Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Saul |
r. c. 1050 – c. 1010 BCE (40 years) |
Son of Kish | |
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Ish-bosheth |
r. c. 1000 – c. 991 BCE (2 years) |
Son of Saul |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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David |
r. c. 1010 – c. 970 BCE (40 years) |
Son of Jesse | |
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Solomon |
r. c. 970 – c. 931 BCE (40 years) |
Son of David |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Jeroboam I |
r. c. 931 – c. 909 BCE (22 years) |
Son of Nebat | |
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Nadab |
r. c. 909 – c. 908 BCE (2 years) |
Son of Jeroboam I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Baasha |
r. c. 908 – c. 885 BCE (24 years) |
Son of Ahijah | |
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Elah |
r. c. 885 – c. 884 BCE (2 years) |
Son of Baasha |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Zimri |
r. c. 884 BCE (7 days) |
Son of Zerah |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Tibni |
r. c. 885 – c. 880 BCE (4 years) |
Son of Ginath |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Omri |
r. c. 884 – c. 873 BCE (12 years) |
Unclear succession | |
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Ahab |
r. c. 873 – c. 852 BCE (22 years) |
Son of Omri | |
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Ahaziah |
r. c. 852 – c. 851 BCE (2 years) |
Sons of Ahab | |
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Jehoram |
r. c. 851 – c. 842 BCE (12 years) |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Jehu |
r. c. 842 – c. 815 BCE (28 years) |
Son of Jehoshaphat | |
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Jehoahaz II |
r. c. 819 – c. 804 BCE (17 years) |
Son of Jehu | |
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Jehoash |
r. c. 805 – c. 790 BCE (16 years) |
Son of Jehoahaz II | |
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Jeroboam II |
r. c. 790 – c. 750 BCE (41 years) |
Son of Jehoash | |
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Zechariah |
r. c. 749 BCE (6 months) |
Son of Jeroboam II |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Shallum |
r. c. 749 BCE (1 month) |
Son of Jabesh |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Menahem |
r. c. 749 – c. 738 BCE (10 years) |
Son of Gadi | |
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Pekahiah |
r. c. 738 – c. 736 BCE (2 years) |
Son of Menahem |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Pekah |
r. c. 736 – c. 732 BCE (20 years) |
Son of Remaliah |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Hoshea |
r. c. 732 – c. 722 BCE (9 years) |
Son of Elah |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Rehoboam |
r. c. 931 – c. 914 BCE (17 years) |
Son of Solomon | |
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Abijah |
r. c. 914 – c. 911 BCE (3 years) |
Son of Rehoboam | |
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Asa |
r. c. 911 – c. 870 BCE (41 years) |
Son of Abijah | |
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Jehoshaphat |
r. c. 870 – c. 845 BCE (25 years) |
Son of Asa | |
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Jehoram |
r. c. 851 – c. 843 BCE (8 years) |
Son of Jehoshaphat | |
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Ahaziah |
r. c. 843 – c. 842 BCE (1 year) |
Son of Jehoram |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Athaliah |
r. c. 842 – c. 835 BCE (6 years) |
Daughter of Omri (?) |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Jehoash |
r. c. 835 – c. 802 BCE (40 years) |
Son of Ahaziah | |
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Amaziah |
r. c. 805 – c. 776 BCE (29 years) |
Son of Jehoash | |
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Uzziah |
r. c. 788 – c. 736 BCE (52 years) |
Son of Amaziah | |
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Jotham |
r. c. 758 – c. 742 BCE (16 years) |
Son of Uzziah | |
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Ahaz |
r. c. 742 – c. 726 BCE (16 years) |
Son of Jotham | |
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Hezekiah |
r. c. 726 – c. 697 BCE (29 years) |
Son of Ahaz | |
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Manasseh |
r. c. 697 – c. 642 BCE (55 years) |
Son of Hezekiah | |
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Amon |
r. c. 642 – c. 640 BCE (2 years) |
Son of Manasseh | |
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Josiah |
r. c. 640 – c. 609 BCE (31 years) |
Son of Amon | |
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Jehoahaz III |
r. c. 609 BCE (3 months) |
Sons of Josiah | |
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Jehoiakim |
r. c. 609 – c. 598 BCE (11 years) | ||
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Jeconiah |
r. c. 598 – c. 597 BCE (3 months and 10 days) |
Son of Jehoiakim | |
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Zedekiah |
r. c. 597 – c. 586 BCE (11 years) |
Son of Josiah |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Nebuchadnezzar II |
r. c. July 586 – 7 October 562 BCE (≈24 years) |
Son of
Nabopolassar d. c. 7 October 562 BCE |
|
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Amel-Marduk |
r. 7 October 562 – August 560 BCE (≈2 years) |
Son of Nebuchadnezzar II d. c. August 560 BCE | |
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Neriglissar |
r. August 560 – April 556 BCE (≈4 years) |
Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II d. April 556 BCE | |
Labashi-Marduk |
r. April 556 – c. 25 May 556 BCE (≈1 month) |
Son of Neriglissar d. c. 25 May 556 BCE | ||
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Nabonidus |
r. c. 25 May 556 BC – 13 October 539 BCE (≈17 years) |
Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II d. c. 522 BCE |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gedaliah |
r. 586–539 BCE (≈47 years) |
Son of Ahikam |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Cyrus III |
r. October 539 – August 530 BCE (≈9 years) |
Son of Cambyses II d. December 530 BCE |
|
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Cambyses III |
r. August 530 – April 522 BCE (≈8 years) |
Son of Cyrus III d. July 522 BCE | |
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Bardiya |
r. April – September 522 BCE (≈5 months) |
Son of Cyrus III d. 522 BCE | |
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Darius I |
r. December 522 – August 521 BCE (≈8 months) |
Son of
Hystaspes d. October 486 BCE | |
|
Xerxes I |
r. November 486 – July 484 BCE (≈2 years) |
Son of Darius I d. August 465 BCE | |
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Artaxerxes I |
r. 465 – December 424 BCE (≈41 years) |
Son of Xerxes I d. 424 BCE | |
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Xerxes II |
r. 424 BCE (≈45 days) |
Son of Artaxerxes I d. 424 BCE | |
Sogdianus |
r. 424–423 BCE (≈6 months) |
Son of Darius I | ||
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Darius II |
r. February 423 – c. April 404 BCE (≈19 years) |
Son of Darius I d. c. 404 BCE | |
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Artaxerxes II |
r. c. April 404 – c. April 358 BCE (≈46 years) |
Son of Darius II d. c. April 358 BCE | |
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Artaxerxes III |
r. c. April 358 – c. September 338 BCE (≈20 years) |
Son of Darius II d. c. September 338 BCE | |
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Artaxerxes IV |
r. c. September 338 – autumn 336 BCE (≈2 years) |
Son of Artaxerxes III d. 336 BCE | |
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Darius III |
r. winter 336 – July 330 BCE (≈6 years) |
Son of Artaxerxes IV d. July 330 BCE |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Shealtiel |
r. c. 539 – c. 538 BCE (≈1 year) |
Son of Jehoiachin | |
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Zerubbabel |
r. c. 538 – c. 520 BCE (≈18 years) |
Son of Shealtiel (?) |
# | Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st |
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Jeconiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Jehoiakim b. c. 616 BCE d. c. 561 BCE |
|
2nd | Shealtiel |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Jeconiah b. c. 586 BCE d. c. 540 BCE | ||
Pedaiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Brother of Shealtiel b. c. 586 BCE d. c. 540 BCE | |||
3rd |
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Zerubbabel |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Shealtiel or Pedaiah (?) b. c. 566 BCE d. c. 510 BCE | |
4th | Meshullam |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Zerubbabel b. c. 530 BCE d. c. 440 BCE | ||
5th | Hananiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Zerubbabel b. c. 500 BCE d. c. 440 BCE | ||
6th | Berechiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Zerubbabel b. c. 490 BCE | ||
7th | Hasadiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Zerubbabel b. c. 490 BCE | ||
8th | Jeshaiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Zerubbabel b. c. 420 BCE | ||
9th | Rephaiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Jeshaiah b. c. 420 BCE | ||
10th | Arnan |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Rephaiah b. c. 420 BCE | ||
11th | Obadiah |
r. c. 616 – c. 616 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Arnan b. c. 420 BCE |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheshbazzar |
r. c. 539 – c. 538 BCE (≈1 year) |
Unclear succession | ||
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Zerubbabel |
r. c. 538 – c. 520 BCE (≈18 years) |
Son of Shealtiel (?) | |
Elnathan |
r. c. 520 – c. 518 BCE (≈2 years) |
Son of Achbor | ||
Jehoezer |
r. c. 518 – c. 518 BCE (≈4 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
Ahzai |
r. c. 518 – c. 518 BCE (≈3 years) | |||
Urio |
r. c. 518 – c. 480 BCE (≈3 years) | |||
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Ezra |
r. c. 480 – c. 440 BCE (≈40 years) | ||
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Nehemiah |
r. c. 440 – c. 428 BCE (≈12 years) | ||
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Hezekiah |
r. c. 428 – c. 332 BCE (≈18 years) |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Temple period ( c. 995 – c. 587 BCE) | ||||
Hilkiah |
r. c. 641 – c. 609 BCE (≈32 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
Azariah IV |
r. c. 609 – c. 598 BCE (≈11 years) |
Son of Hilkiah | ||
Seraiah |
r. c. 598 – c. 539 BCE (≈59 years) |
Son of Azariah IV | ||
Second Temple period ( c. 516 BCE – c. 70 CE) | ||||
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Joshua |
r. c. 515 – c. 490 BCE (≈25 years) |
Son of Jozadak | |
Joiakim |
r. c. 490 – c. 470 BCE (≈20 years) |
Son of Joshua | ||
Eliashib |
r. c. 470 – c. 433 BCE (≈37 years) |
Son of Joiakim | ||
Joiada |
r. c. 433 – c. 410 BCE (≈23 years) |
Son of Eliashib | ||
Johanan |
r. c. 410 – c. 371 BCE (≈39 years) |
Son of Joiada | ||
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Jaddua |
r. c. 371 – c. 330 BCE (≈41 years) |
Son of Johanan |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Onias I |
r. c. 330 – c. 310 BCE (≈20 years) |
Son of Jaddua | ||
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Simon I |
r. c. 310 – c. 260 BCE (≈50 years) |
Son of Onias I (?) | |
Eleazar |
r. c. 260 – c. 245 BCE (≈15 years) |
Son of Onias I | ||
Manasseh |
r. c. 245 – c. 240 BCE (≈5 years) |
Son of Jaddua | ||
Eleazar |
r. c. 240 – c. 240 BCE (≈5 years) |
Son of Onias I | ||
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Onias II |
r. c. 240 – c. 219 BCE (≈21 years) |
Son of Simon I | |
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Simon II |
r. c. 219 – c. 196 BCE (≈23 years) |
Son of Onias II | |
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Onias III |
r. c. 196 – c. 175 BCE (≈21 years) |
Son of Simon II | |
Jason |
r. c. 175 – c. 171 BCE (≈4 years) |
Son of Simon II |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Mattathias |
r. 170–167 BCE (≈3 years) |
Son of Johanan | |
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Judas Maccabeus |
r. 167–160 BCE (≈7 years) |
Sons of Mattathias | |
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Jonathan Apphus |
r. 160–143 BCE (≈17 years) |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Simon Thassi |
r. 142–135 BCE (≈7 years) |
Son of Mattathias | |
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John Hyrcanus |
r. 135–104 BCE (≈31 years) |
Son of Simon Thassi | |
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Aristobulus I |
r. 104–103 BCE (≈1 year) |
Sons of John Hyrcanus | |
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Alexander Jannaeus |
r. 103–76 BCE (≈27 years) | ||
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Salome Alexandra |
r. 76–67 BCE (≈7 years) |
Daughter of Shetah (?) | |
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Aristobulus II |
r. 67–63 BCE (≈4 years) |
Sons of Alexander Jannaeus | |
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Hyrcanus II |
r. 63–40 BCE (≈23 years) | ||
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Antigonus II Mattathias |
r. 40–37 BCE (≈3 years) |
Son of Aristobulus II |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Antipater I |
r. 47–44 BCE (≈3 years) |
Son of Antipas |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Herod I |
r. 47–44 BCE (≈3 years) |
Son of Antipater I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Phasael |
r. 47–40 BCE (≈7 years) |
Son of Antipater I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pheroras |
r. 20–5 BCE (≈15 years) |
Son of Antipater I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Herod Archelaus |
r. 4 BCE – 6 CE (≈10 years) |
Son of Herod I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Herod Antipas |
r. 4 BCE – 39 CE (≈33 years) |
Son of Herod I | |
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Agrippa I |
r. 40–41 CE (≈1 year) |
Son of Aristobulus IV |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Herod Philip II |
r. 4 BCE – 34 CE (≈38 years) |
Son of Herod I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Salome I |
r. 4 BCE – 10 CE (≈14 years) |
Sister of Herod I |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jose ben Joezer |
r. 170–140 BCE (≈40 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
Joshua ben Perachiah |
r. 140–100 BCE (≈40 years) | |||
Simeon ben Shetach |
r. 100–65 BCE (≈35 years) | |||
Shmaya |
r. 65–31 BCE (≈34 years) | |||
|
Hillel the Elder |
r. 31 BCE – 9 CE (≈40 years) | ||
Simeon ben Hillel |
r. 9–30 CE (≈21 years) | |||
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Rabban Gamaliel I |
r. 30–50 CE (≈20 years) | ||
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Rabban Gamaliel II |
r. 50–70 CE (≈20 years) |
Son of Simeon ben Gamliel I | |
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Eleazar ben Azariah |
r. 115–132 CE (≈17 years) |
Descendant of Ezra | |
|
Judah bar Ilai |
r. 135–140 CE (≈5 years) |
Son of Rabbi Ilai I | |
Simeon ben Gamliel I |
r. 140–170 CE (≈30 years) |
Son of Rabban Gamaliel II | ||
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Yohanan ben Zakkai |
r. 140–170 CE (≈30 years) |
Son of Rabban Gamaliel II | |
Simeon ben Gamaliel II |
r. 140–170 CE (≈30 years) |
Son of Rabban Gamaliel II | ||
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Judah ha-Nasi |
r. 170–220 CE (≈5 years) |
Son of Simeon ben Gamaliel II | |
Gamaliel III |
r. 220–230 CE (≈10 years) |
Son of Judah ha-Nasi | ||
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Judah II |
r. 230–270 CE (≈40 years) |
Son of Gamaliel III | |
Gamaliel IV |
r. 270–290 CE (≈20 years) |
Son of Judah II | ||
Judah III |
r. 290–320 CE (≈30 years) |
Son of Gamaliel IV | ||
Hillel II |
r. 320–365 CE (≈45 years) |
Son of Judah III | ||
Gamaliel V |
r. 365–385 CE (≈20 years) |
Son of Hillel II | ||
Judah IV |
r. 385–400 CE (≈15 years) |
Son of Gamaliel V | ||
Gamaliel VI |
r. 400–425 CE (≈25 years) |
Unclear succession |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Sextus Julius Severus |
r. 135–136 CE (≈1 year) |
Unclear succession | |
Sextus Julius Major |
r. 136–140 CE (≈4 years) | |||
Lucius Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus |
r. 140–144 CE (≈4 years) | |||
Sulpicius Julianus |
r. 144–150 CE (≈6 years) | |||
Marcus Pontius Laelianus |
r. 150–154 CE (≈4 years) | |||
Marcus Cassius Apollinaris |
r. 154–157 CE (≈3 years) | |||
Lucius Attidius Cornelianus |
r. 157–162 CE (≈5 years) | |||
Marcus Annius Libo |
r. 163–164 CE (≈1 year) | |||
Gnaeus Julius Verus |
r. 164–166 CE (≈2 years) | |||
Avidius Cassius |
r. 166–175 CE (≈9 years) | |||
Publius Martius Verus |
r. 175–178 CE (≈3 years) | |||
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Publius Helvius Pertinax |
r. 179–182 CE (≈3 years) | ||
Gaius Domitius Dexter |
r. 183–185 CE (≈2 years) | |||
Publius Martius Verus |
r. 185–186 CE (≈1 year) | |||
Gaius Julius Saturninus |
r. 186–187 CE (≈1 year) | |||
Asellius Aemilianus |
r. 187–190 CE (≈3 years) | |||
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Gaius Pescennius Niger |
r. 190–193 CE (≈3 years) |
Portrait or inscription | Ruler | Approx. date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Comments, notes, and references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mar-Zutra III |
r. 502–589 CE (≈80 years) |
Son of Mar-Zutra II | ||
Rav Gorya |
r. 589–589 CE (≈5 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
Mar-Zutra IIII |
r. 589–660 CE (≈5 years) | |||
Rav Jacob |
r. 660–660 CE (≈5 years) | |||
Rav Migas |
r. 660–660 CE (≈5 years) | |||
Rav Nehemiah |
r. 589–589 CE (≈5 years) | |||
Rav Avdimi |
r. 589–589 CE (≈5 years) |