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Extinct genus of monkey
Homunculus is an extinct genus of
New World monkey that lived in
Patagonia during the
Miocene . Two species are known: Homunculus patagonicus
[2]
[3]
[4] and Homunculus vizcainoi , which are known from material found in the
Santa Cruz Formation in the far south of
Argentina .
[1]
H. patagonicus was a robustly built, quadrupedal primate, with body mass estimates varying between 1.4 and 5.9 kg (3.1 and 13.0 lb) based on different techniques.
[5]
Some authors consider
Killikaike blakei to be a junior synonym for H. patagonicus ,
[6]
[1] but others consider the species distinct.
[7]
While some studies have regarded Homunculus as a
crown group platyrhine and a member of the family
Pitheciidae , other studies have regarded it as a stem-group platyrhine outside any modern group, which is supported by the morphology of its
nasal turbinates , which are dissimilar to those of crown-group platyrhines.
[8]
Homunculus is suggested to have been primarily
frugivorous based on dental wear.
[9]
References
^
a
b
c Kay, R.F.; Perry, J.M.G. (2020).
"New primates from the Río Santa Cruz and Río Bote (Early-Middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina" . Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina . 19 (2): 230–238.
doi :
10.5710/peapa.24.08.2019.289 .
^
"Homunculus patagonicus " . The Primata. 16 November 2001. Retrieved 26 January 2012 .
^ Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (2008).
"A neotype for Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1891, and a new interpretation of the taxon" (PDF) . PaleoAnthropology (2008): 68–82. Retrieved 26 January 2012 .
^ Jonathan M.G. Perry; Richard F. Kay; Sergio F. Vizcaíno; M. Susana Bargo (2014).
"Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): Implications for the taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early platyrrhines" (PDF) . Journal of Human Evolution . 74 : 67–81.
doi :
10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.009 .
hdl :
10161/10782 .
PMID
25081638 .
^ Perry, J.M.G.; Cookea, S.B.; Runestad Connour, J.A.; Burgess, M.L.; Ruff, C.B. (2018).
"Articular scaling and body mass estimation in platyrrhines and catarrhines: Modern variation and application to fossil anthropoids" . Journal of Human Evolution . 115 (13): 20–35.
doi :
10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.008 .
PMID
29150186 .
S2CID
3545389 .
^ Perry, Jonathan M.G.; Kay, Richard F.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, M. Susana (September 2014).
"Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): Implications for the taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early platyrrhines" . Journal of Human Evolution . 74 : 67–81.
doi :
10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.009 .
hdl :
10161/10782 .
PMID
25081638 .
^ Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F; Serrano-Serrano, Martha L; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Höhna, Sebastian; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2019-01-01). Savolainen, Vincent (ed.).
"Early Arrival and Climatically-Linked Geographic Expansion of New World Monkeys from Tiny African Ancestors" . Systematic Biology . 68 (1): 78–92.
doi :
10.1093/sysbio/syy046 .
ISSN
1063-5157 .
PMC
6292484 .
PMID
29931325 .
^ Lundeen, Ingrid K.; Kay, Richard F. (June 2022).
"Unique nasal turbinal morphology reveals Homunculus patagonicus functionally converged on modern platyrrhine olfactory sensitivity" . Journal of Human Evolution . 167 : 103184.
doi :
10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103184 .
PMID
35462071 .
S2CID
248328939 .
^ Li, Peishu; Morse, Paul E.; Kay, Richard F. (July 2020).
"Dental topographic change with macrowear and dietary inference in Homunculus patagonicus" . Journal of Human Evolution . 144 : 102786.
doi :
10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786 .
Homunculus Homunculus patagonicus