Vogue (stylized in
all caps), also known as American Vogue, is a monthly
fashion and
lifestyle magazine that covers style news, including
haute couture fashion, beauty, culture, living, and
runway. It is part of the global collection of
Condé Nast's VOGUE media.
Headquartered at
One World Trade Center in the
Financial District of
Lower Manhattan, Vogue began in 1892 as a weekly newspaper before becoming a monthly magazine years later. Since its founding, Vogue has featured numerous actors, musicians, models, athletes, and other prominent celebrities.
Arthur Baldwin Turnure (1856–1906), an American businessman, founded Vogue as a weekly newspaper based in
New York City, sponsored by Kristoffer Wright, with its first issue on December 17, 1892.[3][4] The first issue was published with a cover price of 10 cents (equivalent to $3.39 in 2023).[5]
Turnure's intention was to create a publication that celebrated the "ceremonial side of life"; one that "attracts the sage as well as
debutante, men of affairs, as well as the belle".[5] From its inception the magazine intended to target the New York
upper class by "recounting their habits, their leisure activities, their social gatherings, the places they frequented, and the clothing they wore... and everyone who wanted to look like them and enter their exclusive circle".[6] The magazine at this time was primarily concerned with
fashion, with coverage of sports and
social affairs included for its male readership.[5]
1905–1920: Condé Nast
Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1909, three years after Turnure's death. He gradually developed the nature of the publication. Nast changed it to a women's magazine, and he started Vogue editions overseas in the 1910s. Its price was also raised. The magazine's number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nast's management. It continued to target an upscale audience and expanded into the coverage of weddings. When the First World War made deliveries in the Europe impossible, printing for the European market began in England which then developed into separate national editions. The decision to print in England proved successful, causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920.
In July 1932, American Vogue placed its first
color photograph on the cover of the magazine. The photograph was taken by photographer
Edward Jean Steichen and portrayed a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air.[8] Laird Borrelli notes that Vogue led the decline of
fashion illustration in the late 1930s, when it began to replace its illustrated covers, by artists such as
Dagmar Freuchen, with
photographic images.[9] Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the "two-page spread".[6] He has been credited with turning Vogue into a "successful business" and the "women's magazine we recognize today", having substantially increased sales volumes until his death in 1942.[10]
In the 1950s, the decade known as the magazine's "powerful years",[11]Jessica Daves became editor-in-chief. As
Rebecca C. Tuite has noted, "Daves led a quiet charge for excellence during one of the most challenging, transformative, and rich decades in the magazine's history."[12] Daves believed that "taste is something that can be taught and learned",[13] and she edited Vogue as "a vehicle to educate public taste".[11] While fashion coverage remained a priority, Daves also elevated the written content of American Vogue, particularly championing more robust arts and literature features.[12]
The Daves era of Vogue came to an end in 1962, when
Diana Vreeland joined the magazine (first as associate editor, and then, following Daves's departure in December 1962, as editor-in-chief).[12] The pair had opposed approaches to editing Vogue,[12][14] and critics said that this led the magazine to a period of "extravagance, and luxury and excess".[15] Under Vreeland, the magazine began to appeal to the youth of the
sexual revolution by focusing on contemporary fashion and editorial features that openly discussed sexuality. Vogue extended coverage to include
East Village boutiques, such as
Limbo on
St. Mark's Place, and it included features of personalities like
Andy Warhol's "Superstars".[16]Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice that continued with
Suzy Parker,
Twiggy,
Jean Shrimpton,
Lauren Hutton,
Veruschka,
Marisa Berenson,
Penelope Tree, and others.[17]
In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication.[18] Under editor-in-chief
Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes in response to changes of its target audience.[19] Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue, because "women weren't interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives."[20] She was selected to make the magazine appeal to "the free, working, "liberated" woman of the seventies.[20] The magazine changed in terms of interviews, arts coverage, and articles. When this stylistic change fell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was fired.[20]
Well-known fashion photographers for the magazine include:
In July 1988, with Vogue losing readership and advertising to its rival Elle,
Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief.[21][22] Noted for her trademark
bob cut and sunglasses, Wintour attempted to revitalize the brand by making it feel younger and more approachable;[23] she directed the focus towards new and accessible concepts of "fashion" for a wider audience.[24] Wintour's influence allowed the magazine to maintain its high circulation, while staff discovered new trends that a broader audience could conceivably afford.[24]
Throughout her reign at Vogue, Wintour accomplished her goals to revitalize the magazine and oversaw production of some of its largest editions. The September 2012 edition measured 916 pages, which was the highest ever for a monthly magazine.[22] Wintour continues to be American Vogue's editor-in-chief.
