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Ōei (応永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Meitoku and before Shōchō. This period spanned the years from July 1394 through April 1428. ^[1] Reigning emperors were Go-Komatsu-tennō (後小松天皇,) and Shōkō-tennō (称光天皇). ^[2]

Change of era

• 1394 Ōei gannen (応永元年): The new era name was created because of plague. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Meitoku 5, the 5th day of the 7th month.

Events of the Ōei era

• 1394 (Ōei 1): Yoshimitsu officially cedes his position to his son; ^[3]
• 1396 (Ōei 3): Imagawa Sadayo dismissed. ^[4]
• 1397 (Ōei 4): Uprising in Kyūshū suppressed. ^[5]
• May 13, 1397 (Ōei 4, 16th day of the 4th month): Construction begun on Kinkaku-ji. ^[6]
• 1397 (Ōei 4, 8th month): an Imperial ambassador is dispatched from Emperor Go-Komatsu to the court of the Hongwu Emperor of China. ^[6]
• September 1398 (Ōei 5, 8th month): In the early autumn in the 6th year of the reign of King Taejong of Joseon, a diplomatic mission was sent to Japan. ^[7] Pak Ton-chi and his retinue arrived in Kyoto. Shōgun Yoshimochi presented the envoy with a formal diplomatic letter; and presents were given for the envoy to convey to the Joseon court. ^[8]
• 1398 (Ōei 5) Muromachi administration organized. ^[5]
• November 18, 1399 (Ōei 6, 28th day of the 10th month): Ōei Rebellion [ ja] (応永の乱, Ōei no ran) begins. Ōuchi Yoshihiro raises an army against shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu; and the Ashikaga forces prevail against this opposition. ^[9]
• 1399 (Ōei 6): Ōuchi Yoshihiro and Ashikaga Mitsukane rebel—Ōei War. ^[5]
• 1401 (Ōei 8, 2nd month): The Imperial Palace was burned. ^[10]
• 1401 (Ōei 8): Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission to the court of the Jianwen Emperor of China as a tentative first step in re-initiating trade between Japan and Ming China. The letter conveyed to the Emperor of China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold and diverse objects. ^[10]
• 1402 (Ōei 9): A letter from the Jianwen Emperor of China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal communication mistakenly accords the title "king of Japan" to the Japanese shōgun. ^[11]
• 1402 (Ōei 9): Uprising in Mutsu suppressed. ^[5]
• 1404 (Ōei 11): Yoshimitsu appointed Nippon Koku-Ō (King of Japan) by Chinese emperor.
• 1408 (Ōei 15): Yoshimitsu dies. ^[5]
• 1408 (Ōei 15): Yoshimochi comes into his own as a shōgun.
• 1409 (Ōei 16, 3rd month): An ambassador from the Joseon court was received in Kyoto. ^[12]
• 1409 (Ōei 16): Ashikaga Mochiuji becomes Kantō kubō. ^[5]
• 1411 (Ōei 18): Yoshimochi breaks off relations with China. ^[13]
• 1412 (Ōei 19): Emperor Shōkō was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father, Emperor Go-Komatsu. His actual coronation date was two years later. Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the daïri; but Go-Komatsu, as a Cloistered Emperor still retained direction of the court and the shōgun was charged with the general superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433. ^[14]
• 1413 (Ōei 20): Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimochi fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the Ise Shrine to pray for the return of his health. ^[15]
• 1413 (Ōei 20): Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicates; Emperor Shōkō ascends throne in repudiation of agreement; renewed hostility between shogunate and supporters of Southern Court. ^[5]
• January 29, 1415 (Ōei 21, on the 19th day of the 12th month): Enthronement of Emperor Shōkō.
• 1415 (Ōei 22): Dissension between Mochiuji, the Kantō Kubō at Kamakura, and Uesugi Zenshū ( Kanrei). ^[13]
• 1416 (Ōei 23): Uesugi rebels. ^[5]
• 1417 (Ōei 24): Uesugi's rebellion quelled by Mochiuji. ^[13]
• 1418 (Ōei 25): Rebuilding of Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province is ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimochi. ^[16]
• July 18, 1419 (Ōei 26, 26th day of the 6th month): Ōei Invasion (応永の外寇, Ōei no gaikō) was a Joseon military action in Tsushima Province ( Tsushima Island). The Joseon military forces were focused on the pirates ( wakō) which had established bases from which to raid the coastline of the Korean peninsula. More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took part in this military expedition. ^[17]
• 1420 (Ōei 27): Serious famine with great loss of life. ^[13]
• 1422 (Ōei 29): Resuragence of southern supporters. ^[5]
• 1423 (Ōei 30, 2nd month): Shōgun Yoshimochi retires in favor of his son, Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, who is 17 years old. ^[18]
• 1424 (Ōei 31): Go-Kameyama dies. ^[5]
• March 17, 1425 (Ōei 32, 27th day of the 2nd month): Shōgun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 19 years, having administered the empire for only three years. ^[19]
• 1425 (Ōei 32): After Yoshikazu dies, Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office. ^[5]
• 1428 (Ōei 35): Yoshimochi dies; Shōkō dies; Go-Hanazono ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement. ^[5]

Notes

References

• Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. ISBN  978-0-312-17370-8; OCLC  243874305
• Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN  978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
• ____________. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 3994492
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

External links

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection