WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents was first produced in 1990 by the
World Health Organization[1] and updated in September 2005. It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic
HIVdisease.[2]
Following infection with HIV, the rate of clinical disease progression varies enormously between individuals. Many factors such as host susceptibility and immune function,[2][3][4] health care and co-infections,[5][6][7] as well as factors relating to the viral strain [8][9] may affect the rate of clinical disease progression.
Revised World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Staging of HIV/AIDS For Adults and Adolescents (2005)
(This is the interim
African Region version for persons aged 15 years or more who have had a positive HIV antibody test or other laboratory evidence of HIV infection)
(The
United Nations defines adolescents as persons aged 10−19 years but for surveillance purposes, the category of adults and adolescents comprises people aged 15 years and over)
And/or performance scale 4: bedridden > 50% of the day during last month.
(*) HIV wasting syndrome: weight loss of > 10% of body weight, plus either unexplained chronic diarrhoea (> 1 month) or chronic weakness and unexplained prolonged fever (> 1 month).
(**) HIV encephalopathy: clinical findings of disabling cognitive and/or motor dysfunction interfering with activities of daily living, progressing over weeks to months, in the absence of a concurrent illness or condition other than HIV infection which could explain the findings.
^Clerici M, Balotta C, Meroni L, Ferrario E, Riva C, Trabattoni D, Ridolfo A, Villa M, Shearer GM, Moroni M, Galli M (1996). "Type 1 cytokine production and low prevalence of viral isolation correlate with long-term nonprogression in HIV infection". AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 12 (11): 1053–1061.
doi:
10.1089/aid.1996.12.1053.
PMID8827221.
^Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich A, Weisman Z (1995). "Immune activation is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of African AIDS". Immunol Today. 16 (4): 187–191.
doi:
10.1016/0167-5699(95)80119-7.
PMID7734046.
^Quinones-Mateu ME, Mas A, Lain de Lera T, Soriano V, Alcami J, Lederman MM, Domingo E (1998). "LTR and tat variability of HIV-1 isolates from patients with divergent rates of disease progression". Virus Res. 57 (1): 11–20.
doi:
10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00082-3.
PMID9833881.