The contrast of Wintour's vision with that of her predecessors was noted as striking by observers, both critics and defenders. Amanda Fortini, fashion and style contributor for Slate, argues that her policy has been beneficial for Vogue, delivering it from what some critics had termed its boring "beige years".[25]
Among
Condé Nast executives, there was worry that the grand dame of fashion publications was losing ground to Elle, which in just three years had reached a paid circulation of 851,000, compared to Vogue's 1.2 million. Thus,
Condé Nast publisher
Si Newhouse brought in the 38-year-old Wintour, who, through editor-in-chief positions at
British Vogue and House & Garden, had become known not only for her cutting-edge visual sense, but also for her ability to radically revamp a magazine—to shake things up.
Although she has had a strong impact on the magazine, Wintour has been pinned as being cold and difficult to work with.[22] The most recent change in Vogue magazine is the return of Raul Martinez as global creative editor. As the creative director, he will report to Wintour and will oversee the direction for the magazine globally and its visual approach. With both personalities, the magazine could take an interesting turn. [26]
December 1892: The first cover of the magazine features a debutante at her début.[8]
July 1932: The first cover with a color photograph, featuring
Edward Steichen's image of a swimmer holding a beach ball.[8]
August 1933: The cover features model
Toto Koopman who is both bisexual and biracial. She portrays a woman that readers during the Great Depression would dream to be like.[8][30][31]
September 1944: USA Tent Hospital in France.
Lee Miller as war correspondent for Vogue US.
May 1961:
Sophia Loren covers the magazine, and is one of the first celebrities to do so.[8]
August 1974:
Beverly Johnson becomes the first black woman to cover American Vogue.[32]
November 1988: Anna Wintour's first cover features Israeli model
Michaela Bercu.[33]
May 1989: Under Wintour's control,
Madonna became the first singer she put on a Vogue magazine, something that was considered "controversial",[34] after an old-time-focus of models on their covers.[35]
December 1998:
Hillary Clinton becomes the first American first lady to cover the magazine.[8]
September 2012:
Lady Gaga graced the cover of the largest edition of Vogue in history, weighing in at 4.5 pounds and 916 pages.[8]
April 2014:
Kim Kardashian and
Kanye West appear on the cover in one of the most controversial cover shoots for Vogue. Kardashian is the first reality television star on the cover and West is the first rapper on the cover. They are also the first interracial couple to appear on the cover of the magazine.[39]
August 2017:
Zayn Malik appears on the cover, making him the first male Muslim to be on the cover of the magazine.
September 2018:
Beyoncé is given "unprecedented" total editorial control of the magazine's cover and feature.[40] She hires 23-year-old black photographer Tyler Mitchell to shoot the cover, making him the first black photographer to shoot a cover for Vogue in its 126-year history.[41]
December 2020:
Harry Styles becomes the first male to appear by himself on the cover of Vogue.[42]
February 2021:
Kamala Harris becomes the first vice president to cover Vogue. She is the highest-ranking female elected official in U.S. history, and the first African American and first Asian-American vice president.[43][44]
November 2021:
Adele becomes the first person to simultaneously cover the American and
British editions of Vogue.[45]
February 2022:
Hoyeon Jung becomes the first Asian to appear by herself on the cover of Vogue.
August 2022:
Emma Corrin becomes the first non-binary person to cover Vogue.[46]
December 2023:
Nicki Minaj becomes the first female rapper to appear solo on the cover of Vogue.
