^Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998.
^Kim was referred to as supreme leader in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been de factoleader of North Korea throughout.
^The Palestinian head of state is the
president and
prime minister. Despite its existing status internationally as a mostly
recognized state, it controls parts of the
West Bank, but lacks any authority in the
Gaza Strip, which is taken over by
Hamas militant group since 2007.
^The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is
head of state and
government collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^Titled President of the Council of State until 10 October 2019.
^Title changed from Chairman to General Secretary on 10 January 2021.
^Title changed from Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly to Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2021.
^Acceded to the Russian Federation in September 2022
^Acceded to the Russian Federation in September 2022
External links
CIDOB Foundation(in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
Portale Storia(in Spanish)—a list of current rulers by country
Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories