I did a very thorough check of all the literature related to Megavitamin-B6 syndrome, most of it didn't make the cut for the article, but I've included a list of everything I cut out and tried to indicate why.
Too old?
Windebank, Anthony J. (1985). "Neurotoxicity of pyridoxine analogs is related to coenzyme structure". Neurochemical Pathology. 3 (3): 159–167.
doi:
10.1007/BF02834268.
ISSN0734-600X.
Sources/facts More appropriate in vitmain b6 article
"Most of the absored nonphosphorylated vitamin b6 goes to the liver, and certain forms of the vitamin (pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pridoxamine) are converted to their respective 5'-phosphates by pyruddoxial kinase. Vitamin B6 can be bound to proteins in tissues, which limits accumulation at very high intakes. When this capacity is exceeded, nonphosphorylated forms of vitamin b6 are released by the liver and other tissues in to the circulation.A At pharmacological doses of vitamin b6 high amounts accumulate in the muscle, plasma and erythrocytes when other tissues are saturated... Most of the body's vitamin b6 is found in the muscle; the muscle pool of the vitamin appears to very slowly turn over. Vitamin B6 is oxidized in the liver and then released and primarily excreted in the urine." in Institute of Medicine (29 September 2006).
Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. National Academies Press. pp. 184–.
ISBN978-0-309-15742-1.
Coburn, S P; Ziegler, P J; Costill, D L; Mahuren, J D; Fink, W J; Schaltenbrand, W E; Pauly, T A; Pearson, D R; Conn, P S; Guilarte, T R (1991). "Response of vitamin B-6 content of muscle to changes in vitamin B-6 intake in men". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53 (6): 1436–1442.
doi:
10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1436.
ISSN0002-9165.
PMID2035470. ("These data provide further confirmation that the vitamin B-6 pools in skeletal muscle are resistant to depletion. They also demonstrate that in humans with constant body weight, vitamin B-6 supplementation is not associated with marked increases in vitamin B-6 in muscle.")
"Of circulating vitamin B6, 60 % is PLP [1]. The half-life of pyridoxine is up to 20 days. The major inactive metabolite 4-pyridoxal acid is excreted in the urine [5]." in Kennedy, Ashleigh; Schaeffer, Tammi (2016). "Pyridoxine". Critical Care Toxicology. pp. 1–4.
doi:
10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_174-1.
ISBN978-3-319-20790-2.
"Steroid hormone action.... Over the last 15 years a completely new function of vitamin B6 has been discovered; in regulating the actions of steroid hormones such as the oestrogens, progesterone and testosterone. These hormones all act by entering the cells of target tissues and binding to a receptor protein in the nucleus which then binds to DNA and regulates the expression of genes. Pyridoxal phosphate specifically binds to the hormone receptor protein in the nucleus and displaces it from DNA binding, so terminating the action of the hormone.... In vitamin B6 deficiency there is increased and prolonged retention of steroid hormones in the nucleus, together with increased responsiveness of target tissues to the actions of low concentrations of hormones. Conversely, concentrations of vitamin B6 greater than those normally found in tissues lead to reduced sensitivity to hormone action (Allgood and Cidlowski, 1992; Bender, 1987, 1994).... Although most of the body’s vitamin B6 is in muscle, associated with glycogen phosphorylase, this pool of the vitamin is only metabolized slowly; it is the 20 per cent of the total body content involved in amino acid metabolism and steroid hormone action that is metabolized rapidly. In studies of vitamin B6 requirements in which volunteers are deprived of the vitamin until specific biochemical signs of deficiency develop, and are then repleted with graded doses of the vitamin, it is found that depletion occurs faster, and repletion requires a higher intake, when the subjects are fed a high protein diet. Estimates of average requirements are therefore related to protein intake, and the reference nutrient intake (RNI) is based on 15µg of vitamin B6 per gram of dietary protein (Bender, 1989; Department of Health, 1991). This leads to RNIs for adults of between 1.4‐2.0mg/day (see Table I). For nutritional labelling of foods, the reference intake is 2.0mg/day.... High intakes of vitamin B6 supplements can lead to nerve damage. Schaumburg et al. (1983) reported the development of peripheral sensory neuropathy in seven patients who had been taking supplements of vitamin B6 in excess of 1g/day for several months. When the supplements were withdrawn, the patients showed some recovery of nerve function, but there was persistent damage in some cases....Bender, David A. (1997). "Vitamin B6". Nutrition & Food Science. 97 (4): 128–133.
doi:
10.1108/00346659710179642.