Healthy body initiative
May 2013 marked the first anniversary of a healthy body initiative that was signed by the magazine's international editors—the initiative represents a commitment from the editors to promote positive
body images within the content of Vogue's numerous editions. Vogue Australia editor Edwina McCann explained:
In the magazine we're moving away from those very young, very thin girls. A year down the track, we ask ourselves what can Vogue do about it? And an issue like this [June 2013 issue] is what we can do about it. If I was aware of a girl being ill on a photo shoot I wouldn't allow that shoot to go ahead, or if a girl had an eating disorder I would not shoot her.[47]
Jonathan Newhouse, Condé Nast International chairman, states that "Vogue editors around the world want the magazines to reflect their commitment to the health of the models who appear on the pages and the wellbeing of their readers."[48] Alexandra Shulman, one of the magazine's editor, comments on the initiative by stating "as one of the fashion industry's most powerful voices, Vogue has a unique opportunity to engage with relevant issues where we feel we can make a difference."[48]
Style and influence
The word vogue means "fashion" in French. Vogue was described by book critic
Caroline Weber in a December 2006 edition of The New York Times as "the world's most influential
fashion magazine":[49] The publication claims to reach 11 million readers in the US and 12.5 million internationally.[50][51] Furthermore,
Anna Wintour was described as one of the most powerful figures in fashion.[52]
Technological
Google partnered with Vogue to feature
Google Glass in the September 2013 issue, which featured a 12-page spread.[53] Chris Dale, who manages communications for the Glass team at Google, stated:
The Vogue September issue has become a cultural touchstone ahead of New York's Fashion Week. Seeing Glass represented so beautifully in this issue is a huge thrill for the entire Glass team.[53]
In the September 2015 issue, technology such as
Apple Music,
Apple Watch, and Amazon Fashion were all featured within the issue's 832 pages.[54]
Economic
Wintour's "Fashion Night" initiative was launched in 2009 with the intention of kickstarting the economy following the
financial crisis of 2007–2008, by drawing people back into the retail environment and donating proceeds to various charitable causes. The event was co-hosted by Vogue in 27 cities around the US and 15 countries worldwide, and included online retailers at the beginning of 2011.[55] Debate occurred over the actual profitability of the event in the US, resulting in a potentially permanent hiatus in 2013; however, the event continues in 19 other locations internationally.[56]Vogue also has the ability to lift the spirits of readers during tough times and revels that "even in bad times, someone is up for a good time." The article states that Vogue "make[s] money because they elevate the eye and sometimes the spirit, take the reader someplace special."[57][53] These fantasy tomes feel a boost during economic distress—like liquor and ice cream and movie ticket sales."[57]
Political
In 2006, Vogue acknowledged salient political and cultural issues by featuring the
burqa, as well as articles on prominent
Muslim women, their approach to fashion, and the effect of different cultures on fashion and women's lives.[58]Vogue also sponsored the "Beauty Without Borders" initiative with a US$25,000 donation that was used to establish a
cosmetology school for Afghan women. Wintour stated: "Through the school, we could not only help women in Afghanistan to look and feel better but also give them employment." A documentary by Liz Mermin, entitled The Beauty Academy of Kabul, which highlighted the proliferation of Western standards of beauty, criticized the school, suggesting that "the beauty school could not be judged a success if it did not create a demand for American cosmetics."[59]
Leading up to the
2012 US presidential election, Wintour used her industry clout to host several significant fundraising events in support of the
Obama campaign. The first, in 2010, was a dinner with an estimated US$30,000 entry fee.[60] The "Runway To Win" initiative recruited prominent designers to create pieces to support the campaign.[61]
In October 2016, the magazine stated that "Vogue endorses
Hillary Clinton for
president of the United States". This was the first time that the magazine supported as a single voice a presidential candidate in its 120 years of history.[62][63][64]
Social
The
Met Gala is an annual event that is hosted by Vogue to celebrate the opening of the
Metropolitan Museum's fashion exhibit. The Met Gala is the most coveted event of the year in the field of fashion and is attended by
A-list celebrities, politicians, designers and fashion editors. Vogue has hosted the themed event since 1971 under editor-in-chief
Diana Vreeland. Since 1995, Anna Wintour, who is Vogue's chief content officer and global editorial director, served as chairwoman of the Met Gala, and is the woman behind the coveted event's top-secret guest list. In 2013, Vogue released a special edition of Vogue entitled Vogue Special Edition: The Definitive Inside Look at the 2013 Met Gala.[65] Vogue has produced about 70 videos about this event for YouTube exclusively, that includes pre-coverage, live reporting and post-event analysis. Met-related video content generated 902 million views, a 110% increase from 2021.
