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Le Jaf was born in New York City in 1925, and is an
Americanartist, painter and poet. During the 1940s she attended the
Art Students League of New York where she studied with
Will Barnet among others. Jaffee began to exhibit her
Abstract expressionist paintings during the late 1950s and 1960s in New York City and
Provincetown, Massachusetts.[1] During the late 1950s and the early 1960s she showed her work at the Phoenix Gallery in New York. [2]The Phoenix was a prominent gallery among the
10th Street galleries in New York City and it was an
avant-garde alternative to the Madison Avenue and 57th Street galleries that were both conservative and highly selective. During the 1970s Le Jaf's video work was exhibited at the Hundred Acres Gallery in New York City.[3] Among other works she has published several volumes of poetry.
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L J was born in New York City in 1925 and is an
Americanartist. During the 1940s she attended the
Art Students League of New York. J began to exhibit her
Abstract expressionist paintings during the 1950s and 1960s in New York City and
Provincetown, Massachusetts.[1] During the late 1950s and the early 1960s she showed her work at the Phoenix Gallery in New York. [2]The Phoenix was a prominent gallery among the
10th Street galleries in New York City and it was an
avant-garde alternative to the Madison Avenue and 57th Street galleries that were both conservative and highly selective. During the 1970s LJ's work was exhibited at the Hundred Acres Gallery in New York City.[3]
MALE MODERN ART NASTY LIMERICKS L J SIGNED,
{{US-painter-stub
Hypocrisy, double standards, Law, Peter Demian, Pastor Theo, Beta, Ecoleetage, personal attacks, gaming the system, rules apply to you but not to me, I do what I want, it's only a website...
Modernist (
talk) 15:19, 30 September 2009 (UTC)
($277,342 in current dollar terms)
Rococo developed first in the decorative arts and interior design in France.
Louis XV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion. By the end of the old king's reign, rich Baroque designs were giving way to lighter elements with more curves and natural patterns. The 1730s represented the height of Rococo development in France. The style had spread beyond architecture and furniture to painting and sculpture, exemplified by the works of
Antoine Watteau and
François Boucher. Rococo still maintained the Baroque taste for complex forms and intricate patterns, but by this point, it had begun to integrate a variety of diverse characteristics, including a taste for Oriental designs and asymmetric compositions.
The Rococo style spread with French artists and engraved publications. It was readily received in the Catholic parts of
Germany,
Bohemia, and
Austria, where it was merged with the lively German Baroque traditions. German Rococo was applied with enthusiasm to churches and palaces, particularly in the south, while
Frederician Rococo developed in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
William Hogarth helped develop a theoretical foundation for Rococo beauty. Though not intentionally referencing the movement, he argued in his Analysis of Beauty (1753) that the undulating lines and S-curves prominent in Rococo were the basis for grace and beauty in art or nature (unlike the straight line or the circle in
Classicism). The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like
Voltaire and
Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their criticism of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. Blondel decried the "ridiculous jumble of shells, dragons, reeds, palm-trees and plants" in contemporary interiors
[6].
By 1785, Rococo had passed out of fashion in France, replaced by the order and seriousness of
Neoclassical artists like
Jacques Louis David.
Baroque painting is associated with the
Baroquecultural movement, a movement often identified with
Absolutism and the
Counter Reformation or Catholic Revival;[1][2] the existence of important Baroque painting in non-absolutist and
Protestant states also, however, underscores it's popularity, as the style spread throughout Western Europe.[3]
Baroque painting is characterized by great drama, rich, deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance. During the period beginning around 1600 and continuing throughout the 17th century, painting is characterized as
Baroque. Among the greatest painters of the
Baroque are
Caravaggio,
Rembrandt,
Frans Hals,
Rubens,
Velázquez,
Poussin, and
Jan Vermeer. Caravaggio is an heir of the
humanist painting of the
High Renaissance. His
realistic approach to the human figure, painted directly from life and dramatically spotlit against a dark background, shocked his contemporaries and opened a new chapter in the history of painting.
Baroque painting often dramatizes scenes using light effects; this can be seen in works by Rembrandt, Vermeer,
Le Nain and
La Tour.
During the 18th century,
Rococo followed as a lighter extension of Baroque, often frivolous and erotic.
Rococo developed first in the decorative arts and interior design in France.
Louis XV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion. The 1730s represented the height of Rococo development in France exemplified by the works of
Antoine Watteau and
François Boucher. Rococo still maintained the Baroque taste for complex forms and intricate patterns, but by this point, it had begun to integrate a variety of diverse characteristics, including a taste for Oriental designs and asymmetric compositions.
The Rococo style was spread with French artists and engraved publications. It was readily received in the Catholic parts of
Germany,
Bohemia, and
Austria, where it was merged with the lively German Baroque traditions. German Rococo was applied with enthusiasm to churches and palaces, particularly in the south, while
Frederician Rococo developed in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
William Hogarth helped develop a theoretical foundation for Rococo beauty. Though not intentionally referencing the movement, he argued in his Analysis of Beauty (1753) that the undulating lines and S-curves prominent in Rococo were the basis for grace and beauty in art or nature (unlike the straight line or the circle in
Classicism). The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like
Voltaire and
Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their criticism of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. Blondel decried the "ridiculous jumble of shells, dragons, reeds, palm-trees and plants" in contemporary interiors
[7].
By 1785, Rococo had passed out of fashion in France, replaced by the order and seriousness of
Neoclassical artists like
Jacques Louis David.
19th century: Neo-classicism, Romanticism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism
After the decadence of
Rococo there arose in the late 18th century an ascetic
neo-classicism, best represented by such artists as
Jacques Louis David and his heir
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. Ingres' work already contains much of the sensuality, but none of the spontaneity, that was to characterize
Romanticism.
This movement turned its attention toward landscape and nature as well as the human figure and the supremacy of natural order above mankind's will. There is a
pantheist philosophy (see
Spinoza and
Hegel) within this conception that opposes
Enlightenment ideals by seeing mankind's destiny in a more tragic or pessimistic light. The idea that human beings are not above the forces of
Nature is in contradiction to
Ancient Greek and
Renaissance ideals where mankind was above all things and owned his fate. This thinking led romantic artists to depict the
sublime, ruined churches, shipwrecks, massacres and madness.
Impressionism began in France. It had a
world-wide impact, especially in the United States, where it became integral to the painting of
American Impressionists such as
Childe Hassam,
John Twachtman, and
Theodore Robinson. It also exerted influence on painters who were not primarily impressionistic in theory, like the portrait and landscape painter
John Singer Sargent. At the same time in America at the turn of the century there existed a native and nearly insular realism, as richly embodied in the figurative work of
Thomas Eakins, the
Ashcan School, and the landscapes and seascapes of
Winslow Homer, all of whose paintings were deeply invested in the solidity of natural forms. The visionary landscape, a motive largely dependent on the ambiguity of the nocturne, found its advocates in
Albert Pinkham Ryder and
Ralph Blakelock.
I thought you might find it useful to have some information about references (refs) on wikipedia. These are important to
validate your writing and inform the reader. Any editor can remove unreferenced material; and unsubstantiated articles may end up getting deleted, so when you add something to an article, it's highly advisable to also
include a reference to say where it came from. Referencing may look daunting, but it's easy enough to do. Here's a guide to getting started.
Good references
A reference must be accurate, i.e. it must prove the statement in the text. To validate "Mike Brown climbed Everest", it's no good linking to a page about Everest, if Mike Brown isn't mentioned, nor to one on Mike Brown, if it doesn't say that he climbed Everest. You have to link to a source that proves his achievement is true. You must use
reliable sources, such as published books, mainstream press, and authorised web sites. Blogs, Myspace, Youtube, fan sites and extreme minority texts are not usually acceptable, nor is
original research (e.g. your own unpublished, or self-published, essay or research), or another wikipedia article.
Inserting a reference
The first thing you have to do is to create a "Notes and references" section (unless it already exists). This goes towards the bottom of the page, below the "See also" section and above the "External links" section. Enter this code:
==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}
The next step is to put a reference in the text. Here is the code to do that. It goes at the end of the relevant term, phrase, sentence, or paragraph to which the note refers, and after punctuation such as a full stop, without a space (to prevent separation through line wrap):
<ref> </ref>
Whatever text you put in between these two tags will become visible in the "Notes and references" section as your reference.
Test it out
Open the edit box for this page, copy the following text (inserting your own text where indicated), paste it at the bottom of the page and save the page:
==Reference test==
This is the text which you are going to verify with a reference.<ref>Reference details go here</ref>
==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}
(End of text to copy and paste.)
It should appear like this:
Reference test
This is the text which you are going to verify with a reference.[1]
Note the single square brackets around the URL and the article title. The format is:
[http://URL "Title of article"]
Make sure there is a space between the URL and the Title. This code results in the URL being hidden and the title showing as a link. Use double apostrophes for the article title (it is quoted text), and two single quote marks either side of the name of the paper (to generate italics). Double square brackets round the name of the paper create an internal link (a wikilink) to the relevant wikipedia article. Apostrophes must go outside the brackets.
The date after The Guardian is the date of the newspaper, and the date after "Retrieved on" is the date you accessed the site – useful for searching the
web archive in case the link goes dead. Dates are wikilinked so that they work with user
preference settings to display the date in the format the user wishes.
References not online
You can use sources which are not online, but which you have found in a library or elsewhere—in which case leave out the information which is not relevant. The newspaper example above would be formatted like this:
The first time a reference appears in the article, you can give it a simple name in the <ref> code:
<ref name=smith>Details of ref here</ref>
The second time you use the same reference in the article, you need only to create a short cut instead of typing it all out again:
<ref name=smith/>
You can then use the short cut as many times as you want. Don't forget the /, or it will blank the rest of the article! A short cut will only pick up from higher up the page, so make sure the first ref is the full one. Some symbols don't work in the ref name, but you'll find out if you use them.
You can see multiple use of the same refs in action in the article
William Bowyer (artist). There are 3 sources and they are each referenced 3 times. Each statement in the article has a footnote to show what its source is.
Alternative system
The above method is simple and combines references and notes into one section. A refinement is to put the full details of the references in their own section headed "References", while the notes which apply to them appear in a separate section headed "Notes". The notes can be inserted in the main article text in an abbreviated form as seen in
Harriet Arbuthnot or in a full form as in
Brown Dog affair.
Vincent Willem van Gogh (/ˌvænˈɡoʊ/van-GOH or UK: /ˌvænˈɡɒx/;[note 1]Dutch:[faŋˈxɔx]ⓘ; 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a
Dutchpost-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from
anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of
mental illness throughout his life and died, largely unknown, at the age of 37 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Little appreciated during his lifetime, his fame grew in the years after his death. Today, he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest painters and an important contributor to the foundations of
modern art. Van Gogh did not begin painting until his late twenties, and most of his best-known works were produced during his final two years. He produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting of around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches. Today many of his pieces—including his numerous
self portraits, landscapes,
portraits and
sunflowers—are among the world's most recognizable and expensive works of art.
Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers and traveled between
The Hague,
London and Paris, after which he taught in
England. An early vocational aspiration was to become a pastor, and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium. During this time he began to sketch people from the local community, and in 1885 painted his first major work The Potato Eaters. His
palette at the time consisted mainly of somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later work. In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the
French Impressionists. Later he moved to the south of France and was taken by the strong sunlight he found there. His work grew brighter in color and he developed the unique and highly recognizable style which became fully realized during his stay in
Arles in 1888.
