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Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (
Russian: Василий Макарович Шукшин; 25 July 1929 – 2 October 1974) was a
SovietRussian writer,[1] actor, screenwriter and film director from the
Altai region who specialized in rural themes.[2][3][4] A prominent member of the
Village Prose movement, he began writing short stories in his early teenage years and later transition to acting by his late 20s.
Biography
Vasiliy Makarovich Shukshin was born on 25 July 1929 to a peasant family of
assimilatedMoksha Mordvin[5] origin in the village of
Srostki near
Biysk in
Siberian Krai,
Soviet Union (now in
Altai Krai,
Russia). In 1933, his father, Makar Leontievich Shukshin, was arrested and executed on the charges of participating in an "anti-
kolkhoz plot" during the
Soviet collectivization. He was only rehabilitated 23 years later, in 1956.[6][better source needed] His mother, Maria Sergeyevna (née Popova), had to look after the survival of the entire family. By 1943 Shukshin had finished seven years of village school and entered an automobile technical school in
Biysk. In 1945, after two and a half years at the school, but before finishing, he quit to work in a
kolkhoz.[citation needed]
In 1946 Shukshin left his native village and worked as a metal craftsman at several enterprises in the trust Soyuzprommekhanizatsiya: at the turbine plant in
Kaluga,[7] at the tractor plant in
Vladimir, etc. In 1949, Shukshin was drafted into the
Navy. He first served as a sailor in the
Baltic Fleet, then a radio operator on the
Black Sea. In 1953 he was demobilized due to a
stomach ulcer and returned to his native village. Having passed an external exam for high school graduation, he became a teacher of Russian, and later a school principal in Srostki.[citation needed]
In 1954 Shukshin entered the directors' department of the
VGIK, studied under
Mikhail Romm and
Sergei Gerasimov, and graduated in 1960. While studying at VGIK in 1958, Shukshin had his first leading role in
Marlen Khutsiyev's film Two Fedors and appeared in the graduation film by
Andrei Tarkovsky.[7]
In 1958 Shukhin published his first short story "Two on the cart" in the magazine Smena. His first collection of stories Сельские жители (Village Dwellers) was published in 1963. That same year, he became staff director at the
Gorky Film Studio in Moscow. He wrote and directed Живёт такой парень (There Is This Lad). The film premiered in 1965, winning top honours at the
All-Union Film Festival in
Leningrad and the
Golden Lion at the
XVI International Film Festival in
Venice. Shukshin was decorated with the
Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1967), and was designated Distinguished Artist of the RSFSR (1969).[7]
Shukshin's main interest lay in the situation of ordinary, simple people in the present-day Soviet Union. He laced his films both with humor and with a melancholy tone.[citation needed]
Since 1964, he was married to actress
Lidiya Fedoseyeva, who also appeared in several of his films. They have a daughter,
Mariya (born 1967), who is a TV presenter.[citation needed]
Snowball Berry Red and Other Stories, Ardis Publishers, 1979.
Short Stories, Raduga Publishers, 1990.
Roubles in Words, Kopeks in Figures, Marion Boyars, 1994.
Stories from a Siberian Village, Northern Illinois University Press, 1996.
Theatre adaptation
Latvian theatre director
Alvis Hermanis adapted eight of Shuksin's short stories for stage, in a collaboration with the
Theatre of Nations in
Moscow, entitled Shuksin's Stories or Shuksin's Tales. As of 2021[update] it is still touring the world, having first being staged in around 2009, and has won several awards.[9] Starring
Evgeny Mironov, the play was staged at
The Barbican in
London in October 2019.[10][11]
^«Мы процентов на 90 - мордва...» [We are 90% Mordvin] - Vecherniy Saransk, 29 April 2016. Quote from Shukshin's daughter:
«Почему Саранск? Мы мордва. Предки Василия Макаровича из Мордовии, мы знаем, что сначала они переселились в Самарскую область, а затем в Алтайский край.»
["Why
Saransk? Because we are Mordvin. The ancestors of Vasily Shukshin came from Mordovia; we know they first settled in
Samara Oblast and then in
Altai Krai"]