ISSN0034-6659.
"stored in tissue, amount 50mg to 150mg (total stored in body, muscle, brain, liver, etc)." also regarding b12 page 234, b12 is so safe that it's sometimes used as a placebo (it has a red color in transparent syringes), and it's intestinal uptake is limited so dosages of several hundred times the nutritional requirements are safe. Jim Mann; Stewart Truswell (26 January 2012).
"Chapter 13: The B Vitamins". Essentials of Human Nutrition. OUP Oxford. pp. 224–226.
ISBN978-0-19-956634-1.
Ulvik, A.; Vollset, S. E.; Hoff, G.; Ueland, P. M. (2008). "Coffee Consumption and Circulating B-Vitamins in Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (9): 1489–1496.
doi:
10.1373/clinchem.2008.103465.
ISSN0009-9147.
Chattopadhyay, Munmun; Goss, James; Lacomis, David; Goins, William C.; Glorioso, Joseph C.; Mata, Marina; Fink, David J. (2003). "Protective effect of HSV-mediated gene transfer of nerve growth factor in pyridoxine neuropathy demonstrates functional activity of trkA receptors in large sensory neurons of adult animals". European Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (4): 732–740.
doi:
10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02500.x.
ISSN0953-816X.
PMID12603263. (NRT-3, borderline)
Mitchell, E. Siobhan; Conus, Nelly; Kaput, Jim (2014). "B vitamin polymorphisms and behavior: Evidence of associations with neurodevelopment, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive decline". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 47: 307–320.
doi:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.006.
ISSN0149-7634.
PMID25173634.
Mata, Marina; Chattopadhyay, Munmun; Fink, David J (2006). "Gene therapy for the treatment of sensory neuropathy". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 6 (5): 499–507.
doi:
10.1517/14712598.6.5.499.
ISSN1471-2598.
PMID16610979. (NT-3 also protects against many of the features of pure large-fibre sensory neuropathy induced by pyridoxine (PDX) (vitamin B6) overdose)
Wason, Suman (1981). "Single High-Dose Pyridoxine Treatment for Isoniazid Overdose". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 246 (10): 1102.
doi:
10.1001/jama.1981.03320100038026.
ISSN0098-7484.
Helgren, Maureen E.; Cliffer, Kenneth D.; Torrento, Kim; Cavnor, Chris; Curtis, Rory; DiStefano, Peter S.; Wiegand, Stanley J.; Lindsay, Ronald M. (1997). "Neurotrophin-3 Administration Attenuates Deficits of Pyridoxine-Induced Large-Fiber Sensory Neuropathy". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (1): 372–382.
doi:
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00372.1997.
ISSN0270-6474.
Morra, M.; Philipszoon, H. D.; d'Andrea, G.; Cananzi, A. R.; l'Erario, R.; Milone, F. F. (1993). "Sensory and motor neuropathy caused by excessive ingestion of vitamin B6: a case report". Functional Neurology. 8 (6): 429–32.
PMID8150322.
Dordain G, Deffond D. Neuropathies à la pyridoxine. Revue de la littérature. Thérapie 1994; 49:333–337
Albin, R. L.; Albers, J. W. (1990). "Long-term follow-up of pyridoxine-induced acute sensory neuropathy-neuronopathy". Neurology. 40 (8): 1319.
doi:
10.1212/WNL.40.8.1319.
ISSN0028-3878.
PMID2166252.
Burda, Anthony M.; Sigg, Todd; Wahl, Michael (2002). "Possible adverse reactions to preservatives in high-dose pyridoxine hydrochloride i.v. injection". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 59 (19): 1886–1887.
doi:
10.1093/ajhp/59.19.1886.
ISSN1079-2082.
PMID12374079.
