Bernd Kaina, born on 7 January 1950 in Drewitz, is a German biologist and
toxicologist. His research is devoted to
DNA damage and repair, DNA damage response, genotoxic signaling and
cell death induced by carcinogenic DNA damaging insults.
Education
Kaina completed his degree in biology at the
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, where he also completed his PhD thesis on the effects of the neurotropic carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on human cells.
From 1975 to 1984, he was a project leader at the Central Institute for Genetics and Crop Plant Research in
Gatersleben and focused on the genotoxic effect of
alkylating agents and
adaptive response in various experimental systems.
From 1984 to 1985, he was a scholarship holder of the
European Community at the Institute of Molecular Biology in Leiden, Netherlands, and afterwards, from 1985 to 1987, he was a guest researcher at the
German Cancer Research Centre in
Heidelberg, Germany.
As a Heisenberg Fellow of the German Research Foundation (DFG), he moved to the Institute of Genetics and Toxicology at the Nuclear Research Centre in Karlsruhe. From there, he was appointed as full professor and Head of Division of Applied Toxicology at the Institute of Toxicology of the Johannes Gutenberg-University in Mainz, Germany. Since 2004, he is the director of the Institute of Toxicology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University in Mainz.[1]
Research
Kaina made significant contributions to our understanding of the effects of alkylating carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents. He identified the repair enzyme
O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) as a protection mechanism against the killing, clastogenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic effects of alkylating carcinogens. In a translational research program, his group studied the importance of DNA repair in drug resistance of
glioblastomas, malignant
melanomas and other tumour types. He also contributed to a deeper insight of the mutagenic and cytotoxic effect of UV light,
ionizing radiation and chemical genotoxins, assessed the regulation of repair genes and showed that specific DNA repair functions can be induced following genotoxic stress, thus contributing to the cells’ adaptation to these detrimental exposure. He demonstrated a repair defect in immunocompetent cells (
monocytes) and assessed the regulation of repair genes by
cytokines. He is also engaged in studies on the genotoxic effects of TCM drugs such as
artesunate. He contributed to more than 300 publications in internationally respected journals and books.[2]
Awards and honours
Frits Sobels Award of the European Environmental Mutagene and Genomics Society (2021)
[2] Ulrich-Hagen Award of the German Society for Radiation Biology (2014)
[3] Toxicology Award of the German Association for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2012)
Research Award of the German Environmental Mutagen Society (2009)
Heisenberg Fellow of the German Research Foundation
Selected publications
Roos, Wynand P.; Thomas, Adam D.; Kaina, Bernd (18 December 2015). "DNA damage and the balance between survival and death in cancer biology". Nature Reviews Cancer. 16 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 20–33.
doi:
10.1038/nrc.2015.2.
ISSN1474-175X.
PMID26678314.
S2CID10159855.
Roos, Wynand P.; Kaina, Bernd (2013). "DNA damage-induced cell death: From specific DNA lesions to the DNA damage response and apoptosis". Cancer Letters. 332 (2). Elsevier BV: 237–248.
doi:
10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.007.
ISSN0304-3835.
PMID22261329.
Kaina, Bernd; Christmann, Markus; Naumann, Steffen; Roos, Wynand P. (2007). "MGMT: Key node in the battle against genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and apoptosis induced by alkylating agents". DNA Repair. 6 (8). Elsevier BV: 1079–1099.
doi:
10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.03.008.
ISSN1568-7864.
PMID17485253.
Batista, L. F.Z.; Roos, W. P.; Christmann, M.; Menck, C. F.M.; Kaina, B. (15 December 2007). "Differential Sensitivity of Malignant Glioma Cells to Methylating and Chloroethylating Anticancer Drugs: p53 Determines the Switch by Regulating xpc, ddb2, and DNA Double-Strand Breaks". Cancer Research. 67 (24). American Association for Cancer Research (AACR): 11886–11895.
doi:
10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2964.
ISSN0008-5472.
PMID18089819.
Kaina, B. (2004). "Mechanisms and consequences of methylating agent-induced SCEs and chromosomal aberrations: a long road traveled and still a far way to go". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 104 (1–4). S. Karger AG: 77–86.
doi:
10.1159/000077469.
ISSN1424-8581.
PMID15162018.
S2CID941369.
Bernd, Kaina; Fritz, Gerhard; Mitra, Sankar; Coquerelle, Thérèse (1991). "Transfection and expression of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) cDNA in Chinese hamster cells: the role of MGMT in protection against the genotoxic effects of alkylating agents". Carcinogenesis. 12 (10). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1857–1867.
doi:
10.1093/carcin/12.10.1857.
ISSN0143-3334.
PMID1657427.