asiatic languages , two
Nilo-Saharan languages , four
Ubangian languages , and 169
Niger–Congo languages . This latter group comprises one
Senegambian language (
Fulfulde ), 28
Adamawa languages , and 142
Benue–Congo languages (130 of which are
Bantu languages ).
[5]
French and
English are official languages, a heritage of Cameroon's
colonial past as a colony of both
France and the
United Kingdom from 1916 to 1961. Eight out of the ten
regions of Cameroon are primarily
francophone , representing 83% of the country's population, and two are
anglophone , representing 17%. The official percentage of French and English speakers by the Presidency of Cameroon is estimated to be 70% and 30% respectively.
[6]
Cameroon is a
Francophone country, and in 2023, French is spoken by 11.8 million people out of 28.7 million (41.17%).
[7]
The nation strives toward
bilingualism , but in reality very few (11.6%) Cameroonians are literate in both French and English, and 28.8% are literate in neither.
[8] The government has established several bilingual schools in an effort to teach both languages more evenly; however, in reality most of these schools separate the anglophone and francophone sections and therefore do not provide a true bilingual experience.
[9] Cameroon is a member of both the
Commonwealth of Nations and La
Francophonie .
German , the country's official language during the German colonial period until World War I, has nowadays almost entirely yielded to its two successors. However, as a foreign language subject German still enjoys huge popularity among pupils and students, with 300,000 people learning or speaking German in Cameroon in 2010. Today, Cameroon is one of the African countries with the highest number of people with knowledge of German.
[10]
Most people in the English-speaking
Northwest and
Southwest provinces speak
Cameroonian Pidgin English , also called Kamtok, as a lingua franca.
[11]
Fulfulde serves the same function in the north, and
Ewondo in much of the
Center ,
South , and
East provinces.
[12]
Camfranglais (or Frananglais) is a relatively new pidgin communication form emerging in urban areas and other locations where Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonians meet and interact. Popular singers have used the hybrid language and added to its popularity.
[13]
Education for the deaf in Cameroon uses
American Sign Language , introduced by the deaf American missionary
Andrew Foster .[
citation needed ]
There is little literature, radio, or television programming in native Cameroonian languages. Nevertheless, many Cameroonian languages have alphabets or other writing systems, many developed by the Christian missionary group
SIL International , who have translated the Bible, Christian hymns, and other materials. The
General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages was developed in the late 1970s as an orthographic system for all Cameroonian languages.
In the late 19th century, the
Bamum script was developed by Sultan
Ibrahim Njoya to write the
Bamum (Shüpamom) language .
[14]
Official languages
Literacy in official languages according to the 2005 census
[8] (population of age 12 and above)
Language
%
#
French (total)
57.6
6,405,981
English (total)
25.2
2,802,794
French only
46.0
5,112,479
English only
13.6
1,509,292
French and
English
11.6
1,293,502
Neither
French nor
English
28.8
3,199,221
Total
100,00
11,114,495
[15]
Literacy in official languages according to the 2005 census
[8] (population of age 15 and above)
Language
%
#
French (total)
57
5,566,339
English (total)
25
2,448,914
French only
45
4,401,333
English only
13
1,283,908
French and
English
12
1,165,006
Neither
French nor
English
30
2,909,664
Undetermined
1
85,568
Total
100,00
9,845,479
[16]
Literacy in French for individuals of age 12 and above rose from 41.3% to 57.6%
[17] between 1987 and 2005 while that of English rose from 13.4% to 25.3%.
[18] The global proportion of individuals literate in official languages has thus markedly increased between 1987 and 2005, rising from 53.3% to 71.2%.
[19]
In 2005, the probability to be literate in French while being anglophone was 0.46 while that of being literate in English while being francophone was 0.20, resulting from the predominant status of the French language in Cameroon as a whole.
Indigenous languages
Most of the 260 languages spoken in Cameroon are indigenous languages. With a population estimated in 25 million people, UNESCO classified the country as a distinctive cultural density. The
National Institute of Statistics of Cameroon reported that four percent of the indigenous languages have disappeared since 1950. Currently, ten percent of them are neglected, and seven percent of them are considered as threatened.
[20]
Ethnologue
The following list of languages in Cameroon is mostly based from
Ethnologue .
