Vurës | |
---|---|
Vureas | |
Pronunciation | [βyˈrœs] |
Native to | Vanuatu |
Region | Vanua Lava |
Native speakers | 2,000 (2016) [1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
msn (shared with
Mwesen) |
Glottolog |
vure1239 |
ELP | Vurës |
Vurës is not endangered according to the classification system of the
UNESCO
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
Vurës (Vureas, Vures) is an Oceanic language spoken in the southern area of Vanua Lava Island, in the Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu, by about 2000 speakers. [2]
Vurës was described by linguist Catriona Malau, in the form of a grammar [2] and a dictionary. [3]
The name Vurës [βyˈrœs] is named after the bay located in southwestern Vanua Lava in the language itself. In Mota, the bay is referred to as Vureas [βureas]. Cognates in other Torres-Banks languages include Mwotlap Vuyes [βuˈjɛs] and Mwesen Vures [βuˈrɛs]. These come from a reconstructed Proto-Torres–Banks form *βureas(i,u), with an unknown final high vowel.
Vurës shows enough similarities with the neighbouring language Mwesen that the two have sometimes been considered dialects of a single language, sometimes called Mosina (after the name of Mwesen village in the language Mota). And indeed, a 2018 glottometric study has calculated that Vurës and Mwesen share 85% of their historical innovations, revealing a long history of shared development between these two lects. [4]
However, studies have shown that Mwesen and Vurës have various dissimilarities, e.g. in their vowel systems, [5] in their noun articles, [6] in their pronoun paradigms [7] [8] — enough to be considered clearly distinct.
Labial- velar |
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | k͡pʷ ⟨q⟩ | t̪ ⟨t⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | ( ʔ) | ||
prenasal | ᵐb ⟨b⟩ | ⁿd̪ ⟨d⟩ | |||||
Nasal | ŋ͡mʷ ⟨m̄⟩ | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨n̄⟩ | |||
Fricative | β ⟨v⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ||||
Liquid | rhotic | r ⟨r⟩ | |||||
lateral | l ⟨l⟩ | ||||||
Semivowel | w ⟨w⟩ |
Vurës has 9 phonemic vowels. These are all short monophthongs /i e ɛ a œ ø y ɔ o/: [10] [11]
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
plain | round | ||
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | y ⟨u⟩ | ( ʊ) ⟨u⟩ |
Close-mid | e ⟨ē⟩ | ø ⟨ö⟩ | o ⟨ō⟩ |
Open-mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | œ ⟨ë⟩ | ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
La masawre i no no gö mörös nana qan̄ris o qiat, nana qēs o ralēt, qēs lēt lēt qēt, na van me, na sēs o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl o vet ni van lē m̄ēkē qan̄ris, bun bun qēt o vet, mē qēt na ukëg o ev ni ës ti.
'When I want to bake taro, I break up the firewood, break up all the firewood, then I come and I take the stones out of the oven. I take out all the stones from the oven, I get the firewood, and I make the fire. I build up the fire, then I put the stones back on top of the oven, I put all the stones back, then I leave the fire to smoke.' [13]