Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid | |
Other names
3-Aminoisobutyrate
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.132 |
KEGG | |
PubChem
CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (
EPA)
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Properties | |
C4H9NO2 | |
Molar mass | 103.12 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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3-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acid or BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine.
During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles to blood (concentration 2 to 3 μM in human serum). When BAIBA reaches the white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in a browning of white fat cells. [1] One of the consequences of the BAIBA activity is the increase of the background metabolism of the BAIBA target cells.
It is thought to play a number of roles in cell metabolism, how body burns fat and regulates insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. [2] [3] [4]
BAIBA is found as a normal metabolite of skeletal muscle in 2014. The plasma concentrations are increased in human by exercise. The production is likely a result of enhanced mitochondrial activity as the increase is also observed in the muscle of PGC-1a overexpression mice. BAIBA is proposed as protective factor against metabolic disorder since it can induce brown fat function. [1]