Name
Speakers
Abo
Afade
Aghem
[21]
26,700
[22]
Akoose
[23]
100,000
[22]
Akum
Ambele
Arabic, Chadian
[24]
145,000
[24]
Atong
[25]
4,200
[22]
Awing
[26]
19,000
[22]
Baba
[27]
24,500
[22]
Babanki
[28]
22,500
[22]
Bafanji
[29]
17,000
[22]
Bafaw-balong
[30]
8,400
[22]
Bafia
[31]
60,000
[22]
Bafut
[32]
105,000
[22]
Baka
[33]
40,000
[22]
Bakaka
[34]
30,000
[22]
Bakoko
[35]
50,000
[22]
Bakole
Bakundu-balue
Bakweri
Baldamu
4
Balo
Balundu-bima
[36]
106,000
[22]
Bamali
[37]
10,800
[22]
Bambalang
[38]
29,000
[22]
Bambili-Bambui
[39]
10,000
[22]
Bamenyam
[40]
4,000
[22]
Bamukumbit
[41]
12,000
[22]
Bamum (Shüpamom)
[42]
215,000
[22]
Bamunka
[43]
31,000
[22]
Bana
[44]
23,000
[22]
Bangandu
Bangolan
[45]
13,500
[22]
Bangwa
Bankon
[46]
12,000
[22]
Lamnso
Barombi
[47]
3,000
[22]
Bassa
[48]
230,000
[22]
Bassossi
[49]
5,000
[22]
Bata
Batanga
6,000
Bati
Bayangam
Beba
[50]
3,000
[22]
Bebe
Bebele
[51]
24,000
[22]
Bebil
[52]
6,000
[22]
Beezen
Befang
Bekwel
Beti
Bikya
Bishuo
Bitare
Bokyi
Bomwali
Bu
Bubia
Buduma
Bulu
[53]
858,000
[22]
Bum
[54]
21,400
[22]
Bumbung
Busam
Busuu
3
Buwal
[55]
7,000
[22]
Byep
[56]
9,500
[22]
Caka
[57]
5,000
[22]
Cung
Cuvok
[58]
5,000
[22]
Daba
[59]
24,000
[22]
Dama
Dek
Denya
[60]
11,200
[22]
Dii
[61]
47,000
[22]
Dimbong
Doyayo
[62]
18,000
[22]
Duala
[63]
87,700
[22]
Dugun
[64]
7,000
[22]
Dugwor
[65]
5,000
[22]
Duli
Duupa
[66]
5,000
[22]
Dzodinka
2,600
Efik
Ejagham
Elip
[52]
6,400
[22]
Eman
Esimbi
[67]
20,000
[22]
Eton
[68]
52,000
[22]
Evand
Ewondo
[69]
578,000
[22]
Fali
Fang
111,000
Fe'fe'
[70]
124,000
[22]
Fulfulde
12,000,000
Gaduwa
Gavar
[71]
7,000
[22]
Gbaya-Mbodomo
[72]
20,000
[22]
Ghomala
[73]
260,000
[22]
Gidar
[74]
54,000
[22]
Gyele
[75]
4,250
[22]
Gimme
[76]
3,000
[22]
Gimnime
[77]
3,000
[22]
Hausa
25,000
Hdi
[78]
25,000
[22]
Iceve-Maci
[79]
7,000
[22]
Isu
[80]
10,400
[22]
Jimi
[81]
3,500
[22]
Kako
[82]
100,000
[22]
Karang
[83]
17,000
[22]
Kemedzung
[84]
4,500
[22]
Kenswei Nsei
[85]
25,000
[22]
Kenyang
[86]
65,000
[22]
Kol
[87]
12,000
[22]
Kom
[88]
233,000
[22]
Koonzime
[89]
30,000
[22]
Kotoko
Kwasio / Ngumba
[90]
9,000
[22]
Kwakum
[91]
10,000
[22]
Kwanja
[92]
20,000
[22]
Kuk
[93]
3,000
[22]
La’bi
[94]
4,400
[22]
Laimbue
[95]
5,000
[22]
Lefa
[96]
10,000
[22]
Limbum
[97]
73,000
[22]
Ncane
[98]
15,500
[22]
Ngiemboon
[99]
250,000
Ngomba
[100]
63,000
[22]
North Giziga
[101]
20,000
[22]
North Mofu
[102]
27,500
[22]
Mafa
[103]
136,000
[22]
Makaa
[104]
80,000
[22]
Malgbe
[105]
6,000
[22]
Mambai
[106]
8,000
[22]
Mambila
[107]
30,000
[22]
Manta
[108]
5,300
[22]
Massa
Matal
[109]
18,000
[22]
Mazagway
[110]
17,000
[22]
Mbedam
[111]
6,000
[22]
Mbo
[112]
45,000
[22]
Mbum
[113]
38,600
[22]
Mbuko
[114]
13,000
[22]
Medumba
[115]
210,000
[22]
Mefele
[116]
11,000
[22]
Mendankwe-Nkwen
[117]
23,100
[22]
Mengaka
[118]
20,000
[22]
Mengisa
[119]
20,000
[22]
Menka
[120]
5,200
[22]
Merey
[121]
10,000
[22]
Mesaka
[122]
14,000
[22]
Meta'
[123]
87,000
[22]
Mfumte
[124]
24,700
[22]
Mmaala
[125]
5,300
[22]
Mmen
[126]
35,000
[22]
Mokpwe
[127]
32,200
[22]
Mousgoum
Mouse
Moghamo
Mofu-gudur
[128]
60,000
[22]
Moloko
[129]
8,500
[22]
Mpade
[130]
16,000
[22]
Mpongmpong
[131]
45,000
[22]
Mundang
Mundani
[132]
34,000
[22]
Musgu
[133]
61,500
[22]
Muyang
[134]
30,000
[22]
Nda'nda'
[135]
10,000
[22]
Ndemli
[136]
5,950
[22]
Nga'ka
[137]
50,100
[22]
Ngamambo
[138]
8,000
[22]
Ngemba
[139]
18,800
[22]
Ngie
[140]
37,000
[22]
Ngombale
[141]
45,000
[22]
Ngoshie
[142]
9,200
[22]
Ngwo
[143]
22,000
[22]
Nomaande
[144]
6,000
[22]
Noone
[145]
25,000
[22]
North Fali
[146]
16,000
[22]
Nso'
[147]
125,000
[22]
Nugunu
[148]
35,000
[22]
Nweh
[149]
73,200
[22]
Nyong
[150]
30,000
[22]
Oku
[151]
40,000
[22]
Parkwa
[152]
30,000
[22]
Peere
[153]
15,000
[22]
Pinyin
[154]
24,600
[22]
Pol
[155]
38,700
[22]
Psikye
[156]
40,500
[22]
Saari
[157]
7,000
[22]
Sharwa
[158]
5,100
[22]
So
[159]
9,000
[22]
South Fali
[160]
20,000
[22]
South Giziga
[161]
60 000
[22]
Suga
[162]
10,000
[22]
Tikar
[163]
25,000
[22]
Tigon Mbembe
[164]
36,000
[22]
Toupouri
[165]
125,000
[22]
Tunen
[166]
35,300
[22]
Tuki
[167]
26,000
[22]
Usaghade
[168]
10,000
[22]
Vame
[169]
8,500
[22]
Vengo
[170]
27,000
[22]
Vute
[171]
20,000
[22]
Wandala
[172]
23,500
[22]
Weh
[173]
6,900
[22]
Wushi
[174]
25,000
[22]
Wumboko
[175]
4,000
[22]
Wuzlam
[176]
10,500
[22]
Yabassi
Yamba
[177]
40,800
[22]
Yambeta
[178]
3,700
[22]
Yemba
[179]
300,000
[22]
Zulgo-Gemzek
[180]
26,000
[22]
Mousgoum, Massa, Kotoko, and Mousseye are spoken on the
Logone River in the Far North.
[22]
Gyele
[22]
Psikye
[22]
ALCAM (2012)
The Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM , or "Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon") lists about 250 languages in Cameroon. The list is provided below.
[181]
Classification
The 2012 edition of the Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM ) provides the following classification of the
Niger–Congo languages of Cameroon.
[181]
Adamawa
Samba
Daka
Kobo-Dii (Vere-Duru)
North: Doyayo, Longto
South: Peere
Mumuye
Mbum
North: Tupuri, Mundang, Mambay
South: Mbum, Pana, Kali-Dek, Kuo, Gbete, Pam, Ndai
Fali: North, South
Nimbari
Ubangian
Benue-Congo
Jukunoid : Mbembe, Njukun, Kutep, Uuhum-Gigi, Busua, Bishuo, Bikya, Kum, Beezen Nsaa
Cross River : Korop; Efik
Bendi : Boki
Bantoid (see below)
Bantoid
Mambiloid : Njoyame, Nizaa, Mambila, Kwanja, Bung, Kamkam, Vute
Tivoid : Njwande, Tiv, Iyive, Iceve, Evand, Ugare, Esimbi, Batomo, Assumbo, Eman, Caka, Ihatum, Amasi
Ekoid : Ejagham
Nyang : Denya, Kendem, Kenyang
Beboid
Western : Naki, Bu, Misong, Koshin, Muŋgɔŋ, Cuŋ
Eastern : Bebe, Kemezuŋ, Ncane, Nsari, Noone, Busuu, Bishuo, Bikya
Grassfield (see below)
Bantu (see below)
Grassfield
Western
Momo
Menchum
Ring
West : Aghem
Central : Mmen
East : Lamnso'
South : Kənswei Nsei, Niemeng, Vəŋo, Wushi
Eastern
Ngemba : Bafut, Mundum, Mankon, Bambili, Nkwen, Pinyin
Bamileke-Central : Ngomable, New; Kwa', Ghomala', Fe'fe', Nda'nda'
Noun : Mamenyan, Shüpamem, Bangolan, Cirambo, Bamali, Bafanji, Mungaka, Medumba
Northern : Limbum, Dzodinka, Yamba, Mbe', Central Mfumte, Southern Mfumte
Bantu
Jarawan : Ngoŋ-Nagumi, Mboŋa
Mbam (see below)
Equatorial : A, B, C, D (partial) (see below)
Zambeze : D (partial), E, F, G, H ,I, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S
Mbam
ex-A40b
Ndemli, Tikari
Ninyoo, Tunan, Nomande, Atomp
Nigi
Bati
ex-A60
Yambasa: Nugunu, Nuasua, Nubaca, Dumbula
Sanaga: Tuki
Equatorial Bantu
North
A
Bafia (A50) : Təbɛya, Lefa', Dimboŋ, Ripɛy, Rikpa
B
Coastal
A10 : Oroko (West, East dialects), Lifɔ'-Balɔŋ, Nsose, Akoose
A20 : Bakɔlɛ, Wumbuko, Mokpwe, Isu, Bubia; Duala
A30 : Yasa, Batanga
Basaa-Beti (A40, A70) : Bankon, Basaa, Bakoko; Bəti-Faŋ, Bəmbələ, Bəbil
Meka (A80) : Məkaa, Sɔ, Bikele, Kwasio, Bagyɛli, Kɔɔzime, Mpo
Kakɔ (A90) : Polri, Kwakum, Kakɔ
South : B, C, D (partial)
See also
References
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as
at
au
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ay
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ba
bb
bc
bd
be
bf
bg
bh
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bj
bk
bl
bm
bn
bo
bp
bq
br
bs
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bu
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bw
bx
by
bz
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cb
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cf
cg
ch
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cl
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cn
co
cp
cq
cr
cs
ct
cu
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cw
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cz
da
db
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df
dg
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dj
dk
dl
dm
dn
do
dp
dq
dr
ds
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du
dv
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dy
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ea
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"Language Representative Counts" . people.umass.edu . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Akoose" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
a
b
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^
"Atong" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Awing" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Supapya" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Babanki" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Bafanji" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bafaw-Balong" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bafia" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Bafut" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Baka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Bakaka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Bakoko" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Oroko" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Bamali" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bambalang" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Bambili-Bambui" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bamenyam" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
"Bassossi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Beba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bebele" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
a
b
"Elip" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Bulu" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Bum" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Buwal" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Byep" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Caka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Cuvok" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Daba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Denya" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Dii" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Doyayo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Duala" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Dugun" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Dugwor" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Duupa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Esimbi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Eton" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ewondo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Fe'fe' " . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Gavar" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Gbaya-Mbodomo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Ghomálá' " . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Gidar" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Gyele" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Gimme" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Gimnime" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Hdi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Iceve-Maci" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Isu" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Jimi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kako" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Karang" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kemedzung" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kenswei Nsei" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Kenyang" . Ethnologue.com . Retrieved 2017-08-26 .
^
