The Casablanca Uprisings of 1952 (
Arabic: انتفاضة الدار البيضاء 1952) were a violently repressed
anti-colonial popular movement that took place on the 7th and 8th of December 1952 in
Casablanca,
Morocco in response to the French assassination of the Tunisian labor unionist
Farhat Hached in
Tunis on 5 December.[1][2][3][4] The Union Générale des Syndicats Confédéres au Maroc (UGSCM)[5] labor union and the
Istiqlal Party organized two days of strike and protests.[6] Over 3,500 workers assembled in demonstrations that were violently dispersed by the French police.[2] Hundreds of Europeans rampaged into Moroccan neighborhoods leading to hundreds protestors killed or wounded.[2]
Street children and dock workers also participated in the Casablanca protests of December 1952.[7]
The protests were centered in the working class neighborhood Carrières Centrales (now
Hay Mohammadi)—then on the outskirts of Casablanca—a neighborhood populated partially by migrants from rural areas seeking employment in the city and partially by Moroccans displaced from the city center in 1938 when the French authorities used a
typhoid epidemic as justification to destroy shantytowns near the European ville nouvelle.[1] Up until the early 1950s, Carrières Centrales was a massive shantytown; the French authorities considered it a den of nationalist fervor and popular resistance and therefore a threat to the colonial order.[1]
Michel Écochard, director of urban planning in Morocco under the French Protectorate from 1946-1952 and leader of the Groupe des Architectes Modernes Marocains (GAMMA), worked on housing for laborers and migrants from the countryside.[10][11][12][13] The slums at Carrières Centrales became the first
collective housing project made with Ecochard's 8x8 meter model, designed to address Casablanca's issues with overpopulation and
rural exodus.[14][15][11] It was also the first time the French Protectorate built housing in Casablanca for the colonized rather than the colonizers; the objective was to suppress the
Moroccan Nationalist Movement.[16]
Aftermath
Leaders of the Istiqlal party were arrested.[6] The
Judeo-Moroccan human rights activist and intellectual
Abraham Serfaty was expelled from Morocco by the French regime for his involvement in the protests.[17] In the aftermath of the riots, French authorities arrested
Abbas Messaadi, who eventually escaped, he also found the
Moroccan Liberation Army, and joined the armed resistance in the
Rif.[18]
^Dahmani, Iman; El moumni, Lahbib; Meslil, El mahdi (2019). Modern Casablanca Map. Translated by Borim, Ian. Casablanca:
MAMMA Group.
ISBN978-9920-9339-0-2.