LoVecchio, Frank; Curry, Steve C.; Graeme, Kimberlie A.; Wallace, Kevin L.; Suchard, Jeffrey (2001). "Intravenous pyridoxine-induced metabolic acidosis". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 38 (1): 62–64.
doi:
10.1067/mem.2001.115622.
ISSN0196-0644.
PMID11423814.
Albin, R. L.; Albers, J. W.; Greenberg, H. S.; Townsend, J. B.; Lynn, R. B.; Burke, J. M.; Alessi, A. G. (1987). "Acute sensory neuropathy-neuronopathy from pyridoxine overdose". Neurology. 37 (11): 1729–32.
doi:
10.1212/WNL.37.11.1729.
ISSN0028-3878.
PMID2823181.
Friedman, Michael A.; Resnick, Jerome S.; Baer, Rudolf L. (1986). "Subepidermal vesicular dermatosis and sensory peripheral neuropathy caused by pyridoxine abuse". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 14 (5): 915–917.
doi:
10.1016/S0190-9622(86)70112-6.
ISSN0190-9622.
PMID3011864. (cited in the 9.6g/day paper)
Historic or seminal
Weigand, C. G.; Eckler, C. R.; Chen, K. K. (1940). "Action and Toxicity of Vitamin B6 Hydrochloride". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 44 (1): 147–151.
doi:
10.3181/00379727-44-11384.
ISSN1535-3702.
Spies, Tom D.; Bean, William B.; Ashe, William F. (1939). "A Note on the Use of Vitamin B6 in Human Nutrition". Journal of the American Medical Association. 112 (23): 2414.
doi:
10.1001/jama.1939.62800230005012d.
ISSN0002-9955.
Schneider, Robert A. (1964-10-01).
"Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Toxicity Literature Review"(PDF). The literature from 1940 through June 1963 was surveyed to summarize the data from pyridoxine toxicity studies in animals and to ascertain the highest doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6 analogs) that have been administered to human subjects as a therapeutic measure with no clinical evidence of toxicity. Analysis of the data indicated that doses of 25 mg/kg pyridoxine hydrochloride should be well tolerated as a therapeutic measure when required. In particular, pyridoxine hydrochloride can be used when required in the specific treatment of a clinical entity such as acute UDMH intoxication.{{
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (
help)
Cohen, Marvin; Bendich, Adrianne (1986). "Safety of pyridoxine — A review of human and animal studies". Toxicology Letters. 34 (2–3): 129–139.
doi:
10.1016/0378-4274(86)90202-X.
ISSN0378-4274.
PMID3541289. ("Doses less than 500 mg/day appear to be safe on the basis of literature reports where the compound was administered for periods ranging from 6 months to 6 years.")
Phillips, W.E.J.; Mills, J.H.L.; Charbonneau, S.M.; Tryphonas, L.; Hatina, G.V.; Zawidzka, Z.; Bryce, F.R.; Munro, I.C. (1978). "Subacute toxicity of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the beagle dog". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 44 (2): 323–333.
doi:
10.1016/0041-008X(78)90194-1.
ISSN0041-008X.
PMID675705. ("... but with higher doses or the long-term administration of as little as 200mg/day, ataxia, muscle weakness, and progressive neurotoxicity occurred.")
Bässler, K. H. (1989). "Use and abuse of high dosages of vitamin B6". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Supplement. 30: 120–6.
PMID2507692. ("Furthermore, there appears to be an inverse relationship between the dose and the time up to the occurrence of toxic symptoms.")
Berger, A. R.; Schaumburg, H. H.; Schroeder, C.; Apfel, S.; Reynolds, H. (1992). "Dose response, coasting, and differential fiber vulnerability in human toxic neuropathy: A prospective study of pyridoxine neurotoxicity". Neurology. 42 (7): 1367–70.
doi:
10.1212/WNL.42.7.1367.
ISSN0028-3878.
PMID1620347. (this might be the first coasting paper)
Very high doses were also found to be well-tolerated as a treatment for
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) intoxication. in Schneider, Robert A. (1964-10-01).
"Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Toxicity Literature Review"(PDF). The literature from 1940 through June 1963 was surveyed to summarize the data from pyridoxine toxicity studies in animals and to ascertain the highest doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6 analogs) that have been administered to human subjects as a therapeutic measure with no clinical evidence of toxicity. Analysis of the data indicated that doses of 25 mg/kg pyridoxine hydrochloride should be well tolerated as a therapeutic measure when required. In particular, pyridoxine hydrochloride can be used when required in the specific treatment of a clinical entity such as acute UDMH intoxication.{{
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (
help)
Krinke, G.; Schaumburg, H. H.; Spencer, P. S.; Suter, J.; Thomann, P.; Hess, R. (1981). "Pyridoxine megavitaminosis produces degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons (sensory neuronopathy) in the dog". Neurotoxicology. 2 (1): 13–24.
PMID15622720. (study on dogs)
Gonzalez, Luis E.; Parada, Marco A.; Hernandez, Luis (1992). "Pyridoxine acts in the brain to reduce ethanol toxicity in rats". Alcohol. 9 (6): 519–522.
doi:
10.1016/0741-8329(92)90090-W.
ISSN0741-8329.
PMID1472308. (reduces the effects of alcohol in rats)
Elliott, Patricia; Hoover-Plow, Jane (1989). "Excess dietary vitamin B6 alters water maze performance in two strains of mice". Nutrition Research. 9 (8): 873–888.
doi:
10.1016/S0271-5317(89)80033-8.
ISSN0271-5317. (maze performance of rats)
Samour, Jaime; Perlman, Janine; Kinne, Jörg; Baskar, Vijay; Wernery, Ulrich; Dorrestein, Gerry (2016). "Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) Toxicosis in Falcons". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 47 (2): 601–608.
doi:
10.1638/2015-0172.1.
ISSN1042-7260.
PMID27468034. (falcons, this one is super sad)
Krinke, Georg; Naylor, Dennis C.; Skorpil, Vladimir (1985). "Pyridoxine Megavitaminosis". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 44 (2): 117–129.
doi:
10.1097/00005072-198503000-00001.
ISSN0022-3069. (in rats, and mentioned in other sources)
Lui, A.; Lumeng, L.; Aronoff, G. R.; Li, T. K. (1985). "Relationship between body store of vitamin B6 and plasma pyridoxal-P clearance: metabolic balance studies in humans". The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 106 (5): 491–7.
PMID4056565.
Medicine, Institute of (2006-09-29).
Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements.
ISBN9780309157421. (mentions "b6 accumulates in the muscle "At pharmacological doses of vitamin b6, high amounts accumulate in the muscle, plasma, and erythrocytes with other tissues are saturated. Most of the body's vitamin b6 is found in the muscle; the muscle pool of the vitamin appears to very slowly turn over. Vitamin B6 is oxidized in the liver and then released and primarily excreted in the urine." but I don't see much direct relevance here)
"The Effect of Exercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements". National Academies Press (US). 1993. {{
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (
help) (PLP increased following exercise for a 20-50 minutes, then returned to baseline after 30 minutes -- other very interesting tidbits about exercise and diet and b6. mentions b6 stored in the liver?)
Van Den Berg, H.; Bogaards, J. J.; Sinkeldam, E. J.; Schreurs, W. H. (1982). "Effect of different levels of vitamin B6 in the diet of rats on the content of pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in the liver". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International de Vitaminologie et de Nutrition. 52 (4): 407–16.
PMID7160968. (more on b6 and liver)
Krinke, G.J.; Fitzgerald, R.E. (1988). "The pattern of pyridoxine-induced lesion: Difference between the high and the low toxic level". Toxicology. 49 (1): 171–178.
doi:
10.1016/0300-483X(88)90190-4.
ISSN0300-483X.
PMID3376123. (super interesting, but not useful in the article)
Hellmann, Hanjo; Mooney, Sutton (2010).
"Vitamin B6: A Molecule for Human Health?". Molecules. 15 (1): 442–459.
doi:
10.3390/molecules15010442.
ISSN1420-3049.
PMC6257116.
PMID20110903.{{
cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link) (“ A recent U.S. study, which tested the blood PLP levels in around 8,000 patients, demonstrated a widespread deficiency of the vitamin among all tested subgroups, and the authors suggested an increase of the daily allowance from around 2 mg to 3 to 4.9 mg per day [30]”)
Cupa, N; Schulte, D M; Ahrens, M; Schreiber, S; Laudes, M (2015). "nomnomVitamin B6 intoxication after inappropriate supplementation with micronutrients following bariatric surgery". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 69 (7): 862–863.
doi:
10.1038/ejcn.2015.83.
ISSN0954-3007.
PMID26039319. ("Differential diagnoses such as adrenal insufficiency were ruled out, but biochemical analysis demonstrated unusual high pyridoxine serum levels (vitamin B6). History revealed the intake of 300 mg of vitamin B6 per day over 6 months as described by her general practitioner. All symptoms disappeared after the discontinuation of vitamin B6 supplementation. Importantly, in contrast to many other vitamins and supplements, there is no evidence in the literature of the occurrence of vitamin B6 deficiency after bariatric surgery. Therefore, supplementation of vitamins and supplements in bariatric patients has to be carefully considered according to the existing clinical guidelines, as uncritical oversupplementation of micronutrients might result in intoxication and serious illness as presented here.")
Senator BERNARDI (2008-08-27).
"ParlInfo - ADJOURNMENT : Herbal Supplements". Recently, the Therapeutic Goods Administration sent out a warning about excessive vitamin B6 intake after it was reported that two women began receiving 'electric shocks' to their feet and lower legs. (was discussed in the Australian parliment, found the source referenced)
"Vitamin B6". 2014-04-22. (not sure about the
WP:MEDRS status here, but LPI strikes me as borderline)
Bernstein AL. Vitamin B6 in clinical neurology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:250-260.
Reeser, J (2014). "Acute Left Sided Numbness and Weakness in a Weightlifter". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 48 (7): 654.2–654.
doi:
10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.251.
ISSN0306-3674. (interesting single case study, no significant review)
Mikalunas, Vida; Fitzgerald, Kathleen; Rubin, Halina; McCarthy, Roberta; Craig, Robert M. (2001).
"Abnormal Vitamin Levels in Patients Receiving Home Total Parenteral Nutrition". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 33 (5): 393–396.
doi:
10.1097/00004836-200111000-00010.
PMID11606856. ("Patients with chronic renal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition, HPN, with multivitamins may develop elevated pyridoxine levels, which might result in neurologic sequelae." this is interesting, but I don't it could be included without running a foul of
WP:SYN)
Dart, Richard C. (2004).
Medical Toxicology.
ISBN9780781728454. (there's a bit in here about Isoniazid, INH, isonicotinic hydrazide poisioning, but I don't think it's relevant).
Tero-Vescan, Amelia; Imre, Silvia; Vari, Camil-Eugen; Toma, Anamaria; Ősz, Bianca-Eugenia (2018). "Risks associated with sub- and overdosing of water-soluble vitamins in professional or amateur athletes and the quality of dietary supplements". Palestrica of the Third Millennium - Civilization and Sport. 19 (2): 92–97.
doi:
10.26659/pm3.2018.19.2.92.
ISSN2601-2537. (appears to be more about the testing method than anything else)
Kanarek, Robin B.; Marks-Kaufman, Robin (1991). "Too Much of a Good Thing? Excess Intake of Vitamins and Minerals". Nutrition and Behavior. pp. 79–101.
doi:
10.1007/978-1-4684-6596-9_5.
ISBN978-1-4684-6598-3. (very good discussion of megavitamin therapy)
Kennedy, David (2016).
"B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review". Nutrients. 8 (2): 68.
doi:
10.3390/nu8020068.
ISSN2072-6643.
PMC4772032.
PMID26828517.{{
cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link) very good discussion of all things b-vitamin, including tolerable upper limits (TULs) on folate, niacin and b6. Notes "The final B vitamin with an ascribed upper limit is vitamin B6 which has an upper limit set at 100 mg/day (approximately 75 × RDA) in the US on the basis of case reports of reversible sensory neuropathy following doses in excess of 1000 mg taken for extended periods. However, it is notable that multiple clinical trials entailing consuming up to 750 mg/day of vitamin B6 for a number of years have demonstrated a lack of neuropathic side effects [15]." ... don't know that it's relevant here.
