Tày | |
---|---|
Tiểng Tày, Thổ | |
Native to | Vietnam |
Ethnicity | Tày |
Native speakers | 1.63 million (2009) [1] |
Latin (modified
Vietnamese alphabet) Chữ Nôm Tày Sawndip | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
tyz |
Glottolog |
tayy1238 |
Tày or Thổ (a name shared with the unrelated Thổ and Cuoi languages) is the major Tai language of Vietnam, spoken by more than a million Tày people in Northeastern Vietnam.
Tày linguistic varieties include the following: [2] [3]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | pʲ | t | c | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | pʰʲ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | bʲ | d | ||||
implosive | ɓ | ɓʲ | ɗ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | x | h | ||
voiced | v | z | ɣ | ||||
lateral | ɬ | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɯ | u | |
High-mid | e | o | ||
Mid | ə əː | |||
Low-mid | ɛ | ɐ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | ie | ɯə | uo |
Six tones are present in Cao Bẳng Tày:
a̋ | ˥ |
a᷄ | ˦˥ |
á | ˦ |
ā | ˧ |
à | ˨ |
a᷆ | ˨˩ |
English | Tày | Zhuang | Thai | Vietnamese | Middle Chinese | Proto Tai |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
one | nâng, đeo, êt | it | nueng หนึ่ง, -et -เอ็ด | nừng (obsolete word meaning few) [5] | ʔiɪt̚ | *nɯːŋᴮ |
two | sloong, nhỉ | ngeih | song สอง | ȵiɪH | *soːŋᴬ, from Middle Chinese 雙 (MC ʃˠʌŋ, “two”) | |
three | slam | sam | sam สาม | sɑm | *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm, “three”) | |
four | slí | seiq | si สี่ | siɪH | *siːᴮ (“four”), from Middle Chinese 四 (MC siɪH, “four”) | |
five | hả | haj | ha ห้า | ŋaːʔ | *haːꟲ (“five”), from Old Chinese 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “five”) | |
six | hốc, hôc, xốc | loek | hok หก | *ruɡ | *krokᴰ (“six”), from Old Chinese 六 (OC *ruɡ, “six”) | |
seven | chêt | caet | chet เจ็ด | t͡sʰiɪt̚ | *cetᴰ (“seven”), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC t͡sʰiɪt̚, “seven”) | |
eight | pet | bed | paet แปด | pˠɛt̚ | *peːtᴰ (“eight”), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚, “eight”) | |
nine | cẩu | giuj | kao เก้า | kɨuX | *kɤwꟲ (“nine”), from Middle Chinese 九 (MC kɨuX, “nine”) | |
ten | slip | cib | sip สิบ | d͡ʑiɪp̚ | From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚, “ten”) | |
hundred | pac | bak | roi ร้อย | pˠæk̚ | *roːjꟲ | |
hundred and one | pac lình êt | bak lingz it | nueng roi et หนึ่งร้อยเอ็ด | |||
thousand | xiên | cien | phan พัน | t͡sʰen | ||
ten thousand | fản | fanh | muen หมื่น | mʉɐnH | From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH) | |
language | tiểng | siang เสียง (sound) | tiếng | ɕiᴇŋ |
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