The extent to which his mental illness affected his painting has been a subject of speculation since his death. Despite a widespread tendency to romanticise his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of sickness. According to art critic
Robert Hughes, Van Gogh's late works show an artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and "longing for concision and grace".[1]
Gallery
The Blooming Plumtree (after
Hiroshige), (1887) is a strong example of Vincent's admiration of the Japanese. [2]
Portrait of Père Tanguy, (1887), Vincent collected hundreds of Japanese prints and they can often be seen in the backgrounds of several of his paintings. In his 1887 Portrait of Père Tanguy several prints can be seen hanging on the wall behind the figure. [3]
Cherry Tree, (1888)
The Old Mill, (1888)
View of Arles with Irises, (1888)
The Rhônebarken, (1888)
The Sower, (1888), In Saint Rémy Van Gogh painted interpretations of Millet's paintings, like The Sower as well as his own earlier work. [4]
Pine Trees with Figure in the Garden of Saint-Paul Hospital, Saint Rémy, (1889)
The Round of the Prisoners, (1890). Painted after an engraving by
Gustave Doré (1832-1883), in his book London. The face of the prisoner in the center of the painting and looking toward the viewer is Vincent. [6]
Still-Life with Straw Hat and Pipe, c.1881-1885,
Kröller-Müller Museum. Characterized by smooth, meticulous brushwork and fine shading of colors, exhibiting a rare technical mastery. [7]
Eugène Boch, (The Poet Against a Starry Sky), 1888,
Musée d'Orsay,
Paris.
Dodge MacKnight introduced Vincent to
Eugène Boch, a Belgian painter who stayed at times in Fontvieille (they exchanged visits in July). Eugène's sister
Anna Boch, also an artist bought one of Vincents paintings.[8][9]
The Langlois Bridge, 1888. More or less a self-taught artist, Van Gogh's painting and drawing techniques are all but academic. Recent research has shown that works commonly known as "oil paitings" or "drawings" would better be called executed in "mixed-media", for example The Langlois Bridge still shows the highly elaborate underdrawing in pen and ink,[10] and several works from Saint-Rémy and Auvers hitherto considered to be drawings or watercolours turnt out to be painted in diluted oil and with a brush.[11]
Patch of Grass, 1887. Radiographical examination has shown that Van Gogh re-used older canvases to a much further extend than previously assumed - whether he really overpainted more than a third of his output, as presumed recently, will simply be verifiable by further investigations. In 2008, a team from Delft University of Technology and the University of Antwerp used advanced X-ray techniques to create a clear image of a woman's face previously painted, underneath the work Patch of Grass.[12][13]
Almond Blossoms, 1890. In February 1890 soon after the birth of his nephew Vincent Willem, the son of
Theo and
Johanna, Vincent wrote in a letter to his mother: I started right away to make a picture for him, to hang in their bedroom, big branches of white almond blossom against a blue sky.[14]
Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette, oil on canvas, 1885. Is this an act of sarcasm, defiance or fear or an example of
Surrealism before its time? [15]
The Blooming Plumtree (after
Hiroshige), (1887)
Van Gogh Museum. The Blooming Plumtree (after
Hiroshige), is a strong example of Vincent's admiration of the Japanese
ukiyo-ewoodblock prints that he collected. His version is slightly bolder than the original.[16]
Portrait of Père Tanguy, (1887),
Musée Rodin. Vincent collected hundreds of Japanese prints and they can often be seen in the backgrounds of several of his paintings. In his 1887 Portrait of Père Tanguy several prints can be seen hanging on the wall behind the figure.[17]
Cherry Tree, (1888),
Metropolitan Museum of ArtNew York City. About The Cherry Tree Vincent wrote to Theo on April 21, 1888 and said he had 10 orchards and: one big (painting) of a cherry tree which I've spoiled.[18]
Van Gogh's Chair (1888),
National GalleryLondon. When Gauguin consented to work and live in Arles side-by-side with Vincent, he started to work on the The Décoration for the Yellow House, probably the most ambitious effort he ever undertook.[19] Vincent did two chair paintings the other entitled Gauguin's Chair.[20]
The Sower, (1888),
Kröller-Müller Museum. In Saint Rémy Van Gogh painted interpretations of Millet's paintings, like The Sower as well as his own earlier work. Vincent was an admirer of Millet and he compares a painter's making copies to a musician's interpreting Beethoven.[23][24]
Road with Cypress and Star, May 1890,
Kröller-Müller Museum. Art historian Ronald Pickvance wrote: the painting Road with Cypress and Star represents an exalted experience of reality, a conflation of North and South, what both van Gogh and Gauguin referred to as an "abstraction".[25]
Wheat Field with Cypresses, (1889),
National Gallery,
London. During the summer of 1889 honoring his sister
Wil's request Vincent made several smaller versions of this painting.[26]
View of Arles, Flowering Orchards (1889). In the spring of 1889 he painted another smaller group of orchards. In an April letter about them to Theo he said: I have 6 studies of spring, two of them large orchards. There is little time because these effects are so short-lived.[27]
Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background, (1889),
Museum of Modern Art,
New York City. Referring to Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background, on or around June 18, 1889, in a letter to Theo, Vincent wrote: At last I have a landscape with olives and also a new study of a Starry Night.[28]
The Round of the Prisoners, (1890). Painted after an engraving by
Gustave Doré (1832-1883), in his book London. The face of the prisoner in the center of the painting and looking toward the viewer is Vincent.[29]
1819-23 Spanish: Peregrinación a la fuente de San Isidro/Procesión del Santo Oficio Procession of the Holy Office] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (
help)
1819-23 Spanish: Una manola/La Leocadia Leocadia] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (
help)
Spanish: Cabezas en un paisaje) (Stanley Moss collection, New York). Possibly the fifteenth Black Painting
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Lenore Jaffee was born in New York City on November 30, 1925, and she died on November 8, 2022. She was an
Americanartist, painter and poet. During the 1940s she attended the
Art Students League of New York where she studied with
Will Barnet among others. Jaffee began to exhibit her
Abstract expressionist paintings during the late 1950s and 1960s in New York City and
Provincetown, Massachusetts.[31] During the late 1950s and the early 1960s she showed her work at the Phoenix Gallery in New York. [32]The Phoenix was a prominent gallery among the
10th Street galleries in New York City and it was an
avant-garde alternative to the Madison Avenue and 57th Street galleries that were both conservative and highly selective. [33] During the 1970s Lenore Jaffee's
video work was exhibited at the Hundred Acres Gallery in New York City.[34] Among other works she has published several volumes of poetry. [35]
^"'Hidden' Van Gogh painting revealed", Delft University of Technology, 30 July 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. A photo on this site shows the revealed older image under the new painting.
Bernice Rose, "The Drawings of Roy Lichtenstein", Museum of Modern Art
Copying from another artist’s work had been out of style for a good part of the twentieth century; the avant-garde had increasingly set store by invention. In resorting to old-fashioned copying (and of such 'unartistic' models), Lichtenstein did something characteristic: he made it so obvious that he was copying that everyone knew it. In effect he threw down the gauntlet, challenging the notion of originality as it prevailed at that time.
I hope this holiday season is festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2016 will be successful and rewarding...
Modernist (
talk) 23:47, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
Happy Holidays
Season's greetings!
I hope this holiday season is festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2017 will be successful and rewarding...
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talk) 23:13, 24 December 2016 (UTC)
Happy Holidays
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talk) 12:00, 24 December 2017 (UTC) (UTC)
}}
Happy Holidays
Happy Holidays
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I hope this holiday season is festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2019 will be safe, successful and rewarding...keep hope alive....
Modernist (
talk) 13:47, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
Happy Holidays
Season's greetings!
I hope this holiday season is safe, festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2022 will be safe, healthy, successful and rewarding...keep hope alive....
Modernist (
talk) 13:47, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
Happy Holidays
Season's greetings!
I hope this holiday season is festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2020 will be safe, successful and rewarding...keep hope alive....
Modernist (
talk) 15:54, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
I hope this holiday season is festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2021 will be safe, successful and rewarding...keep hope alive....
Modernist (
talk) 15:54, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
Happy Holidays
Season's greetings!
I hope this holiday season is safe, festive and fulfilling and filled with love and kindness, and that 2022 will be safe, healthy, successful and rewarding...keep hope alive....
Modernist (
talk) 19:08, 24 December 2022 (UTC)
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the
help page).