Its
manner of articulation is
tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
Its
place of articulation is
retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated
subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is
postalveolar without being
palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be
apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,
laminal (flat).
Its
phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an
oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a
central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Apical postalveolar. Allophone of /l/, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a
postalveolar trill or simply [
l] instead.[8]
^Dixon, R.M.W (1977). A Grammar of Yidiɲ. London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
ISBN978-0-521-14242-7.
References
dos Santos, Manoel Gomes (2006), Uma gramática do Wapixana (Aruak): aspectos da fonologia, da morfologia e da sintaxe (PhD thesis), Campinas: University of Campinas,
doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2006.368861,
hdl:
20.500.12733/1602812
Okada, Hideo (1999),
"Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119,
ISBN978-0-52163751-0
Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001),
"Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 281–285,
doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
Vance, Timothy J. (2008), The Sounds of Japanese, Cambridge University Press,
ISBN978-0-5216-1754-3