Brodmann area 9
Details
Identifiers
Latin	area frontalis granularis
NeuroNames	1024
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1740
FMA	68606
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [ edit on Wikidata

Brodmann area 9, or BA9, refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. Its cytoarchitecture is referred to as granular due to the concentration of granule cells in layer IV. ^[1] It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex.

Functions

The area is involved in short term memory, ^[2] evaluating recency, ^[3] overriding automatic responses, ^[4] verbal fluency, ^[5] error detection, ^[6] auditory verbal attention, ^[7] inferring the intention of others, ^[8] inferring deduction from spatial imagery, ^[9] inductive reasoning, ^[10] attributing intention, ^[11] sustained attention involved in counting a series of auditory stimuli, ^[12] and displays lower levels of energy consumption in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. ^[13]

The area found on the left hemisphere is at least partially responsible for empathy, ^[14] idioms, ^{[15] [16]} processing pleasant and unpleasant emotional scenes, ^[17] self criticisms ^[18] and attention to negative emotions. ^[19]

On the right hemisphere the region is involved in attributing intention, ^[20] theory of mind, ^[21] suppressing sadness, ^[22] working memory, ^{[23] [24] [25]} spatial memory, ^{[26] [27]} recognition, ^{[28] [29] [30]} recall, ^{[29] [31] [32]} recognizing the emotions of others, ^[33] planning, ^[34] calculation, ^{[35] [36]} semantic and perceptual processing of odors, ^[37] religiosity, ^[38] and attention to positive emotions. ^[19]

Guenon

Brodmann area 9 also exists in the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it on the whole as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the granular frontal area 9 and frontopolar area 10 in the human. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): Unlike Brodmann area 6 (Brodmann-1909), area 9 has a distinct internal granular layer (IV); unlike Brodmann area 6 or Brodmann area 8 (Brodmann-1909), its internal pyramidal layer (V) is divisible into two sublayers, an outer layer 5a of densely distributed medium-size ganglion cells that partially merges with layer IV, and an inner, clearer, cell-poor layer 5b; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller and sparser in distribution; the external granular layer (II) is narrow, with small numbers of sparsely distributed granule cells. ^[39]

Image

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  Animation.
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  front view.
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  Lateral view.
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  Medial view.

See also

• Brodmann area
• Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
• List of regions in the human brain

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brodmann area 9.

• Gusnard, Debra A.; Akbudak, Erbil; Shulman, Gordon L.; Raichle, Marcus E. (March 27, 2001). "Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Self-Referential Mental Activity: Relation to a Default Mode of Brain Function". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (7): 4259–64. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...98.4259G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.071043098. JSTOR  3055404. PMC  31213. PMID  11259662.
• https://web.archive.org/web/20141104204919/http://www.skiltopo.com/1/index.htm#BA9L^{[ full citation needed]}
• For Neuroanatomy of this area see BrainInfo