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35 Leonis (HIP 53019, HD 89010) is a spectroscopic binary star system [1] located in the constellation of Leo, next to the star Zeta Leonis. [2] It is made up of a yellow subgiant star and a red dwarf star, [3] which complete an orbit between each other every 537 days. [1] With an apparent magnitude of 5.97, the system can be naked-eye visible only from dark skies. [2] The distance to 35 Leonis, based from data from Gaia DR3, is 31.83 parsecs (103.8 ly). [4]

35 Leonis
Approximate location of 35 Leonis (circled) [2]
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Leo [2] [note 1]
Right ascension 10h 16m 32.289s [4]
Declination +23° 30′ 11.206″ [4]
Apparent magnitude (V) 5.97 [2]
Characteristics
35 Leonis A
Evolutionary stage Main-sequence star to subgiant
Spectral type G1.5IV–V [5]
Apparent magnitude (U) 6.8 [5]
Apparent magnitude (B) 6.6 [5]
Apparent magnitude (R) 5.6 [5]
Apparent magnitude (G) 5.8 [5]
Apparent magnitude (J) 4.8 [5]
Apparent magnitude (H) 4.5 [5]
Apparent magnitude (K) 4.3 [5]
B
Evolutionary stage Red dwarf
Apparent magnitude (K) 8.4 [1]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-33.8 [5] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −200.342±0.259  mas/ yr [4]
Dec.: 32.03±0.32  mas/ yr [4]
Parallax (π)33.7721 ± 0.258  mas [4]
Distance103.766  ly
(31.8301  pc) [4]
Absolute magnitude (MV)3.56 [6]
Orbit [1]
PrimaryA
Period (P)1.471 years
(537 days)
Details
A
Mass1.34 [1]  M☉
Radius2.12±0.18 [6]  R☉
Luminosity4.37 [6]  L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.87 [4]  cgs
Temperature5480±10 [1]  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]-0.3114 [4]  dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)2.68 [6] km/s
Age5.25 [6] [a]  Gyr
B [1]
Mass0.15  M☉
Temperature3300+130
−140  K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)<10.1 km/s
Position (relative to A) [1]
ComponentB
Angular distance56.9±0.3 mas
Other designations
BD+24 2207, Gaia DR2 725469767850488064, Gaia DR3 725469767850488064, HD 89010, HIP 50319, HR 4030, SAO 81260, PPM 100216, WDS J10167+2325B, NLTT 23866, TYC 1969-1260-1, IRAS 10137+2345, 2MASS J10163231+2330111
Database references
SIMBAD data

Properties

35 Leonis was discovered to be a binary system in 2024, after analysis from Daniel Echeverri et al. using vortex fiber nulling, which is a technique for detecting and characterizing faint stellar companions that are close to their parent star. [1] The team derived a visual separation of 56.9 milliarcseconds between both components (35 Leonis A and B) using the CHARA array. [1] Both stars are completing one orbit around each other every 537 days (1.47 years). [1] The system classifies as a single-lined spectroscopic binary (SB1). [1]

35 Leonis is located in the constellation of Leo, visually close to the star Zeta Leonis. [2] The distance to the system is about 31.8 parsecs (104  ly), as derived by Gaia DR3. [4] With an apparent magnitude of 5.97, it is very faint and can be visible to the naked eye only in dark skies, not affected by light pollution. [2] The absolute magnitude, i.e. the brightness of 35 Leonis if it was seen 10 parsecs (32.6 ly) away, is 3.56. [2] The system is approaching Earth at a velocity of 33.8 km/s. [5] 35 Leonis the Flamsteed designation. Other designations for this system include HD 89010 from the Henry Draper Catalogue, HIP 53019 from the Hipparcos Catalogue and HR 4030 from the Bright Star Catalogue. [5]

35 Leonis A

The main component, 35 Leonis A, is an evolved G-type main-sequence star that is evolving into a subgiant, based on its spectral class of G1.5 V- IV. [5] Gaia DR2 gives a radius of 1.91  R☉ and a luminosity of 3.41  L☉, [7] while Deka-Szymankiewicz et al. (2018) gives a luminosity of 4.37 L☉ and a radius of 2.12 R☉. [6] [note 2] The effective temperature of 35 Leonis A is 5480  K and its mass is 1.34  M☉. [1] Other values for the temperature includes 5686 K from Deka-Szymankiewicz et al. [6] and 5682.25 and 5705.7 K from Gaia DR2 and DR3 respectively. [7] [4] The age of the star is around 5.25 billion years, [6] [a] which is around 14% older than the Solar System.

35 Leonis B

The secondary component, 35 Leonis B, is a red dwarf star. [1] It was detected in 2024 by Echeverri et al. [1] The mass of 35 Leonis B is estimated at 0.15  M☉, based on a mass of 1.34 M☉ for the primary component (35 Leonis A) and a mass ratio of 0.11. [1] An effective temperature of 3300+130
−140  K and an upper limit in the rotational velocity of 10.1  km/s are derived from the vortex fiber nulling's parameters. [1] Other characteristics, such as the radius and luminosity, are unknown.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Derived from a logarithm of 9.72
  1. ^ Obtained with a right ascension of 10h 16m 32.289s and a declination of +23° 30′ 11.206″ [4] on this website.
  2. ^ The properties can be verified in this website, after filling in the "HD" box with 89010 and clicking "submit" in the bottom right corner.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Echeverri, Daniel; Xuan, Jerry W.; Monnier, John D.; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; Wang, Jason J.; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Horstman, Katelyn; Ruane, Garreth; Mennesson, Bertrand (2024-03-25). "Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319". arXiv: 2403.17295 [ astro-ph.EP].
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "35 Leonis - Star in Leo | TheSkyLive.com". theskylive.com. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
  3. ^ "★ 35 Leonis". Stellar Catalog. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211. Bibcode: 2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID  244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "35 Leo". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Deka-Szymankiewicz, B.; Niedzielski, A.; Adamczyk, M.; Adamów, M.; Nowak, G.; Wolszczan, A. (2018-07-01). "The Penn State - Toruń Centre for Astronomy Planet Search stars. IV. Dwarfs and the complete sample". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615: A31. arXiv: 1801.02899. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615A..31D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731696. ISSN  0004-6361. Data about 35 Leonis (HD 89010) can be found here at VizieR.
  7. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
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