David Ruchien Liu (born 1973) is an American
molecular biologist and
chemist. He is the Richard Merkin Professor, Director of the Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, and Vice-Chair of the Faculty at the
Broad Institute of
Harvard and
MIT; Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences and Professor of
Chemistry and
Chemical Biology at Harvard University; and
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.[1]
Early life and education
Liu was born in
Riverside, California on June 12, 1973.[2] Both his parents immigrated to the United States from
Taiwan.[3] His father is an aerospace engineer; his mother is a retired physics professor at the
University of California, Riverside.[2]
Liu graduated first in his class at Harvard in 1994.[7] He performed organic and bioorganic chemistry research on
sterol biosynthesis under Professor E.J. Corey's guidance as an undergraduate. During his Ph.D. research with Professor Peter Schultz at Berkeley, Liu initiated the first general effort to expand the genetic code in living cells. He earned his Ph.D. in 1999 and became assistant professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard in the same year. He was promoted to associate professor in 2003 and to full professor in 2005. Liu became a
Howard Hughes Medical Investigator[8] in 2005 and joined the
JASONs, academic science advisors to the U.S. government, in 2009. He was honored as a Harvard College Professor in 2007, in part for his undergraduate teaching. His introductory life sciences course, beginning in 2005, became Harvard's largest natural sciences course.[9]
Liu has earned several university-wide distinctions for teaching at Harvard, including the Joseph R. Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize, the Roslyn Abramson Award, and a Harvard College Professorship. Liu has published more than 225 papers and is the inventor of more than 90 issued U.S. patents. His research accomplishments have earned distinctions including the Ronald Breslow Award for Biomimetic Chemistry, the
American Chemical Society Pure Chemistry Award, the Arthur C. Cope Young Scholar Award, and awards from the
Sloan Foundation, Beckman Foundation, NSF CAREER Program, and
Searle Scholars Program. In 2016, he was named one of the Top 20 Translational Researchers in the world by Nature Biotechnology, and in 2017 and 2019 was named to the Nature’s 10 researchers in world and to the Foreign Policy Leading Global Thinkers.[1] In April 2019, Liu delivered a TED talk on base editing in Vancouver at TED2019, resulting in a standing ovation from the live audience.[10] In 2019, prime editing was named as one of Nature's 10 remarkable papers from 2019 and one of The Scientist's top technical advances. In 2020, Liu earned the American Chemical Society David Perlman Award and the American Chemical Society ACS Chemical Biology Lectureship Award, was elected to the
National Academy of Science (NAS),[11] the
National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and was named as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 2022, he was awarded the
King Faisal Prize in Medicine.[12]
Research
Liu's research group pioneered
base editing,[13][14] a new method of genome editing that enables the direct and precise conversion of a single base to another base in the genome of living cells, without making DNA
double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that lead to complex mixtures of insertions, deletions, and DNA rearrangements. Liu's research group also pioneered prime editing, a versatile genome editing method that can install all possible base-to-base conversions, insertions, deletions, and combinations in mammalian cells without requiring double-strand DNA breaks or donor DNA templates.[15] DNA-Templated Synthesis (DTS) generated some of the first examples of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs), now commonly used in drug discovery efforts in academia and in pharmaceutical companies.[16]
His lab also developed
phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE),[17] a technique that uses the short 10-minute lifespan of M13 bacteriophage to achieve the rapid evolution of useful proteins. The lab has used PACE and its directed evolution efforts to generate new genome editing tools that allow for expanded DNA accessibility and DNA base conversions.[18] He has published over 230 peer-reviewed publications and his
H-index is ≥130 according to
Google Scholar.[19]
Commercial activity
Liu co-founded
Editas Medicine (genome editing with CRISPR nucleases for human therapeutics),
Pairwise Plants (genome editing for agriculture),
Beam Therapeutics (base editing for human therapeutics),
Exo Therapeutics (novel small-molecule drug discovery),
Chroma Medicine (genomic medicines that harness epigenetics),
Resonance Medicine (novel enzymatic solutions for unment challenges in medicine), and
Nvelop Therapeutics (novel gene editing delivery technologies). He is the scientific founder of
Prime Medicine (prime editing for human therapeutics).
Liu also founded
Permeon Biologics and
Ensemble Therapeutics. Permeon Biologics was founded in 2011 by Liu and
Flagship Ventures to develop a class of proteins to enable the transport of large molecules such as
antibodies into cells to facilitate development of
"intrabody" therapeutics and ceased its operations in 2015.[20] Ensemble Therapeutics was founded in 2004 with funding from Flagship Ventures to develop Liu's work on
macrocycles; the company raised about $40M and struck several pharmaceutical partnerships, but was shut down in 2017 before any of its lead compounds had reached the market.[21]
Personal life
He met his wife, Julie Liu, while attending U.C Berkeley.[22]
^"News from the National Academy of Sciences". April 26, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021. Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: … Liu, David R.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., entry in member directory:
"Member Directory". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved July 4, 2021.