| SAN | Meaning | INE | PKY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| o | o | o | * o- | |
|
gácchati gam |
goes, comes | gwem̥-sḱé-ti | * gwem- | |
|
cálati car, cal |
bewegt sich, wandelt, geht moves |
kwélh1-e-ti (pres) |
* kwelh1- | 639-40 |
|
jánati jan |
(er)zeugt, gebiert is born |
ǵénh1-e-ti (pres) |
* ǵénh1- | 373-5 |
|
chinátti chid |
schneidet an, zerreisst, zerbricht cuts, nibbles |
sḱhi-né-d-ti (pres) |
* sḱheid- | 920-1 |
| jānāti | knows | ǵn̥-néh3-ti | * ǵneh3- | |
|
tíṣṭati sthā |
stands | sti-stéh2-ti | * (s)teh2- | |
|
dádāti dā |
gives | dé-doh3-ti | * deh3- | 223-5 |
|
náyati nī |
leads | néihx-e-ti | * neihx- | |
|
pátati pat |
flies | pétha-e-ti | * petha- | |
|
pādáyati pad |
bringt zu Fall; kills, destroys | pod-éye-ti (caus) |
* ped- | 790-2 |
|
pr̥ccháti prach, praś |
asks | pr̥ḱ-sḱé-ti (pres) |
* preḱ- | 821-22 |
|
bhávati bhū |
becomes, is | bhéuhx-e-ti | * bheu(hx)- | |
|
bódhati budh |
bemerkt, beachtet is awake |
bhéudh-e-ti | * bhéudh- | 150-2 |
|
yunákti yuj |
anschirren joins |
yu-né-g-ti (pres) |
* yeug- | 508-10 |
|
rajyati raj |
is coloured, is red | (s)réǵ-ye-ti (pres) |
* (s)réǵ- | 854 |
|
róhati roh |
grows, increases | h1léudh-e-ti | * h1leudh- | |
|
limpáti lip |
beschmiert, klebt an, betrügt | li-né-p-(e)-ti | * leip- | 670-1 |
|
lokayati lok |
erblicken | * leuk- | 687-9 | |
|
vádati vad |
erhebt die Stimme, spricht says, says to |
h2wédh-e-ti (pres) |
* h2wedh- | 76-7 |
|
vásati vas |
passes the night, stays | h2wés-(e)-ti (pres) |
* h2wés- | |
| váhati | drives, rides | wéǵh-e-ti | * weǵh- | |
|
vídhyati vyadh |
verletzen, treffen, erschiessen pierces, hits |
h2widh-yé-ti (pres) |
* h2weidh- | 1127-8 |
|
viśáti viś |
enters | wiḱ-é-ti (pres) |
* weiḱ- | 1129, 1131 |
|
sīdati sad |
setzt sich - |
si-sd-é-ti (pres) |
* sed- | 884-7 |
| svárgaḥ | heaven | sh2ul-gwm | * (2.795) svargá- | |
|
hánti han |
erschlagen, töten | gwhén-ti (pres) |
* gwhen- | 491-3 |
Verb roots (a-au)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | EAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| akṣ | mark, make earmarks, (+ niṣ) castrate | Haćš- | * - | 21 | 41 |
| aj | drive, sling | Haj́- | * haeǵ- | 4 | 50 |
| añc | bend | Hank- | * h2enk- | 45 | 52 |
| añc | draw, bail (water) | Hank- | * - | - | 53 |
| añj | anoint, smear | Hang- | * h3engw- | 779 | 54 |
| at | travel, wander | Hat- | * haet- | 69 | 56 |
| ad | eat, consume | Had- | * h1édmi- | 287 | 61 |
| ani | breathe | HanH- | * haénh1- | 38 | 72 |
| ami | take hold of; swear | HamH- | * h2em- | 778 | 96 |
| ay | go, walk, succeed | Hai- | * h1ei- | 293 | 102 |
| ar | put in motion, send, move (+acc.) [act.]; move, rise [med.] | Har- | * h1er- | 326 | 105 |
| ar | reach, come towards, meet with | Har- | * h1er- | 326 | 106 |
| arc | sing, praise; shine | Hark- | * h1erkw- | 340 | 114 |
| ard | be scattered, shake | Hard- | * - | - | 117 |
| ardh | succeed, be successful, go well, thrive | Hardh- | * - | 27 | 118 |
| arṣ | stream, flow | Harš- | * h1ers- | 335 | 123 |
| arṣ | stab, spit, bump, push, stuff | Harš- | * - | 335 | 123 |
| arh | earn, be worth | Hargh- | * h2elgwho/eha- | 32 | 124 |
| avi | help, protect | HauH- | * - | 77 | 134 |
| aśi | eat | HaćH- (?) | * - | 18 | 136 |
| as | be | Has- | * h1es- | 340 | 144 |
| as | throw, shoot | Has- | * - | - | 144 |
| ah | say, speak | Hadh- | * - | - | 153 |
| āp | reach, gain, take possession of | HaHp- | * h1ep- | 50 | 167 |
| ās | sit, live, settle, abide, continue | HaHs- | * h1ēs- | 342 | 181 |
| ilay ̊ | be still, calm down | HrH-aia- | * h1erh1- | - | 196 |
| īḍ | invoke, worship | Hižd-/Hisd- | * - | 16 | 204 |
| īrṣ | be angry | HrHas- | * - | 337 | 206 |
| īś | be master of, be powerful, rule, command | (Hi-)Hić- | * haeiḱ- | 298 | 207 |
|
īśvara m |
rich man, lord, king | (Hi-)Hić- | * haeiḱ- | 298 | 207 |
| ubj | press down, keep under, subdue | Hub(z)ǰ(h)- | * - | 1103 | 223 |
| ej | move, stir, tremble (of wind, forest, sea, etc.) | Haig- | * h1eig- | 13 | 186 |
| edh | set alight, kindle | Haidh- | * haeidh- | 11 | 267 |
| eṣ | wish, strive after, seek | Hiš- | * haeis- | 16 | 270 |
| eṣ | set in motion, send | Hais(H)- | * h1eis- | 299 | 271 |
| eh | strive for, desire | Haij́h- | * - | 14 | 273 |
| o | weave | Hau- | * h2/3eu- | 75 | 275 |
| oc | be accustomed, be used to, live, take pleasure in | Hauk-/Hauč- | * h1euk- | 347 | 277 |
| od | well up, moisten | ud- | * - | 78 | 279 |
| oṣ | burn, scorch | Hauš- | * h1eus- | 347 | 281 |
| oh | praise, announce | Ha(H)ugh- | * - | 348 | 283 |
Verb roots (k-ṅ)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | OIP | EAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kani | be pleased with, enjoy | kanH-/čanH- | * ken- | 515 | 296 | |
| kami | desire, want | kaHmaia- | * kem- | 515 | 306 | |
| kari | commemorate, praise | karH | * kar- | 530 | 310 | |
| kari | scatter, strew, pour out | karH- | * - | 933 | 311 | |
| kart | cut, cut off, split, break | (s)kart- | * (s)ker- | 941 | 315 | |
| kart | spin, twist threads | kart- | * kert- | 584 | 316 | |
| karś | be/become lean | karć- | * - | 581 | 318 | |
| karṣ | pull, drag, plow | karš- | * kwel- | 639 | 319 | |
| kavi | intend to | kauH- | * keuh1- | 587 | 328 | |
| kaṣ | scratch, shave | karš- | * - | - | 332 | |
| kā | desire, like | kaH- | * - | 515 | 334 | |
|
kāś v1 |
become visible, appear | kać- | * kweḱ/ǵ- | 638 | 326 | 344 |
|
prakāś v1 |
appear; shine | - | * kweḱ/ǵ- | 638 | 326 | 344 |
| kuc | contract, bend | kuč- | * keuk- | 588 | 361 | |
|
kṛt v6 |
cut, divide | - | * (s)kert- | 938 | - | |
|
avakṛt v6 |
destroy, cut up | - | * (s)kert- | 938 | - | |
| kop | tremble, quake, be angry | kup- | * - | 596 | 402 | |
| krapi | mourn, long for, wail, beg | krap- | * - | 567 | 409 | |
| krami | stride, go | kramH- | * - | - | 409 | |
| krayi | buy | kraiH- | * kwrei(ha)- | 648 | 410 | |
| krīḍ | play, jest, flirt, frolic, move vehemently | križd- | * - | - | 413 | |
| krodh | be/become angry | kraudh- | * - | - | 415 | |
| kroś | call aloud, call to | krauć- | * - | - | 416 | |
| kśā | look (at), seem | kać- | * kweḱ/ǵ- | 638 | 420 | |
| kṣan | card (wool) | kšan- | * kes- | 585 | 423 | |
| kṣay | live, stay | tćai- | * tḱei- | 626 | 427 | |
| kṣay | destroy, perish | dhǰhai- | * dhghwei- | 487 | 428 | |
| kṣav | sneeze | kšau- | * skeu- | 953 | 429 | |
| kṣā | burn | dhǰhaH- | * dheghw- | 240 | 430 | |
| kṣā | rule, have power, own | kšH-aia-ti | * tkeh1- | 626 | 426 | |
| kṣep | lash, hurl | kšuaip- | * - | 625 | 437 | |
| kṣod | disperse' [med.]; `to spray, pulverize' [act.] | kšaud- | * - | 625 | 439 | |
| kṣobh | stagger, begin to swing, tremble | kšaubh- | * kseubh- | 625 | 440 | |
| kṣṇav | whet, sharpen | kšnau- | * kes- | 585 | 441 | |
| khani | dig | kanH- | * - | 634 | 445 | |
| khād | chew, bite, eat, digest | kHaHd- | * - | 634 | 451 | |
| khyā | look (at), seem | kć(aH)- | * kweḱ/ǵ- | 638 | 456 | |
|
gaj v1 |
howl, roar, trumpet | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
gaja m |
elephant | o | * o- | - | - | |
| gandh | smell, be fragrant | g(h)andh/t- | * - | 466 | 461 | |
| gam | go, come | gam-/ǰam- | * gwem- | 463 | 465 | |
| gari | praise, honour, welcome | garH- | * gwerhx- | 478 | 468 | |
| gari | devour, swallow | garH- | * gwerh3- | 474 | 469 | |
| gari | raise the arm (for striking), raise a weapon | garH- | * gwelh1- | 471 | 470 | |
| gardh | be/become greedy, eager | gardh- | * - | 434 | 474 | |
| garh | complain | garj́h- | * gal- | 350 | 475 | |
|
gal v1 |
fall, drip, flow | - | * gwel(s)- | 471 | - | |
|
jala n |
cold; water | - | * gwel(s)- | 471 | - | |
|
jalāśaya m |
lake, pond, ocean | - | * gwel(s)- | 471 | - | |
| gav(i) | call, invoke, praise | gau(H)- | * ǵeu(hx)- | 403 | 478 | |
| gā | put down the foot (while going), step, stride | gaH- | * gweha- | 463 | 482 | |
| gā | sing | gaH-i- | * geh1(i)- | 355 | 482 | |
| gāh | plunge, enter (into the water), wade in | gaHj́h- | * gehxǵh- | 465 | 486 | |
| goh | hide | g(h)auj́h- | * gheuǵh- | 450 | 502 | |
| granthi | tie, knot | grantH- | * - | 386 | 504 | |
| gras | devour, digest | gras- | * gras- | 404 | 507 | |
|
grah v9 [var. grabh] |
take, seize, grab | - | * ghrebh- | 455 | - | |
|
gṛha n |
house, dwelling | - | * ghrebh- | 455 | - | |
| ghar | sprinkle, drip | ghar | * - | 446 | 512 | |
|
ghrā v1 |
smell | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
āghrā v3 |
smell; sniff | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
vyāghra m |
tiger | - | * o- | - | - |
Verb roots (c-ñ)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | EAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cakṣ | see, cast a look | čakć- | * kweḱ/ǵ- | 638 | 523 |
| cand/ścand | shine, glitter | (s)čand- | * (s)kand- | 526 | 528 |
| cami | sip, rinse | č(i)am-/č(i)ām- | * kwem- | 640 | 530 |
|
cari vi |
move, walk, go, wander; perform | čaRH- | * kwel- | 639 | 534 |
|
ācar vi |
travel; behave; pratice | - | * o- | - | - |
| cart | tie, bind | čart- | * kert- | 584 | 536 |
| cet | perceive, take notice of; to shine, appear, be conspicuous | čait- | * - | 636 | 547 |
| ceṣṭ | move, stir | čaist- | * - | 538 | 550 |
| cod | urge, impel, incite | čaud- | * (s)keud- | 955 | 551 |
| cyav | move, go | čiau- | * kei- | 538 | 552 |
| chand | appear, appear good, please | sćand- < sčand- | * (s)kand- | - | 555 |
| chard | pour out; spit out, vomit | sčard- | * - | 948 | 557 |
| chā | cut open (skin), skin, pull off skin | sćaH- | * skeh1i(-d)- | 919 | 558 |
| ched | split, break, cut off | sćaid- | * skeh1i(-d)- | 919 | 561 |
|
jani v4 [var. jā] |
be born, produce, create | j́anH- | * ǵenh1- | 373 | 567 |
|
jana m |
man, person, being | - | * ǵenh1- | 373 | 567 |
|
janaka m |
father | - | * ǵenh1- | 373 | 567 |
| jambh | rip up (mouth, jaws), snap | j́ambh- | * (ǵhómbhos) | 369 | 572 |
| jambh | crush, destroy | j́ambh- | * - | 369 | 572 |
| jay | win, conquer, defeat | ǰai- | * - | 469 | 573 |
| jar | wake up (intr.) | Hǰar- | * h1ger- | 390 | 574 |
| jari | age, grow old; to make old, decrepit | j́arH- | * ǵerha- | 390 | 577 |
| javi | be quick, hurry | j́auH- | * - | 399 | 580 |
| jas | be exhausted, hungry | j́as- | * gwes- | 479 | 581 |
| jūrv | destroy, eradicate | j́rH-u- (?) | * - | - | 597 |
| joṣ | like, be pleased, enjoy | j́auš- | * ǵeus- | 399 | 599 |
| jñā | know, recognize, understand | j́naH- | * ǵneh3- | 376 | 599 |
| jyot | be brilliant, shine | dyaut- | * dei- | 183 | 753 |
| jvari | suffer | j́uarH- | * ǵwelhx- | 479 | 607 |
Verb roots (t-n)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | OIP | EAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| taṃs | shake, move to and fro, tug | tans- | * ten- | 1068 | 609 | |
| tak | rush, hurry | tak- | * tek- | 1059 | 610 | |
| takṣ | form by cutting, tool, hammer; to fashion, form, make, prepare | taćš- < tatc | * teḱs- | 1058 | 612 | |
| tan | stretch, extend | tan(H)- | * ten- | 1065 | 618 | |
| tand | be paralyzed, become tired | tand | * ten- | 1065 | 623 | |
|
tap v1 |
heat, be/become hot, make hot; to suffer; to perform austerity | tap- | * tep- | 1069 | 623 | |
|
tapas n |
heat; suffering, torment | - | * tep- | - | - | |
|
tāpasa m |
ascetic, recluse | - | * tep- | - | - | |
| tami | become exhausted, be suffocated | tamH- | * temhx- | 1063 | 626 | |
| tari | pass (through), overcome | tarH- | * terh2- | 1074 | 629 | |
| tark | turn, move to and fro | tark- | * terk(w)- | 1077 | 633 | |
| tard | split, pierce, open | tard- | * terh1- | 1076 | 634 | |
| tarp | satisfy oneself, enjoy, be/become pleased, be/become satisfied | tarp- | * terp- | 1077 | 634 | |
| tarp | steal, rob | tarp- | * terp- | 1077 | 635 | |
| tarṣ | be thirsty, crave | tarš- | * ters- | 1078 | 635 | |
| tarh | crush, shatter | (s)tarj́h- | * - | 1062 | 636 | |
| tavi | be strong | tauH- | * teuha- | 1080 | 638 | |
| tūr(v) | overcome, overpower, be superior | trH-u- | * ter- | 1074 | 662 | |
| tej | sharpen | taig-/taiǰ- | * steig- | 1016 | 668 | |
| toj | push (forward), drive, set in motion, sling, press forward/out | (H)taug-/(H)tauǰ- | * - | 1032 | 670 | |
| tod | thrust, give a push, prick, crush | taud- | * (s)teud- | 1033 | 671 | |
|
tuṣ v4 |
be pleased, be satisfied | tauš- | * teus- | 1056 | 337 | 672 |
|
saṃtuṣ v4 |
be pleased with | - | * teus- | 1056 | 337 | 672 |
|
saṃtuṣṭa adj |
happy, pleased | - | * teus- | 1056 | 337 | 672 |
| trā | protect, defend, rescue | traH- | * - | 1074 | 679 | |
|
tvar v1 |
hasten, hurry | - | * twer- | 1100 | 379 | - |
|
tvarā f |
haste; speed | - | * twer- | 1100 | 379 | - |
|
satvara adj |
quick, lively | - | * twer- | 1100 | 379 | - |
| tsar | approach stealthily, sneak, creep up on smb. | tsar- | * (t)sel- | 900 | 687 | |
| daṃś | bite | danć- | * denḱ- | 201 | 688 | |
| daṃs | have miraculous power, be capable of smth. wondrous | dans- | * dens- | 201 | 688 | |
| dakṣ | be able' [med.], `to make agreeable to (dat.)' [act.] | dakš- | * - | - | 689 | |
|
dīv v4 |
shine | - | * dei- | 183 | 408 | - |
|
div m |
sky | - | * dei- | 183 | 408 | - |
|
deva m |
god | - | * dei- | 183 | 408 | - |
|
dhā v3 |
put, place | - | * dheh1- | 235 | - | |
|
vidhā v3 |
do, make, produce | - | * dheh1- | 235 | - | |
|
vidhā f |
behaviour; species, kind | - | * dheh1- | 235 | - | |
|
vividha adj |
various, diverse | - | * dheh1- | 235 | - | |
|
dhyā v1 [cf. dhī] |
reflect, meditate | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
dhyāna n |
meditation | - | * o- | - | - | |
| o | o | o | * o- | - | - |
Verb roots (p-m)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | OIP | EAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
pā v1 |
drink | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
puṣ v4 |
thrive, enjoy | - | * p(h)eu- | - | - | |
|
puṣpa m |
flower | - | * p(h)eu- | - | - | |
|
bhuj v7 |
enjoy; eat, drink | - | * bheug- | 153 | - | |
|
bhoga m |
consumption; food, meal; pleasure | - | * bheug- | 153 | - | |
|
bhū n |
be, exist | - | * bheuhx- | 146 | 369 | - |
|
bhūta m |
living thing, creature | - | * bheuhx- | 146 | 369 | - |
Verb roots (y-v)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | EAW | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
yu v2 [cf. yuj] |
join, unite | - | * yeuhx- | 508 | - | |
|
yūtha n/m |
herd, flock | - | * yeuhx- | 508 | - | |
|
lok v1 [cf. ruc] |
see, look at | - | * leuk- | 687 | - | |
|
loka m |
place; world, universe; people | - | * leuk- | 687 | - | |
|
vac v2 |
speak, say | - | * wekw- | 1135 | 353 | - |
|
vacana n |
speech, language | - | * wekw- | 1135 | 353 | - |
|
vas v1 |
live, reside | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
viś v6 |
enter | - | * weik- | - | 326 | - |
|
vṛ v5 |
cover, wrap, surround | - | * wer- | 1160 | - | |
|
vara m |
circumference, thing that surrounds | - | * wer- | 1160 | - | |
|
īśvara m |
rich man, lord, king | - | * wer- | 1160 | - |
Verb roots (ś-h)
| SAN | Meaning | IIR | INE | PKY | EAW | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
śī v2 [var. śe] |
be stretched, laid; rest, sleep | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
āśī v2 |
be stretched, rest on | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
āśaya m |
resting place, refuge | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
jalāśaya m |
lake, pond, ocean | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śubh v1 |
shine | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śobh v10, caus |
adorn, decorate; make shine | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śobhana adj |
bright shiny; beautiful | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śram v4 |
be waery, tired; practice ascetism | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śrama m |
tiredness, exhaustion | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
āśrama m/n |
retirement, refuge; hermitage | - | * o- | - | - | |
|
śru v5 |
listen, learn, study | - | * ḱleu | 605 | 335 | - |
|
sad v1 |
sit | - | * sed- | 884 | - | |
|
āsad v1 |
sit | - | * sed- | 884 | - | |
|
prāsāda m |
palace, temple | - | * sed- | 884 | - | |
|
sū v1 |
set in motion | - | * seuh3- | - | 392 | - |
|
sūta m |
messenger; coachman, charioteer | - | * seuh3- | - | 392 | - |
|
spṛś v6 |
touch | - | * o- | - | - |