The ancestors of these pikas migrated from
Eurasia to
North America during the Early Pleistocene via the
Bering Land Bridge, along with another group of small pikas close to the "O. pusilla group". This migration was separate from that of O. spanglei,[8] which entered North America approximately three million years earlier at the
Miocene-
Pliocene boundary.[9]
Western Siberia,[8] but [9] mentions only Ochotona as occurring there.
Biology
The giant pika is much larger than other
North Americanpikas, but is of a similar size to the extinct early and middle Pleistocene O. complicidens and
extantO. koslowi (
Koslov's pika), both from
China, and may belong to the same species as one of them.[7] Unlike the
American pika (O. princeps), which inhabits scree slopes, the giant pika's habitat was largely
tundra and
steppe, similar to Eurasian pikas.[7]
The last occurrence of the giant pika is known from early the
Holocene of eastern North America (a
cave at
Elba in the
Niagara Escarpment,
Ontario[6]) and its
radiometric date is 8670±220 years
BP (
14C age) or 10251-9140 BP (calibrated date).[6][12] It is possible that it survived in the rocky areas along the Niagara Escarpment as a
relict population.[4][6]
Notes
^Common name: giant pika - i.e. Harington 1978,[3] Harington 2003,[4] Mead 1987,[5] according to Harington 2003[4] also Mead 1996.[6]
^The Paleobiology Database collections: Old Crow River Lower OCR 11 (Pleistocene of Canada)[pdb 8][pdb 2] and Lower OCR 12 (Pleistocene of Canada).[pdb 9][pdb 2]
^The Paleobiology Database collection: Old Crow River site 14N (Pleistocene of Canada).[pdb 10][pdb 6]
^The Paleobiology Database collection: Old Crow River Locality 44 (Pleistocene of Canada).[pdb 11][pdb 3][pdb 4]
^The Paleobiology Database collection: Thistle Creek (Pleistocene of Canada).[pdb 12][pdb 5]
^The Paleobiology Database collection: Cape Deceit (Pleistocene of the United States).[pdb 13][pdb 1]"
^
abcdefghErbajeva, Margarita A.; Mead, Jim I.; Swift, Sandra L. (2003).
"Evolution and development of Asian and North American ochotonids"(PDF). Occasional Papers in Earth Sciences No. 5: 33–34. Archived from
the original(PDF) on March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. 3rd INTERNATIONAL MAMMOTH CONFERENCE, 2003: PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS, Edited by John E. Storer
^
abcStorer, J. E. (2004). "A Middle Pleistocene (late Irvingtonian) mammalian fauna from Thistle Creek, Klondike Goldfields region of Yukon Territory, Canada". Paludicola. 4 (4): 137–150.
^
abStorer, J. E. (2004). "A Middle Pleistocene (late Irvingtonian) mammalian fauna from Thistle Creek, Klondike Goldfields region of Yukon Territory, Canada". Paludicola. 4 (4): 137–150.