Zaj was an
experimental music and
performance art group formed in 1959 in
Milan,
Italy by composers and intermedia artists
Walter Marchetti and
Juan Hidalgo, with the support of the American composer
John Cage. The group received major contributions by different artists from the Spanish avant-garde scene, notably from the writer and diplomat
José Luis Castillejo and from the interdisciplinary artist
Esther Ferrer. During the 1960s, members of Zaj took part in different
Fluxus events organised by
George Maciunas. With the help of John Cage and his agent
Mimi Johnson, Zaj also toured in the United States in the late 1970s. The group officially disbanded in 1993.
Barber, Llorenç, Juan Hidalgo, Ritmo. Vol. 566, 1986, pp. 112–13,
ISSN0035-5658
Charles, Daniel, Performance (art et esthétique), Encyclopedia Universalis, France
Hidalgo, Juan (w. John Cage, Morton Feldman, Leopoldo La Rosa, Walter Marchetti), Rumoriallarotonda, CD booklet (32 pages), ALGA MARGHEN, ITALY, ALGA 031CD, 1998
La Motte-Haber, Helga de, Die Gruppe Zaj: Cage-Rezeption in romanischen Ländern (Grupo Zaj: Cage reception in Romance countries), Positionen: Beiträge zur Neuen Musik. no. 21, pp. 32–33. Nov 1994,
ISSN0941-4711
Leyva Sanjuan, Antonio, Zaj: A conversation with Juan Hidalgo, Crónica. Vol. 3, no. 42, 1991, pp. 32–33,
ISSN1131-6705
Medina Álvarez, Ángel, Primeras oleadas de vanguardistas en el área de Madrid (The first waves of the avant-garde in the Madrid area), in López-Calo, José (ed.), Spain in Western Music, Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Cultura, 1987. 403, 504 pp
Sarmiento, José Antonio, Críticas a un concierto Zaj (Reviews of a concert by Zaj), Cuenca, Spain: Ediciones + 491, 1991