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Keiō (慶応, historically 慶應) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, literally "year name") after Genji and before Meiji. The period spanned the years from May 1865 to October 1868. ^[1] The reigning emperors were Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇) and Meiji-tennō (明治天皇).

Change of era

• May 1, 1865 (Genji 2/Keiō 1, 7th day of the 4th month) Keiō gannen (慶応元年): The new era name of Keiō (meaning "Jubilant Answer") was created to mark the Kinmon Incident. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genji 2.

Events of the Keiō era

• 1866 (Keiō 2): Goryōkaku completed
• August 29, 1866 (Keiō 2, 20th day of the 7th month): Shōgun Iemochi died at Osaka; and the bakufu petitioned that Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu should be appointed as his successor. ^[2]
• January 10, 1867 (Keiō 2, 5th day of the 12th month): Yoshinobu was appointed shōgun. ^[2]
• January 30, 1867 (Keiō 2, 25th day of the 12th month): Emperor Komei died. ^[2]
• February 13, 1867 (Keiō 3, 9th day of the 1st month): Mutsuhito ascended to the throne as Emperor Meiji. ^[3]
• November 10, 1867 (Keiō 3, 15th day of the 10th month): An Imperial edict was issued sanctioning the restoration of Imperial government. ^[2]
• January 6, 1868 (Keiō 3, 10th day of the 12th month): ^[4] The restoration of the Imperial government was announced to the kuge. The year 1868 began as Keio 3, and did not become Meiji 1 until the 8th day of the 9th month of Keio 4, i.e., October 23; although retrospectively, it was quoted as the first year of the new era from 25 January onwards. ^[2]
• January 27, 1868 (Keiō 4, 3rd of the 1st month): The Boshin War begins with the Battle of Toba–Fushimi.
• September 3, 1868 (Keiō 4, 17th day of the 7th month): Edo was renamed "Tokyo", i.e. meaning "Eastern Capital". ^[5]
• October 8, 1868 (Keiō 4, 23rd of the 8th month): Battle of Aizu begins.
• October 12, 1868 (Keiō 4, 27th day of the 8th month): Emperor Meiji is crowned in the Shishin-den in Kyoto. ^[6]
• October 23, 1868 (Keiō 4/Meiji 1, 8th day of the 9th month): The nengō is formally changed from Keiō to Meiji; and a general amnesty is granted. ^[6] The adoption of the Meiji nengō was done retroactively to January 25, 1868 (Keiō 4/Meiji 1, 1st day of the 1st month).

Keio University

Keio University, which was initially established in 1858 ( Ansei 5), seven years before the beginning of the Keiō era, is named after this era. This is the oldest existing institution of higher learning in Japan. ^[7]

See also

• Keiō Reforms

Notes

References

• Keene, Donald (2002). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912. Columbia University Press. ISBN  978-0231123402. OCLC  46731178.
• Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Translated by Käthe Roth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN  978-0-674-01753-5. OCLC  48943301. n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
• Ozaki, Yukio (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan. Translated by Fujiko Hara. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN  9780691050959. OCLC  45363447.
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC  559477127.

External links

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" ...historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
• National Archives of Japan ...Scroll image showing precise reproduction of Imperial standard and colors, Boshin War (1868)
• Toyohara Chikanobu, Mirror of the Ages (Jidai Kagami): Keiō no koro.