"Kol" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kom" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Koonzime" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Kwasio" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kwakum" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Kwanja" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Kuk" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"La'bi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Laimbue" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Lefa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Limbum" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Nchane" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Ngiemboon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ngomba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Giziga, North" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Mofu, North" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Mafa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Makaa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Malgbe" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mambai" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mambila, Cameroon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Manta" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Matal" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mazagway-Hidi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mbudum" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mbo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mbum" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mbuko" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Medumba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mefele" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mendankwe-Nkwen" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Mengaka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mengisa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Menka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Merey" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mesaka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Meta' " . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mfumte" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Mmaala" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mmen" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mokpwe" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mofu-Gudur" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Moloko" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mpade" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mpumpong" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mundani" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Musgu" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Muyang" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Nda'nda' " . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Ndemli" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Mungaka" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ngamambo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Ngemba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Ngie" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ngombale" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ngoshie" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Ngwo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Nomaande" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Noone" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Fali, North" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Lamnso' " . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Nugunu" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Ngwe" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Mubako" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Oku" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Parkwa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Pere" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Pinyin" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Pol" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Psikye" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Sari" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Sharwa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Swo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Fali, South" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"South Giziga" . Ethnologue . 2019-11-19. Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Nizaa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Tikar" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Mbembe, Tigon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
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"Tupuri" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Tunen" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Tuki" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
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"Usaghade" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
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"Vame" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
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"Vengo" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Vute" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Wandala" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Weh" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Wushi" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
"Wumboko" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Wuzlam" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Yamba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Yambeta" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-11 .
^
"Yemba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^
"Zulgo-Gemzek" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2020-10-10 .
^
a
b Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon ]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA.
ISBN
9789956796069 .
Sources
External links
Official languages Major languages Pidgins Indigenous languages Sign languages Immigrant languages
Sovereign states States with limited recognition
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