Visser, Nora A.; Notermans, Nicolette C.; Degen, Lieveke A. R.; de Kruijk, Jelle R.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Vrancken, Alexander F. J. E. (2014). "Chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy and vitamin B6: a controlled population-based study". Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 19 (2): 136–144.
doi:
10.1111/jns5.12063.
ISSN1085-9489.
PMID24813907. ("On the basis of our prospective case–control study and review of the literature, an association between CIAP and vitamin B6 exposure or elevated vitamin B6 levels appears unlikely.")
Verbiest, Henk B.C.; van Woerkom, Theodoor C.A.M.; Dumas, Anne M.; Bots, Gerard Th.A.M.; Endtz, Lambertus J. (1990). "Subacute progressive sensory ataxic neuronopathy after Rickettsia conorii infection". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 92 (1): 81–85.
doi:
10.1016/0303-8467(90)90013-U.
ISSN0303-8467.
PMID2154361.
Kulkantrakorn, K. (2014). "Pyridoxine-induced sensory ataxic neuronopathy and neuropathy: Revisited". Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 35 (11): 1827–30.
doi:
10.1007/s10072-014-1902-6.
PMID25056196. (worst case 600mg/day 3-10 years, dozens of times the UL)
Clarkson, Priscilla M. (1993).
"Chapter 8:The Effect of Exercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements". In Marriot BM (ed.). Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). (PLP increases during exercise, is insignificant in sweat).
Leblanc, J. G.; Milani, C.; De Giori, G. S.; Sesma, F.; Van Sinderen, D.; Ventura, M. (2013). "Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: A gut microbiota perspective". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 24 (2): 160–8.
doi:
10.1016/j.copbio.2012.08.005.
PMID22940212.
Maslinska, Maria; Spychalska, Marta; Kwiatkowska, Brygida (2018). "Small fiber neuropathy as a part of fibromyalgia or a separate diagnosis?". International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 13 (6).
doi:
10.4172/1758-4272.1000210.
ISSN1758-4272.{{
cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
Chattopadhyay, Munmun; Wolfe, Darren; Huang, Shaohua; Goss, James; Glorioso, Joseph C.; Mata, Marina; Fink, David J. (2002). "In vivo gene therapy for pyridoxine-induced neuropathy by herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer of neurotrophin-3". Annals of Neurology. 51 (1): 19–27.
doi:
10.1002/ana.10061.
ISSN0364-5134.
Chattopadhyay, M. (2004). "Protective effect of herpes simplex virus-mediated neurotrophin gene transfer in cisplatin neuropathy". Brain. 127 (4): 929–939.
doi:
10.1093/brain/awh103.
ISSN1460-2156.
Exercise
Ying, Zhe; Roy, Roland R.; Edgerton, V.Reggie; Gómez-Pinilla, Fernando (2003). "Voluntary exercise increases neurotrophin-3 and its receptor TrkC in the spinal cord". Brain Research. 987 (1): 93–99.
doi:
10.1016/S0006-8993(03)03258-X.
ISSN0006-8993.
Water
Wolf, Ronni; Wolf, Danny; Rudikoff, Donald; Parish, Lawrence Charles (2010). "Nutrition and water: drinking eight glasses of water a day ensures proper skin hydration—myth or reality?". Clinics in Dermatology. 28 (4): 380–383.
doi:
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.022.
ISSN0738-081X.
Valtin, Heinz (2002). ""Drink at least eight glasses of water a day." Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 × 8"?". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 283 (5): R993–R1004.
doi:
10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002.
ISSN0363-6119.
Stookey, Jodi D.; Constant, Florence; Popkin, Barry M.; Gardner, Christopher D. (2008). "Drinking Water Is Associated With Weight Loss in Overweight Dieting Women Independent of Diet and Activity". Obesity. 16 (11): 2481–2488.
doi:
10.1038/oby.2008.409.
ISSN1930-7381.