Sultan
Tughril leads a large
Seljuk army out of
Azerbaijan into
Armenia, possibly to consolidate his frontier, while providing an incentive to his
Turkoman allies in the form of plunder. Tughril divides his army into four columns, ordering three to veer off to the north to raid into central and northern Armenia, while he takes the fourth column towards
Lake Van. The
Seljuk Turks capture and sack the fortress city of
Artchesh, after an 8-day siege.[1]
The
Almoravids retake the trading center of
Aoudaghost from the
Ghana Empire. Repeated Almoravid incursions, aimed at seizing control of the trans-
Saharan gold trade, disrupt Ghana's dominance of the trade routes.[2]
July 16 –
East-West Schism: Humbert of Silva Candida, representative of the newly deceased Leo IX, breaks the relations between
Western and
Eastern Churches, through the act of placing an invalidly-issued
Papal Bull of excommunication during the celebration of the
Divine Liturgy.
^Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 125.
ISBN978-1-84884-215-1.
^Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa, New York: Marcus Weiner Press.
ISBN1-55876-241-8. First published in 1981.
^"Journal of Astronomy", part 9, chapter 56 of History of Song, first printing 1340; facsimile on frontispiece of Misner, Thorne, Wheeler Gravitation, 1973.