As Wintour came to personify the magazine's image, both she and Vogue drew critics. Wintour's one-time assistant at the magazine,
Lauren Weisberger, wrote a roman à clef entitled The Devil Wears Prada. Published in 2003, the novel became a bestseller and was adapted as a highly successful,
Academy Award-nominated
film in 2006.[69] The central character resembled Weisberger, and her boss was a powerful editor-in-chief of a fictionalized version of Vogue. The novel portrays a magazine ruled by "the Antichrist and her coterie of fashionistas, who exist on cigarettes,
Diet Dr Pepper, and mixed green salads", according to a review in The New York Times. The editor is described by Weisberger as being "an empty, shallow, bitter woman who has tons and tons of gorgeous clothes and not much else".[70] However, despite the slight defamation of Wintour and Vogue magazine in general, the image of both editor and high-class magazine were not diminished. The success of both the novel and the film brought new attention from a wide global audience to the power and glamour of the magazine, and the industry it continues to lead.[71]
In 2007, Vogue drew criticism from the anti-smoking group "Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids", for carrying
tobacco advertisements in the magazine. The group claims that volunteers sent the magazine more than 8,000 protest emails or faxes regarding the ads. The group also claimed that in response, they received scribbled notes faxed back on letters that had been addressed to Wintour stating, "Will you stop? You're killing trees!"[72] In response, a spokesperson for Condé Nast released an official statement: "Vogue does carry tobacco advertising. Beyond that we have no further comment."[72]
In April 2008, American Vogue featured a cover photo by photographer
Annie Leibovitz of Gisele Bündchen and the basketball player
LeBron James. This was the third time that Vogue featured a male on the cover of the American issue (the other two men were actors George Clooney and Richard Gere), and the first in which the man was black. Some observers criticized the cover as a prejudicial depiction of James because his pose with Bündchen was reminiscent of a poster for the film King Kong.[73] Further criticism arose when the website Watching the Watchers analyzed the photo alongside the
World War I recruitment poster titled Destroy This Mad Brute.[74] However, James reportedly liked the cover shoot.[75][76]
In October 2018, Vogue published a photoshoot starring
Kendall Jenner who had an afro-like style hairstyle which drew criticisms.[82]
In 2020, the
hashtag #VogueChallenge became a popular
social mediameme in response to the perceived lack of diversity on Vogue's front covers. Users of various ages and ethnicities uploaded photos of re-creating famous Vogue covers as part of a campaign to promote diversity in fashion.[83][84]
In 2009, the feature-length documentary The September Issue was released; it was an inside view of the production of the record-breaking September 2007 issue of U.S. Vogue, directed by
R. J. Cutler. The film was shot over eight months as Wintour prepared the issue, and included testy exchanges between Wintour and her creative director
Grace Coddington. The issue became the largest ever published at the time; over 5 pounds in weight and 840 pages in length, a world record for a monthly magazine.[85] That record has been broken by Vogue's September 2012 issue, which came in at 916 pages.[86]
Also in 2012,
HBO released a documentary entitled In Vogue: The Editor's Eye, in conjunction with the 120th anniversary of the magazine. Drawing on Vogue's extensive archives, the film featured behind-the-scenes interviews with longtime Vogue editors, including Wintour, Coddington, Tonne Goodman,
Babs Simpson,
Hamish Bowles, and Phyllis Posnick.[87] Celebrated subjects and designers in the fashion industry, such as
Nicole Kidman,
Sarah Jessica Parker,
Linda Evangelista,
Vera Wang, and
Marc Jacobs, also appear in the film. The editors share personal stories about collaborating with top photographers, such as Leibovitz, and the various day-to-day responsibilities and interactions of a fashion editor at Vogue. The film was directed and produced by
Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato. In October 2012, Vogue also released a book titled Vogue: The Editor's Eye to complement the documentary.[88]
Video channel
In 2013, Vogue launched the Vogue video channel that can be accessed via their website. The channel was launched in conjunction with Conde Nast's multi-platform media initiative. Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include Vogue Weddings, The Monday Makeover, From the Vogue Closet, Fashion Week, Elettra's Goodness, Jeanius, Vintage
Bowles, The Backstory, Beauty Mark, Met Gala, Voguepedia, Vogue Voices, Vogue Diaries, CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund, and Monday's with
Andre.[89]
Books
Books published by Vogue include In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine, Vogue: The Covers, Vogue: The Editor's Eye, Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People, The World in Vogue, Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers, and Nostalgia in Vogue.[90]
Voguepedia
Launched in 2011 by Condé Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion
encyclopedia that also includes an
archive of every issue of Vogue's American edition since 1892.[91] Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo—hosted by Vogue Italia—that receives contributions from anyone.[92] As of May 9, 2013, the site was not fully functional; code still showed in search results and only certain search terms yielded results.[93]
Website
Vogue has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content.[94]
Podcast
Vogue launched the teaser for its podcast series on September 10, 2015. The magazine announced that star André Leon Talley would host the podcasts, and the inaugural twenty-one-minute podcast was released on September 14, 2015, featuring Anna Wintour. Talley commented that he had "been a longtime storyteller at Vogue and it's just another format for telling stories—as at Vogue, we love to tell the story of style, fashion, and what is absolutely a part of the culture at the moment", hence why the magazine has decided to create podcasts.[95]
Vogue App
The app was introduced on April 26, 2016, as a way for the magazine to become more mobile friendly. The Vogue app displays content on mobile devices and gives people the ability to view the magazine content wherever they go. The app has new content every day and people can choose to receive content recommended just for their taste. In addition, the app allows one to save stories for later and or read offline. Lastly, the app provides notifications for fashion outbreaks and for new stories that are published pertaining to that viewer's particular taste.[96]
Vogue Business
The online fashion industry publication was launched in January 2019. The new property aims at offering a global perspective on the fashion industry with industry insights. Although sharing the Vogue brand name, Vogue Business is operated as a separate business entity with an independent editorial team.
In June 2019, Vogue Business launched the Vogue Business Talent, a platform that promotes vacancies from international fashion brands and companies with the goal to match professionals with their job opportunities.[97][98]
Other editions
In 2005, Condé Nast launched Men's Vogue. The magazine ceased publication as an independent publication in October 2008, the December/January 2009 edition being its last issue. It was intended to be published as a supplement of Vogue, the Spring 2009 edition being the last issue of the magazine altogether.[99][100][101]
Condé Nast also publishes Teen Vogue,[102][103] a version of the magazine for teenage girls in the United States.
Until 1961, Vogue was also the publisher of Vogue Patterns, a home sewing pattern company. It was sold to
Butterick Publishing, which also licensed the Vogue name.
The magazine was launched in 1918 and was based out of
Havana however distributed not just in Cuba but also Spain and parts of Latin America.[104] It lasted until the
Spanish Civil War.
Vogue Germany
The magazine was first published from 1928 to 1929.[105] It was relaunched in 1979.[106] In December 2020, it was also announced that
Christiane Arp will exit Vogue Germany after 17 years, after joining the title in 2003.[107] In October 2021, Kerstin Weng was announced as the magazine's Head of Editorial Content.[108]
Vogue New Zealand
In 1955, British Vogue launched a supplement for New Zealand.[109] In 1957, the magazine was launched no longer as a supplement but as its own independent edition; however, it was still edited from London.[110] In the magazine's early years, its focus was on Britain with readers being encouraged to use British materials, New Zealand clothing would even be flown out to be photographed in English settings.[111][110]
However, in 1961, when Joan Chesney Frost was appointed editor of Vogue Australia and Vogue New Zealand, the magazine's production was moved to
Sydney.[111][112] Under her leadership, the clothes began being photographed in New Zealand (however, until the mid 1960s, most photoshoots were in Australia).[113][112] In 1962, Frost resigned and
Sheila Scotter was appointed editor.[114] Marie Stuttard (who became the first NZ-based fashion editor of the magazine in 1961)[115] said in a 1983 interview "We were able to choose our own clothes for photography, but they had to tie in with the trends as dictated by the organisation overseas. That was the guiding light. Whatever we did had to be approved by Australia."[112] Under Scotter's leadership, Michal McKay became fashion and beauty editor (replacing Stuttard in 1964); she later became the editor-in-chief of
Vogue Singapore in the 1990s.[116]
In 1968, after over 10 years, the magazine ceased publication with Condé Nast deciding that the New Zealand market was too small for a Vogue.[115][110]
The magazine was launched in 1980 by Carta Editorial who also launched Vogue Brasil and Vogue México.[118][119]
Vogue España
Vogue España was then launched in 1981 and edited from Paris, however it quickly ceased publication.[120]
In 1988 the magazine was relaunched with
Cindy Crawford on the cover and has been in continuous operation since.[121] On January 11, 2017, it was announced that Eugenia de la Torriente will become the new editor-in-chief.[122] In December 2020, it was announced that de la Torriente will step down from the magazine after three years.[123][124] In September 2021, Inés Lorenzo was announced as the magazine's Head of Editorial Content.[125][126]
The magazine, launched as Vogue Nippon in 1999. In 2011 the magazine was rebranded from Vogue Nippon to Vogue Japan. In May 2021, it was announced that Mitsuko Watanabe will exit Vogue Japan at the end of the year, after thirteen years as the editor-in-chief.[128] In January 2022, Tiffany Godoy was announced as the magazine's Head of Editorial Content.[129][130]
The magazine was launched in 2013. The first issue of the magazine sold-out. Editor-in-chief, Kullawit Laosuksri was the only male editor at the helm of Vogue at the time.[131]
Vogue CS (short for Czechoslovakia) was launched in 2018. In February 2018, the Czech-language edition was announced. It premiered in August 2018 under license with V24 Media, and titled Vogue CS, it covers the Czech and Slovak markets.[132]
Vogue Hong Kong
Vogue Hong Kong was launched in 2019. In October 2018, the Hong Kong edition was announced. It premiered on March 3, 2019, under a license agreement with Rubicon Media Ltd., with digital and print presence.[133]
In January 2022, Condé Nast partnered with Philippines-based publishing company
Mega Global Licensing to launch the edition of the magazine in the country. The first issue was released in September.[134][135] The magazine appointed Bea Valdes as its editor-in-chief.[136]
Currently twenty-eight editions of Vogue operate around the world and four editions are closed. A South African edition also operated in the 1960s, as an offshoot of British Vogue similar to how Vogue Australia and Vogue New Zealand were launched.[137]
Editors of international editions
The following highlights circulation dates as well as individuals who have served as editor-in-chief of Vogue:
After a consolidation at Condé Nast, the publisher will put its largest titles (including Vogue) under global and regional leadership. The role of editor-in-chief is being replaced in some international editions for the new role of Head of Editorial Content.
^
abcEsfahani Smith, Emily (June 26, 2013).
"The Early Years of Vogue Magazine". acculterated.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
^Laird Borrelli (2000). Fashion Illustration Now (illustrated, reprint ed.).
Thames & Hudson.
ISBN9780500282342. Fashion Illustration has gone from being one of the sole means of fashion communication to having a very minor role. The first photographic cover of Vogue was a watershed in the history of fashion illustration and a watershed mark of its decline. Photographs, no matter how altered or retouched, will always have some association with reality and by association truth. I like to think of them [fashion Illustrations] as prose poems and having more fictional narratives. They are more obviously filtered through an individual vision than photos. Illustration lives on, but in the position of a poor relative to the fashion.
^Covers, History of Fashion Magazine (February 22, 2016).
"Toto Koopman on Vogue, September 1933". Covers of Fashion Magazine.
Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
^Frankel, David (June 30, 2006),
The Devil Wears Prada,
archived from the original on March 11, 2016, retrieved February 8, 2016
^Betts, Kate (April 13, 2003).
"Anna Dearest". The New York Times.
Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2007.
^Wilson, Eric (December 28, 2006).
"The Devil Likes Attention". The New York Times.
Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved January 29, 2007.