User:37ophiuchi/sandbox References

German
German
Deutsch, deutsche Sprache] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup ( help)
Pronunciation	[ˈdɔʏtʃ]
Native to	Primarily in German-speaking Europe, as a minority/cultural language worldwide
Native speakers	L1: 95 million (2014); L2: 10-25 million; ; as a foreign language:; 75-100 million
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic German; ; ;
Standard forms	German Standard German; Swiss Standard German; Austrian Standard German;
Writing system	Latin ( German alphabet); German Braille
Signed forms	Signed German, LBG; (Lautsprachbegleitende/Lautbegleitende Gebärden)
Official status
Official language in	6 countries Austria ; Belgium ; Germany ; Liechtenstein ; Luxembourg ; Switzerland ; ; 3 dependencies South Tyrol ( Italy) ; Poland (auxiliary in 33 communes) ; Brazil (co-official in 9 municipalities) ;
Recognised minority; language in	10 countries; (with legal recognition as minority, cultural or national language) Brazil ( Espírito Santo); Czech Republic; Denmark; Hungary; Italy ( Trentino & Valle d'Aosta); Namibia; Romania; Russia ( Azov German National District); Slovakia; Ukraine ; Several international institutions
Regulated by	No official regulation ; (German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography).
Language codes
ISO 639-1	de
ISO 639-2	ger (B) ; deu (T)
ISO 639-3	Variously:; deu – German; gmh – Middle High German; goh – Old High German; gct – Alemán Coloniero; bar – Austro-Bavarian; cim – Cimbrian; geh – Hutterite German; ksh – Kölsch; nds – Low German; sli – Lower Silesian; vmf – Main-Franconian; mhn – Mócheno; pfl – Palatinate German; pdc – Pennsylvania German; pdt – Plautdietsch; swg – Swabian German; gsw – Swiss German; uln – Unserdeutsch; sxu – Upper Saxon; wae – Walser German; wep – Westphalian; hrx – Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
Glottolog	high1287 High Franconian; uppe1397 Upper German
Linguasphere	further information 52-AC (Continental West Germanic) > 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch) >; 52-ACB-d ( Central German incl. 52-ACB–dl & -dm Standard/Generalised High German) + 52-ACB-e & -f ( Upper German & Swiss German) + 52-ACB-h ( émigré German varieties incl. ; 52-ACB-hc Hutterite German & 52-ACB-he Pennsylvania German etc.) + 52-ACB-i ( Yenish); totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

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^ ^a ^b ^c Ammon, Ulrich - Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt (de Gruyter Mouton; ISBN 978-3-11-019298-8)
^ ^a ^b Sum of Standard German, Swiss German, and all German dialects not listed under "Standard German" at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
^ Eurobarometer Survey 2012 by the European Commission
^ "Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Über den Rat". Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de. Retrieved 11 October 2010.

[Ammon,_2014-1] Ammon, Ulrich - Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt (de Gruyter Mouton; ISBN 978-3-11-019298-8)

[Ethnologue_(2015)-2] Sum of Standard German, Swiss German, and all German dialects not listed under "Standard German" at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[3] Eurobarometer Survey 2012 by the European Commission

[4] "Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Über den Rat". Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de. Retrieved 11 October 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

German
Deutsch, deutsche Sprache] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup ( help)
Pronunciation	[ˈdɔʏtʃ]
Native to	Primarily in German-speaking Europe, as a minority/cultural language worldwide
Native speakers	L1: 95 million^[1]^[2] (2014) L2: 10-25 million^[1]^[2]; as a foreign language: 75-100 million^[1]^[3]
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic German
Standard forms	German Standard German Swiss Standard German Austrian Standard German
Writing system	Latin ( German alphabet) German Braille
Signed forms	Signed German, LBG (Lautsprachbegleitende/Lautbegleitende Gebärden)
Official status
Official language in	6 countries Austria Belgium Germany Liechtenstein Luxembourg Switzerland 3 dependencies South Tyrol ( Italy) Poland (auxiliary in 33 communes) Brazil (co-official in 9 municipalities)
Recognised minority language in	10 countries (with legal recognition as minority, cultural or national language) Brazil ( Espírito Santo) Czech Republic Denmark Hungary Italy ( Trentino & Valle d'Aosta) Namibia Romania Russia ( Azov German National District) Slovakia Ukraine Several international institutions
Regulated by	No official regulation (German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography^[4]).
Language codes
ISO 639-1	`de`
ISO 639-2	`ger (B)` `deu (T)`
ISO 639-3	Variously: `deu` – German `gmh` – Middle High German `goh` – Old High German `gct` – Alemán Coloniero `bar` – Austro-Bavarian `cim` – Cimbrian `geh` – Hutterite German `ksh` – Kölsch `nds` – Low German `sli` – Lower Silesian `vmf` – Main-Franconian `mhn` – Mócheno `pfl` – Palatinate German `pdc` – Pennsylvania German `pdt` – Plautdietsch `swg` – Swabian German `gsw` – Swiss German `uln` – Unserdeutsch `sxu` – Upper Saxon `wae` – Walser German `wep` – Westphalian `hrx` – Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
Glottolog	`high1287` High Franconian `uppe1397` Upper German
Linguasphere	`further information 52-AC (Continental West Germanic) > 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch) > 52-ACB-d ( Central German incl. 52-ACB–dl & -dm Standard/Generalised High German) + 52-ACB-e & -f ( Upper German & Swiss German) + 52-ACB-h ( émigré German varieties incl. 52-ACB-hc Hutterite German & 52-ACB-he Pennsylvania German etc.) + 52-ACB-i ( Yenish); totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i`


This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.