After the execution of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, his widow, Catherine Woodville, married
Jasper Tudor, second son of
Owen Tudor and
King Henry V's widow,
Catherine of Valois. After Jasper Tudor's death on 21 December 1495, Catherine Woodville married Sir Richard Wingfield (d. 22 July 1525). Catherine Woodville died 18 May 1497. After her death,
Sir Richard Wingfield married
Bridget Wiltshire, daughter and heiress of Sir John Wiltshire of
Stone, Kent.[5]
Career
In October 1483 Stafford's father was central in
Buckingham's rebellion against
King Richard III. He was beheaded without trial on 2 November 1483, whereby all his honours were
forfeited. Stafford is said to have been hidden in various houses in
Herefordshire at the time of the rebellion, and perhaps for the remainder of Richard III's reign. After Richard III's defeat at
Bosworth on 22 August 1485, and
King Henry VII's accession to the crown, Stafford was made a Knight of the
Order of the Bath on 29 October 1485 as
Duke of Buckingham, and attended Henry VII's coronation the following day, although his father's
attainder was not formally reversed by Parliament until November. The young Duke's wardship and lands were granted, on 3 August 1486, along with the wardship of his younger brother, Henry Stafford, to the King's mother,
Margaret Beaufort, and according to Davies it is likely Buckingham was educated in her various households.[6]
As a young man, Buckingham played a conspicuous part in royal weddings and the reception of ambassadors and foreign princes, "dazzling observers by his sartorial splendour". At the wedding of Henry VII's eldest son and heir
Arthur, Prince of Wales, and
Catherine of Aragon in 1501, he is said to have worn a gown worth £1500. He was the chief challenger at the
jousting tournament held the following day.[7]
At the accession of
King Henry VIII, Buckingham was appointed on 23 June 1509, for the day of the coronation only,
Lord High Constable, an office which he claimed by hereditary right. He also served as
Lord High Steward at the coronation and bearer of the crown. In 1509 he was made a member of the King's
Privy Council. On 9 July 1510 he had
licence to crenellate his manor of
Thornbury, Gloucestershire, and according to Davies rebuilt the manor house as "an impressively towered castle" with "huge oriel windows in the living-quarters in the inner court".[8]
In 1510 Buckingham was involved in a scandal concerning his sister,
Anne, who was the wife of
George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon.[9] After hearing rumours concerning her and
Sir William Compton, Buckingham found Compton in Anne's room. Compton was forced to take the sacrament to prove that he and Anne had not committed adultery, and Anne's husband sent her away to a convent 60 miles (100 km) from the court. There is no extant evidence establishing that Anne and Sir William Compton were guilty of adultery. In 1523 Compton took the unusual step of bequeathing land to Anne in his will, and directing his executors to include her in the prayers for his kin for which he had made provision in his will.[10] There are some suggestions that the affair continued until 1513.[citation needed] Buckingham returned to the King's graces, being present at the marriage of Henry's sister, served in Parliament and was
present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold negotiations with
Francis I of France and at negotiations with
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[citation needed]
From June to October 1513 Buckingham served as a captain during Henry VIII's invasion of France, commanding 500 men in the "middle ward".[11] About 1517 he was one of 12 challengers chosen to joust against the King and his companions but excused himself on the ground that he feared to run against the King's person. He and his wife, Eleanor, attended the
Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520.[12]
Although Buckingham was appointed to commissions of the peace in 1514 and charged—together with other
Marcher lords—with responsibility for keeping order in south Wales, particularly along the borderland
Welsh Marches, he was rebuked by the King in 1518 for failing to achieve the desired results. Buckingham exercised little direct political influence and was never a member of the King's inner circle.[13]
Buckingham's literary patronage included two translations, a printed translation of Helyas, Knyghte of the Swanne (on the
Knight of the Swan), which he commissioned in 1512, and A Lytell Cronicle, a translation of an account of the Near East which he may have commissioned in 1520 in connection with his proposed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.[13]
Betrayal and execution
Buckingham was one of few peers with substantial
Plantagenet blood and maintained numerous connections, often among his extended family, with the rest of the upper aristocracy, activities which attracted Henry's suspicion. During 1520, Buckingham became suspect of potentially treasonous actions and Henry authorised an investigation. The King personally examined witnesses against him, gathering enough evidence for a trial. The Duke was finally summoned to Court in April 1521 and arrested and placed in the Tower. He was tried before a panel of 17 peers, being accused of listening to prophecies of the King's death and intending to kill the King. Buckingham was executed on
Tower Hill on 17 May 1521 and posthumously
attainted by Act of Parliament on 31 July 1523, disinheriting most of his wealth from his children.[14]
Some conclude this was one of the few executions of high personages under Henry VIII in which the accused was "almost certainly guilty". However, Sir
Thomas More complained that the key evidence was
hearsay from servants who, as commoners, were threatened and tortured to extract false confessions.[15]
Marriage and issue
In 1488, Henry VII had suggested a marriage between Buckingham and
Anne of Brittany, but in December 1489 the executors of
Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, paid the King £4,000 for Buckingham's marriage to Percy's eldest daughter
Eleanor (d. 1530). They had a son and three daughters:[16]
Buckingham is a character in the first two episodes of the first season of the drama series The Tudors in 2007. Portrayed by
Steven Waddington,[24][25] Buckingham's intrigues are fictionalised, with several key facts omitted.
Buckingham's (fictional) son is a character in the novel The Blanket of the Dark, by John Buchan (1931).[26] He has grown up as Peter Pentecost in the forests near Oxford and is told of his true heritage in the year 1536. Later he has a fateful encounter with the King and decides that he does not wish to pursue a life of power.
^
abcRichardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 246.
ISBN144996639X.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.
ISBN978-1449966379.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.
ISBN978-1449966386.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.
ISBN978-1460992708.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)