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List of echinoderms of Venezuela

The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprised of about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean. [1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939 [2] and 1967. [3]

In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. [4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan. [3] [2] [5] [6] [7]

List of species identified for Venezuela

Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)

Crinoidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state [nota 1] Image
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) [3] [7] Rosy Feather-star [8] Atlantic Ocean [9] Ar; Su; Va

Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869) [3] Sea lily [3] [10] Caribbean Sea [11] Ar

Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Black and White Sea Lily [12] Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean [13] Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va

Asteroidea (Starfishs)

Asteroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 [5] Starfish [14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [15] NE; Su
Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859) [2] [3] [7] Common Blunt Armed Sea Star [16] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [17] Su
Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 [2] [3] [7] Starfish [14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [18] Su; Zu
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842) [3] [7] Starfish [14] Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [19] An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su
Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 [3] [7] [20] Two-spined Star Fish [21] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [22] NE; Su; Va; Zu
Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 [2] [3] [7] [20] Starfish [14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [23] DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu
Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 [7] Starfish [14] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [24] Su
Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Starfish [14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea [25] DF; NE; Su
Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [5] [7] Starfish [14] Atlantic Ocean [26] NE; Su
Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 [2] [3] [7] Yellow Starfish [14] Cosmopolitan [27] NE
Luidia alternata (Say, 1825) [3] Starfish [14] Caribbean Sea [28] NE; Su; Zu
Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) [3] [7] Starfish [14] Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean [29] An; NE; Su; Zu
Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) [2] [3] [7] [20] Nine-armed Sea Star [30] Nortwesthern Atlantic Ocean [31] Mi; NE; Su
Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858) [2] [3] [7] Orange Starfish [14] Cushion Sea Star [32] Caribbean Sea [33] Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su
Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) [3] [7] Starfish [14] Caribbean Sea [34] DA; DF; Su

Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)

Ophiuroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [35] An; Su
Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [36] An; NE; Su
Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867 [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [37] Su
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) [3] [7] Small Brittle Star [38] Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean [39] NE; Su
Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882 [3] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [40] Su
Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 [3] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [41] NE
Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859 [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [42] Su
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824 [3] Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar [43] Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [44] Fa
Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] [20] Grifo [14] Giant Basket Star [45] Caribbean Sea [46] Ar; DF; NE; Su
Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [47] An; DA; Mo; Su
Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852) [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [48] Su
Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 [3] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [49] Su
Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [50] Su
Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) [3] [7] Savigny's Brittle Star [51] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean [52] DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859) [7] Lobate Brittle Star [53] Caribbean Sea [54] Su
Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Black Brittle Star [55] Caribbean Sea [56] Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su
Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859 [3] [7] Banded Ophiocoma [57] Caribbean Sea [58] DF; Fa; Su; Va
Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 [3] [7] Red Ophiocoma [59] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean [60] NE; Su
Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963) [3] [7] Coralline Brittle Star [61] Caribbean Sea [62] Ar; Su
Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) [3] [7] Harlequin Brittle Star [63] Caribbean Sea [64] DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 [2] [3] [7] Short Spined Ophioderma [65] Caribbean Sea [66] Ca; DF; Fa; Mi
Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [67] DF; Mi
Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842) [7] Chocolate Brittle Star [68] Caribbean Sea [69] Su
Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 [3] [7] Ruby Brittle Star [70] Caribbean Sea [71] Su
Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [72] An; DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [73] Mi; Su
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) [7] [7] Scaly Brittle Star [74] Caribbean Sea [75] Su
Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825) [3] [7] Slimy Brittle Star [76] Caribbean Sea [77] DF; Su
Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [78] Su
Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925) [3] [7] Reticulated Brittle Star [79] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [80] DF; NE; Su
Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913 [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [81] Su
Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [82] Su
Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [83] Ar; DF; Su
Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) [3] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [84] Va
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825) [3] [7] Angular Brittle Star [85] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [86] DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915 [3] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [87] Su
Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856 [2] [3] [7] Oersted's Brittle Star [88] Caribbean Sea [89] DF; NE; Su
Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856 [3] [7] Suenson's Brittle Star [90] Caribbean Sea [91] NE; Su
Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869 [3] [7] Sea spiders [4] [10] Caribbean Sea [92] DA; Mo; Su

Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)

Echinoidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Purple Sea Urchin. [93] [94] Caribbean Sea [95] An; NE; Su
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 [3] [7] Caribbean Sea [96] An; Su
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) [3] Groove Burrowing Urchin [97] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea [98] An; DF; Su
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941 [99] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea [100] DF (Archp. Los Testigos)
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941 [7] [99] Caribbean Sea [101] An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914 [99] Caribbean Sea [102] Va
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848 [99] Caribbean Sea [103] Fa, Zu
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) [3] [99] Sea Biscuit [104] Caribbean Sea [105] Fa; DF; NE
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) [3] [7] [99] Sand Dollar [106] Caribbean Sea [107] An; Fa; NE; Su
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863) [3] [7] Long-spined Sea Urchin [108] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [109] Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) [3] [7] [110] Rock-boring Urchin [111] Caribbean Sea [112] An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863 [2] [3] [7] Green Urchin [14] Caribbean Sea [113] Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) [3] [7] [99] Sand Dollar, Cookie [14] Caribbean Sea [114] Ar; NE; Su
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841 [99] Notched Sand Dollar [115] Caribbean Sea [116] Ar; NE; Su
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) [2] [3] [7] Slate Pencil Urchin [117] Caribbean Sea [118] DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) [3] [7] [99] Six Holed Keyhole Urchin [119] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [120] An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) [2] [3] [7] [121] Variegated Sea Urchin [122] Caribbean Sea [123] An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940 [2] [3] [7] [99] Dollar see; Cookie [124] Caribbean Sea [125] An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Caribbean Sea [126] DF; NE
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Caribbean Sea [127] Su;
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) [7] Caribbean Sea [128] An; DA; Su
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980 [3] [7] Caribbean Sea [129] An; DA; Su
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) [3] [7] Sea Egg [130] Caribbean Sea [131] DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va

Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

Holothuroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886) [2] [6] [7] Venezuelan Caribbean sea [132] NE
Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868) [7] [133] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [133] NE
Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910) [134] Fissured Sea Cucumber [135] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [136] DF
Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) [7] Worm Cucumber [137] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [138] Su
Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) [7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [139] Su
Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868 [7] [7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean [140] Su
Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875 [7] [7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [141] Su
Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867 [7] Brown Rock Sea Cucumber [142] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [143] Su
Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867) [6] [7] Gray Sea Cucumber [144] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [145] Su
Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775) [6] [7] Impatient Sea Cucumber [146] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean [147] Su
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 [7] Dunkey Dung Sea Cucumber [148] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean [149] DF; Fa
Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 [7] Caribbean Sea [150] Su
Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867) [7] Golden Sea Cucumber [151] Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean [152] Su
Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867) [6] [7] Caribbean Sea [153] Su
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 [2] [7] Surinam Sea Cucumber [154] Caribbean Sea [155] Zu
Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 [7] Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber [156] Caribbean Sea [157] su
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) [6] [7] Three-rowed Sea Cucumber [158] Caribbean Sea [159] DF; Su
Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 [7] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea [160] Su
Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) [7] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea [161] Su
Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874) [7] Caribbean Sea [162] Su
Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 [7] Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea [163] Su
Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887) [7] Caribbean Sea [164] Su
Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) [7] Caribbean Sea [165] Su
Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 [7] Caribbean Sea [166] Su
Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) [7] Caribbean Sea [167] Su

See also

Notas

  1. ^ The following codes are used:
    • An: Anzoátegui
    • Ar: Aragua
    • Ca: Carabobo
    • DA: Delta Amacuro
    • DF: Dependencias Federales
    • Fa: Falcón
    • Mi: Miranda
    • Mo: Monagas
    • NE: Nueva Esparta
    • Su: Sucre
    • Va: Vargas
    • Zu: Zulia

Referencias

  1. ^ Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein E, Alvarado JJ, Díaz C, et al. (2010) Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Engel, H., 1939: Echinoderms from Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire and Northern Venezuela., Capita Zoologica, VIII(4):1-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Zoppy, E., 1967: Contribución al conocimiento de los Equinodermos de Venezuela., Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 5(17):267-333
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Zoppy, E. y Cedeño, A. 1980. Phylum Echinodermata. En: Bodini, R. y Rada, D. Biología Animal. Editorial Ateneo de Caracas. Caracas - Venezuela. pp:233-242
  5. ^ a b c Flores, C. y Martínez de R., A. 1970: Status de la familia Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Phanerozonia) en la región Oriental de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 9(1-2):3-8.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Martínez de R, A. y Mago H., A. 1975: Contribución al conocimiento de los holoturoideos (Holoturoidea: Echinodermata) de la región oriental de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 14(2):187-197.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co Gómez M, María C. y Hernández A, Iván. 2011: Equinodermos de la bahía Tunantal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 50 (2): 209-231.
  8. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Antedon bifida
  9. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) AphiaID: 124201
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Matínez E. Rafael y Martínez M. Enrique. 1998: Técnicas generales para invertebrados, colecta, anestesia, fijación, preservación, coloración, montaje, cultivo y calidad de agua. Caracas. 246p.
  11. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtalès, 1869) AphiaID: 246784
  12. ^ [ http://eol.org/pages/597865/names Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Tropiometra carinata
  13. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 213331
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cervigon, F. y Velázquez, E. 1981. Nombres venáculos de organismos marinos del Estado Nueva Esparta. Caracas. 53p.
  15. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 AphiaID: 178061
  16. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asterinides folium Common Blunt Armed Sea Star
  17. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asterinides folium (Lutken, 1860) AphiaID: 459535
  18. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 178646
  19. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178647
  20. ^ a b c d Capelo Juan., Gutiérrez, Javier., Rada, m., Buitrgo, J y Narváez, J. 2007: Biodiversidad de las comunidades de bentos del sur del golfo de Paria, Venezuela.[[Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, 67(168):59-82. ISSN 0037-8518]
  21. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astropecten duplicatus Two-spined Star Fish
  22. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178650
  23. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178667
  24. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178747
  25. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 178748
  26. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Goniaster tessellatus (de Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 124033
  27. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178188
  28. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)AphiaID: 178615
  29. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158497
  30. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Luidia senegalensis Nine-armed Sea Star
  31. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) AphiaID: 178641
  32. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Oreaster reticulatus Cushion Sea Star
  33. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 178210
  34. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 178718
  35. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242681
  36. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphioplus coniortodes H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242765
  37. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1866 AphiaID: 149906
  38. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Amphipholis squamata Small Brittle Star
  39. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) AphiaID: 125064
  40. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura palmeri Koehler, 1906 AphiaID: 125093
  41. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 242980
  42. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura stimpsoni Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 242991
  43. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asteronyx loveni Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar
  44. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 124951
  45. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astrophyton muricatum Giant Basket Star
  46. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243214
  47. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) AphiaID: 158072
  48. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1854) AphiaID: 405791
  49. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243460
  50. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 AphiaID: 243434
  51. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiactis savignyi Savigny's Brittle Star
  52. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) AphiaID: 125122
  53. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocnida scabriuscula Lobate Brittle Star
  54. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lütken, 1859) AphiaID: 422458
  55. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma echinata Black Brittle Star
  56. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243573
  57. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma pumila Banded Ophiocoma
  58. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243578
  59. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma wendtii Red Ophiocoma
  60. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243582
  61. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocomella ophiactoides Coralline Brittle Star
  62. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H.L. Clark, 1900) AphiaID: 243584
  63. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma appressa Harlequin Brittle Star
  64. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243630
  65. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma brevicauda Short Spined Ophioderma
  66. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243631
  67. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158073
  68. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma cinerea Chocolate Brittle Star
  69. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243632
  70. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma rubicunda Ruby Brittle Star
  71. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243645
  72. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243691
  73. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243695
  74. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiolepis impressa Scaly Brittle Star
  75. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124887
  76. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiomyxa flaccida Slimy Brittle Star
  77. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243863
  78. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis olivacea H.L. Clark, 1900 AphiaID: 243886
  79. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star
  80. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124833
  81. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis squamulosa Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 243892
  82. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 AphiaID: 244010
  83. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 244020
  84. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) AphiaID: 243937
  85. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix angulata Angular Brittle Star
  86. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) angulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 244162
  87. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix brachyactis H.L. Clark, 1915 AphiaID: 244106
  88. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix oerstedii Oersted's Brittle Star
  89. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) oerstedii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244182
  90. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix suensoni Suenson's Brittle Star
  91. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensonii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244148
  92. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiura acervata (Lyman, 1869) AphiaID: 244255
  93. ^ Serafy, Keith. & Fell, Julian. 1985: Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echidodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA technical Report NMFS 33. 28p.
  94. ^ Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Arbacia punctulata
  95. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158058
  96. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 AphiaID: 422510
  97. ^ Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Brissus unicolor
  98. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 124380
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Francisco, V. y Pauls, S. 2008: Especies del orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(Suppl. 3):215-228. ISSN-0034-7744
  100. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster cyclopilus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 513181
  101. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster euclastus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 422495
  102. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster lamprus H.L. Clark, 1914 AphiaID: 513185
  103. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel, 1845) AphiaID: 422497
  104. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster rosaceus
  105. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 367962
  106. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster subdepressus
  107. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) AphiaID: 422499
  108. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Diadema antillarum
  109. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845 AphiaID: 124332
  110. ^ Pompa, L., Prieto, A. S. y Manrique, R. 1989. Abundancia y distribución espacial en una población del erizo Echinometra lucunter (L) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Acta Científica Venezolana, 40:289-294.
  111. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Echinometra lucunter
  112. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 213380
  113. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, 1863 AphiaID: 422493
  114. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 513255
  115. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Encope michelini
  116. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841 AphiaID: 422501
  117. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Eucidaris tribuloides
  118. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 396741
  119. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Leodia sexiesperforata
  120. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 422502
  121. ^ Gómez G, A., 2002: Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita ( Venezuela). Acta Científica Venezolana, 53(1):43-53.
  122. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Lytechinus variegatus
  123. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367850
  124. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Mellita quinquiesperforata
  125. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 158065
  126. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367846
  127. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158067
  128. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) AphiaID: 422511
  129. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Schizaster orbignyanus A. Agassiz, 1880 AphiaID: 422521
  130. ^ http://eol.org/pages/598177/names/common_names Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Tripneustes ventricosus
  131. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 422490
  132. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Aslia pygmaea (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529439
  133. ^ a b Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A. 2010: A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2449:1–48. ISSN 1175-5326 ISSN1175-5334
  134. ^ Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catálogo de Echinodermata MBUCV-VI. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Zoología Tropical Caracas – Venezuela.
  135. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astichopus multifidus Fissured Sea Cucumber
  136. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astichopus multifidus (Sluiter, 1910) AphiaID: 241780
  137. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Chiridota rotifera Worm Cucumber
  138. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) AphiaID: 422538
  139. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 422524
  140. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper, 1868 AphiaID: 210814
  141. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241823
  142. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria glaberrima Brown Rock Sea Cucumber
  143. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Selenkothuria) glaberrima Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241851
  144. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria grisea Gray Sea Cucumber
  145. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241833
  146. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria impatiens Impatient Sea Cucumber
  147. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens (Forskål, 1775) AphiaID: 125185
  148. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria mexicana Dunkey Dung Sea Cucumber
  149. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) mexicana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 125180
  150. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241826
  151. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria parvula Golden Sea Cucumber
  152. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Platyperona) parvula (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 125183
  153. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Theelothuria) princeps Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 210890
  154. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria surinamensis Surinam Sea Cucumber
  155. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241858
  156. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria thomasi Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber
  157. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 AphiaID: 241876
  158. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Isostichopus badionotus Three-rowed Sea Cucumber
  159. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 367868
  160. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 AphiaID: 529094
  161. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529525
  162. ^ García, Rosa del Valle., Solís-Marín, Francisco A., Abreu Pérez, Mercedes., Laguarda Figueras, Alfredo y Durán-González, Alicia. 2005: Catálogo de los equinodermos Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) nerítico-bentónicos del Archipiélago Cubano. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3):9-28, D ISSN-0034-7744
  163. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 AphiaID: 149908
  164. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pseudothyone belli (Ludwig, 1887) AphiaID: 422535
  165. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) AphiaID: 158532
  166. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 AphiaID: 225684
  167. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 529705

Enlaces externos

Categoría:Echinodermata Categoría:Fauna de Venezuela Categoría:Fauna del mar Caribe

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