The Irdin Manha Formation is a
geological formation from the
Eocene located in
Inner Mongolia , China, a few kilometres south of the Mongolian border.
[1]
Fossil content
Color key
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text ; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Mammals
U.S. paleontologists
Henry Fairfield Osborn and
Roy C. Andrews discovered two premolars on the site in 1923, and assigned the specimen to the new genus
Eudinoceras because he believed it to be related to "
Dinoceras " (now known as Uintatherium ). Within a decade, however, as more complete specimens were recovered, the animal was identified as a Mongolian relative to the North American
pantodont
Coryphodon . The expedition also lead to the discovery of the only known skull of
Andrewsarchus .
[2]
Artiodactyls
Cimolestans
Dinoceratans
Dinoceratans reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
Genus
Species
Presence
Material
Notes
Images
Gobiatherium
G. mirificum
25 miles southwest from Iren Dabasu.
[2]
Skull, jaws & limb elements.
[2]
An
uintatheriid .
Ferae
Glires
Mesonychians
Perissodactyls
Primates
Primates reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
Genus
Species
Presence
Material
Notes
Images
Tarkops
T. mckennai
Huheboerhe.
[28]
Incomplete left lower jaw (IVPP V16424).
[28]
An
omomyid .
Reptiles
Birds
Crocodilians
Crocodilians reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
Genus
Species
Presence
Material
Notes
Images
Asiatosuchus
A. grangeri
25 miles southwest of Iren Dabasu.
[32]
Portions of at least 2 individuals.
[32]
A
crocodyloid .
Testudines
Fish
See also
References
^
Irdin Manha Beds (1930 AMNH Eudinoceras site) (Eocene of China) in the
Paleobiology Database . Retrieved July 2013.
^
a
b
c
d Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Granger, Walter (August 17, 1932).
"Coryphodonts and uintatheres from the Mongolian Expedition of 1930" . American Museum Novitates (552): 1–16.
hdl :
2246/3000 .
^
a
b
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f
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l Matthew, William Diller; Granger, Walter (November 21, 1925).
"New mammals from the Irdin Manha Eocene of Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (198): 1–10.
hdl :
2246/3182 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Szalay, Frederick S.; Gould, Stephen Jay (1966).
"Asiatic Mesonychidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra)" . Bulletin of the AMNH . 132 (2).
hdl :
2246/1112 .
^ Osborn, H. F. (11 November 1924).
"Andrewsarchus, giant mesonychid of Mongolia" (PDF) .
American Museum Novitates (146).
American Museum of Natural History .
Archived from the original on 2 November 2020.
^
a
b Li, Qian; Li, Qi (2022-10-03).
"A new middle Eocene bunodont artiodactyl from the Erlian Basin (Nei Mongol, China)" . Historical Biology . 34 (10): 1941–1949.
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ISSN
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S2CID
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^
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f Coombs, Margery C.; Coombs, Walter P. (1977).
"Dentition of Gobiohyus and a Reevaluation of the Helohyidae (Artiodactyla)" . Journal of Mammalogy . 58 (3): 291–308.
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^
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b Bai, Bin; Wang, Yuan-Qing; Theodor, Jessica M.; Meng, Jin (2023).
"Small artiodactyls with tapir-like teeth from the middle Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 11 .
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ISSN
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^ Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Granger, Walter; Andrews, Roy Chapman; Matthew, William Diller (1931).
"Coryphodonts of Mongolia: Eudinoceras mongoliensis Osborn, E. kholobolchiensis sp. nov" . American Museum Novitates (459).
hdl :
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^
a
b Granger, Walter; Garber, A. Z. (April 21, 1938).
"A giant oxyaenid from the Upper Eocene of Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (969): 1–5.
hdl :
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^
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b
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d Dawson, Mary (1964).
"Late Eocene rodents (Mammalia) from Inner Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (2191).
hdl :
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h Fostowicz-Frelik, Łucja; López-Torres, Sergi; Li, Qian (2021-06-02).
"Tarsal morphology of ischyromyid rodents from the middle Eocene of China gives an insight into the group's diversity in Central Asia" . Scientific Reports . 11 (1): 11543.
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doi :
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ISSN
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PMC
8172891 .
PMID
34078948 .
^
a
b Fostowicz-Frelik, Łcja; Li, Qian (2014-12-31).
"A new genus of stem lagomorph (Mammalia: Glires) from the Middle Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" . Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia . 57 (1): 29–42.
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ISSN
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^
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b Meng, Jin; Kraatz, Brian P.; Wang, Yuanqing; Ni, Xijun; Gebo, Daniel L; Beard, K. Christopher (2009-11-30).
"A New Species of Gomphos (Glires, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" . American Museum Novitates (3670): 1–11.
