Sre | |
---|---|
Kơho | |
Native to | Vietnam |
Native speakers | 200,000 (2019 census) [1] |
Latin script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:
kpm – Kơho
cma – Maa |
Glottolog |
koho1243 |
Koho or K'Ho is a South Bahnaric language spoken by the Koho people and Mạ people, mainly in the Lâm Đồng Province of Vietnam. It is very close to the Mnong language.
The autonym of the Kơho people is kon cau (IPA [kɔn.caw]) while Koho (IPA [kəˈhɔ]) is a Cham exonym. [2]
There are at least twelve Kơho dialect groups for the area: Chil (Cil, Til); Kalop (Tulop); Kơyon (Kodu, Co-Don); Làc (Làt, Lach); Mà (Mạ, Maa); Nồp (Nop, Xre Nop, Noup); Pru; Ryông Tô (Riồng, Rion); Sop, Sre (Chau Sơre, Xrê); Talà (To La); and Tring (Trinh). Although Mạ/Maa is a Koho dialect group, the Mạ people identify as a separate ethnic group. [3] [2]
Data below are from Olsen (2015). [2]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | Voiceless | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ | kʰ | ||
Voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Fricative | s | h | ||||
Rhotic | r | |||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | p | t | c | k | ʔ | |
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Fricative | s | h | ||||
Rhotic | r | |||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | /i/ | /ɨ~ɯ/ | /u/ |
Close-mid | /e/ | /ǝ/ | /o/ |
Open-mid | /ɛ/ | /ɔ/ | |
Low | /a/ | /ɑ/ |
Compounding is a common way of coining new words in Koho. Some examples:
One of the more productive prefixes in Sre is the causative tơn- [tən-], converts intransitive verbs to causative verbs. If the prefixed verbs have a nasal initial, then the nasal cluster avoidance rule applied.
Word | Meaning | Prefixed form | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
duh [duh] | to be hot | tơnduh [tənduh] | to make hot |
chơt [cʰət] | to die | tơnchơt [təncʰət] | to kill |
ring [riŋ] | to be flat, level, equal | tơnring [tənriŋ] | to equalize, make right |
mut [mut] | to enter | tơmut [təmut] | to make enter |
muu [muː] | to descend, go down | tơmuu [təmuː] | to make descend, to lower |