Germany has officially participated in every
Eurovision Song Contest since its inaugural edition in
1956, except in
1996 when its entry did not qualify past the audio-only pre-selection round, and consequently was not seen in the broadcast final and does not count as one of Germany's 66 appearances. No other country has been represented as many times. Along with
France,
Italy,
Spain and the
United Kingdom, Germany is one of the "
Big Five" countries that are automatically prequalified for the final, due to being the largest financial contributors to the
European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The final is broadcast in Germany on
ARD's flagship channel, Das Erste.
Germany first won the contest in
1982, when
Nicole won with "
Ein bißchen Frieden". The second German victory came 28 years later at the
2010 contest, when
Lena won with "
Satellite".
Katja Ebstein, who finished third in
1970 and
1971, then second in
1980, is the only performer to have made the top three on three occasions. Germany has a total of 11 top three placements, also finishing second with
Lena Valaitis (
1981) and twice with the group
Wind (
1985 and
1987), and finishing third with
Mary Roos (
1972),
Mekado (
1994) and
Sürpriz (
1999). Germany has finished last on ten occasions, receiving nul points in
1964,
1965 and
2015.
While having not reached the top-ten in 13 of the last 19 contests (2005–23),
Michael Schulte achieved Germany's second-best result of the 21st century, by finishing fourth at the
2018 contest. Although German contestants have had varied levels of success, public interest remains high and the contest is one of the most-watched events each year.[1]
History
The Federal Republic of Germany has participated in the contest since its inception in
1956.[2] Before
German reunification in 1990, the country was occasionally presented as "
West Germany". The German Democratic Republic (
East Germany) did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, and instead took part in the
Intervision Song Contest.
With one win (
1982) and four second-place results (
1980,
1981,
1985 and
1987), Germany was the second most successful country in the contest in the 1980s, behind Ireland, who had two wins in the decade.
1996 absence
ARD had selected an artist and song to represent them at the
1996 contest, to be held in
Oslo, Norway. Due to the large number of countries wanting to compete at Eurovision, the EBU determined that only 23 of the 30 countries could compete. Hosts Norway qualified automatically, the other 29 songs went into an audio-only pre-qualification round, with the top 22 going on to compete alongside Norway in Oslo. Unfortunately for Germany, its entry,
Leon with "Planet of Blue", failed to earn enough points to progress to the final, finishing 24th. ARD and the EBU were not happy with this, as Germany was the biggest financial contributor at the time. This is the only time that Germany has been absent from the contest.
2000s
In the 2000s, Germany has been notable for their adoption of musical styles which are not typical of Eurovision, such as
country and western (
Texas Lightning – "
No No Never" in
2006) and
swing (
Roger Cicero – "Frauen regier'n die Welt" in
2007 and Alex Swings Oscar Sings – "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" in
2009). Germany had some successes throughout the decade,
Lou - "Let's Get Happy" came in 11th place out of 26 in
2003. Germany tied for last in
2008 for points, but was awarded 23rd of 25 places when the results were posted. In 2009, ARD held an internal selection for the first time since 1995 due to lack of interest and viewing figures of the German national finals.[3]Alex Christensen and
Oscar Loya were selected to represent Germany at the 2009 contest, where they performed on stage with burlesque artist
Dita Von Teese. However they only managed to receive 35 points, placing 20th of 25 competing countries.
2010s
In
2010, ARD approached former entrant and songwriter
Stefan Raab and private network
ProSieben to co-operate in finding a winning entry for the country. It has been said that Raab was approached due to his good record at the contest, finishing 5th in
2000 as well as writing entries in
1998 and
2004, which finished 7th and 8th, respectively. Raab agreed and conducted a TV casting show called Unser Star für Oslo which was broadcast on ARD and ProSieben. A winner arose in
Lena Meyer-Landrut with "
Satellite", who went on to win the contest. Two further collaborations with ProSieben provided the second and third top ten result in a row respectively in
2011 (Lena, who returned to defend her title with "
Taken by a Stranger") and
2012 (
Roman Lob with "Standing Still").
The streak of top 10 finishes was broken in the
2013 contest, when
Cascada's song "
Glorious" finished 21st with 18 points. The group
Elaiza in
2014,
Ann Sophie in
2015,
Jamie-Lee in
2016 and
Levina in
2017 finished in 18th, 27th (last), 26th (last) and 25th (second to last) place respectively. Ann Sophie became the country's third entry to finish with nul points, after
Nora Nova in
1964 and
Ulla Wiesner in
1965, and the first since the introduction of the current scoring system in 1975.
Germany's luck changed in
2018, when
Michael Schulte brought them back to the top 5 for the first time since 2010 with "You Let Me Walk Alone", finishing in fourth place. This is the first time since 2012 that more than one country from the "Big Five" has made the top ten (with Italy finishing fifth) and the second time (after 2002) that two "Big Five" countries have made the top five since the establishment of the rule.
The year after, the duo
Sisters with the song "Sister" was not able to replicate the same success, receiving no points from the televote to finish in 25th place overall with 24 points.
2020s
Three further bottom five results were recorded by Germany at the start of the decade, that of
Jendrik in
2021 (also receiving no points from the televote),
Malik Harris in
2022 (receiving no points from the juries) and
Lord of the Lost in
2023.
Organisation
Since 1996,
ARD consortium member Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) has been responsible for Germany's participation in the contest. The responsibility for Germany's participation in the contest has changed hands between the different broadcasters over the years:[4]
In 1991 SFB worked in partnership with the
East German broadcaster
Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF) to select the German entry for that year's contest. Between 2010 and 2012, private broadcaster ProSieben worked in partnership with NDR.[4]
Germany has often changed the selection process for the country's entry in the contest, with both national finals and internal selections (occasionally a combination of both formats) having been held.[4]
Germany and the "Big Five"
Since 1999, Germany, along with
France,
Spain and the
United Kingdom, have automatically qualified for the Eurovision final regardless of their results in previous contests.[5] These countries earned this special status by being the four biggest financial contributors to the EBU, and subsequently became known as the "
Big Four". In 2008, it was reported that the "Big Four" could lose their status and be forced to compete in the semi-finals;[6] however, this never materialised, and the rule remained in place.[7] When
Italy returned to the contest in
2011, it was given the same untouchable status, thus upgrading the countries to members of a "Big Five".[8][9]
Germany was the first Big Five country to win the contest after the rule was introduced, courtesy of
Lena in
2010. In terms of success, it is currently second behind Italy, which won in
2021 with
Måneskin, and finished second in
2011 with
Raphael Gualazzi and again in
2019 with
Mahmood. However, taking into account Italy's absence from the contest for the first 11 years of the rule's existence, Germany remains the only country to have won out of the original "Big Four".
^Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
^
abThe 1956 contest had secret voting and, apart from the winner, no results were released.
^In order to reduce the number of participating countries at the 1996 event a
qualifying round was held among all countries except the hosts. Germany failed to progress from this round; entries which failed to progress have subsequently been discounted by the EBU and do not feature as part of the countries' list of appearances.
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^Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn:
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