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ISSN
0003-0082 .
^
a
b Fostowicz-Frelik, Łucja; Li, Chuankui; Mao, Fangyuan; Meng, Jin; Wang, Yuanqing (2015-03-30).
"A large mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of China sheds light on the evolution of lagomorphs and their kin" . Scientific Reports . 5 (1): 9394.
doi :
10.1038/srep09394 .
ISSN
2045-2322 .
PMC
4377629 .
PMID
25818513 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f Li, Qian (July 2012).
"Middle Eocene Cricetids (Rodentia, Mammalia) from The Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" . Vertebrata PalAsiatica . 50 (3): 237–244.
^
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o Li, Qian; Meng, Jin (2015).
New ctenodactyloid rodents from the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of Eocene Asian ctenodactyloids . New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History.
^
a
b Łucja, Fostowicz-Freldc; Chuankui, Li; Qian, Li; Jin, Meng; Yuanqing, Wang (March 3, 2015).
"Strenulagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) from the Middle Eocene Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" . Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition . 89 (1): 12–26.
doi :
10.1111/1755-6724.12391 .
S2CID
128886984 .
^
a
b Jin, Xun (July 2012).
"New mesonychid (Mammalia) material from the lower Paleogene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" . Vertebrata PalAsiatica . 50 (3): 245–257.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f Matthew, William Diller; Granger, Walter (November 23, 1925).
"The smaller perissodactyls of the Irdin Manha Formation, Eocene of Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (199): 1–9.
hdl :
2246/3183 .
^
a
b
c
d Wood, Horace Elmer (December 30, 1938).
"Cooperia totadentata, a remarkable rhinoceros from the Eocene of Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (1012): 1–20.
hdl :
2246/2209?show=full .
^
a
b
c Bai, Bin (2017).
New material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, and comments on related localities of the Huheboerhe area . American Museum of Natural History Library. New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History.
^
a
b
c Osborn, Henry Fairfield (October 17, 1923).
"Titanotheres and lophiodonts in Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (91): 1–5.
hdl :
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^
a
b Wang, Hai-bing; Wang, Hai-bing; Bai, Bin; Meng, Jin; Wang, Yuanqing (2018).
A new species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla, Paraceratheriidae) from northern China with a systematic revision of forstercooperiines . New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History.
^
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q Granger, Walter; Gregory, William K. (February 4, 1943).
"A revision of the Mongolian titanotheres" . Bulletin of the AMNH . 80 (10): 349–389.
hdl :
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^
a
b Wood, Horace Elmer (July 25, 1963).
"A primitive rhinoceros from the late Eocene of Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (2146): 1–11.
hdl :
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^
a
b Wall, William P.; Manning, Earl (1986).
"Rostriamynodon grangeri n. gen., n. sp. of Amynodontid (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea) with Comments on the Phylogenetic History of Eocene Amynodontidae" . Journal of Paleontology . 60 (4): 911–919.
doi :
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ISSN
0022-3360 .
JSTOR
1305081 .
S2CID
59363111 .
^
a
b Ni, Xijun; Meng, Jin; Beard, K. Christopher; Gebo, Daniel L.; Wang, Yuanqing; Li, Chuankui (2010-01-22).
"A new tarkadectine primate from the Eocene of Inner Mongolia, China: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications" . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 277 (1679): 247–256.
doi :
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ISSN
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PMC
2842661 .
PMID
19386655 .
^
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h Wetmore, Alexander (1934).
"Fossil birds from Mongolia and China" . American Museum Novitates (711): 1–16.
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^
"Division of Paleontology" . research.amnh.org . Retrieved 2023-02-05 .
^
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b Olson, S. (1974). "Telecrex Restudied: A Small Eocene Guineafowl". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology . 86 (3): 246–250.
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^
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b Mook, Charles Craig (1940).
"A new fossil crocodilian from Mongolia" . American Museum Novitates (1097): 1–3.
hdl :
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^
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b Danilov, I. G.; Sukhanov, V. B.; Syromyatnikova, E. V. (2011).
"New Asiatic materials on turtles of the family Adocidae with a review of the Adocid record in Asia" . Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS . 315 (2): 101–132.
doi :
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S2CID
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^
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b
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f Gilmore, Charles W. (1931).
"Fossil turtles of Mongolia" . Bulletin of the AMNH . 59 (4).
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^
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b
c Stucky, Richard K. (1982).
"Early Fossil Catfish from Mongolia" . Copeia . 1982 (2): 465–467.
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ISSN
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JSTOR
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^ Hussakof, Louis; Granger, Walter (1932).
"The fossil fishes collected by the Central Asiatic Expeditions" . American Museum Novitates (553).
hdl :
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