This is the user sandbox of Marin0429. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here.

Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox

Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review!

Integrated Community Energy and Harvesting Systems (ICE-Harvest) Information

ICE-Harvest Systems consisted of integration and control of i) multiple Distributed Energy Resources DERs ^[1]at the community level connecting buildings through a micro-thermal distribution network, ii) energy harvesting, iii) controllable loads, and iv) bi-directional electric vehicle (EV) management, with the objective of minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. DERs are grid-connected or distribution system-connected devices of a Distributed generation.

ICE-Harvesting system installed at McMaster Institute for Energy Studies

Background Information

The building sector is one of the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gas producers all over the world. ^[2]^[3]. Buildings account for about 40% of the global energy consumption and contribute over 30% of the CO2 emissions. ^[4]. For instance, In 2016, 1885 PJ of energy used for thermal comfort (heating and cooling) and domestic hot water purposes by Canadians which produced 82 Mt of CO2 equivalent (CO2e)^[5], making it the third largest source of emissions after oil and gas production, and transportation.^[6].

History of ICE-Harvest

Waste heat recovery

The waste heat produced by gas generators on the electrical grid and waste heat from cooling processes can be used to provide heating to a cluster of buildings. In this contest, there are two main projects in Europe applying the waste heat in District heating systems namely, FLEXYNETS project and Life4HeatRecovery project.

FLEXYNETS project

The project is part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 ^{[
citation needed]} research and innovation programme, and it is coordinated by EURAC research ^{[
citation needed]}. The project is currently working with three early adopter projects located in Heilbronn (Germany), Høje Taastrup (Denmark), and Trento (Italy) ^{[
citation needed]}.

Life4HeatRecovery project

This project started in 2018 in three cities across Europe ^{[
citation needed]}. The project has four main objectives. Firstly, to demonstrate the opportunity for waste heat recovery from urban sources such as air conditioners and industrial processes. Second, to demonstrate management strategies for DH networks that prioritize the harvesting of waste energy sources and interact with the electricity grid to benefit both the utility owners and customers. Third, to demonstrate energy trading schemes wherein customers act as both producers and consumers of energy. Finally, to develop the financial schemes that produce a replicable and reliable business case in various investment markets.

Motivation

Utilization, electrification and resiliency

Lowering GHG emissions

Sustainable communities

Definition Information

The ICE-Harvest system is a modified 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) system ^[7]. An ICE-Harvest system is a district heating system that incorporates heat pumps to couple the thermal and electrical energy demands of buildings. The ICE-Harvest system uses heat pumps to supply both heating and cooling from a one pipe thermal distribution network. The ICE-Harvest system has unidirectional mass flow in a ring arrangement with branches at each building. Bidirectional energy flow between the network and buildings is permitted, meaning that heat rejection from cooling processes can be recovered in the network to reduce the total system heating load. This concept is referred to as energy sharing.

ICE-Harvest Principles & Features

Harvesting and sharing unused energy

Minimization of curtailment

Reactive micro thermal and electrical grids

Electrical and thermal energy storage for grid levelization

Predictive control systems

Community identification and characterization

Scalability

An ICE-Harvest system design and components

Energy Management Center (EMC)

Modular System Design

Micro-thermal distribution network

Energy Transfer Station (ETS)

Thermal energy storage

References Information

^ "Introduction to Distributed Generation". Virginia Tech. 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
^ United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions. Retrieved 4 May 2021. {{ cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= ( help)
^ Energy Fact Book 2019 2020. NRCan. ISBN 2370-3105 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/pdf/Energy%20Fact%20Book_2019_2020_web-resolution.pdf. Retrieved 4 May 2021. {{ cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length ( help); Missing or empty |title= ( help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link)
^ Yang, Liu; Yan, Haiyan; C.Lam, Joseph (2014). "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review". Applied Energy. 115: 164-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062. {{ cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= ( help); Check |doi= value ( help); External link in |doi= ( help)
^ Brander, Matthew. "Greenhouse Gases, CO2, CO2e, and Carbon: What Do All These Terms Mean?" (PDF). Ecometrica. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
^ Canada, E.; Canada, C.C. (1990/2020). National Inventory Report 1990–2018: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Environment and Climate Change Canada. ISBN 1910-7064. {{ cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length ( help); Check date values in: |date= ( help)
^ Simone, Buffa; Marco, Cozzini; Matteo, D’Antoni; Marco, Baratieri; Roberto, Fedrizzi (2019). "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 104: 504-522. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.059. {{ cite journal}}: Check |doi= value ( help); External link in |doi= ( help)

[1] "Introduction to Distributed Generation". Virginia Tech. 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2] United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions. Retrieved 4 May 2021. {{ cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= ( help)

[3] Energy Fact Book 2019 2020. NRCan. ISBN 2370-3105 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/pdf/Energy%20Fact%20Book_2019_2020_web-resolution.pdf. Retrieved 4 May 2021. {{ cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length ( help); Missing or empty |title= ( help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link)

[4] Yang, Liu; Yan, Haiyan; C.Lam, Joseph (2014). "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review". Applied Energy. 115: 164-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062. {{ cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= ( help); Check |doi= value ( help); External link in |doi= ( help)

[5] Brander, Matthew. "Greenhouse Gases, CO2, CO2e, and Carbon: What Do All These Terms Mean?" (PDF). Ecometrica. Retrieved 4 May 2021.

[6] Canada, E.; Canada, C.C. (1990/2020). National Inventory Report 1990–2018: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Environment and Climate Change Canada. ISBN 1910-7064. {{ cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length ( help); Check date values in: |date= ( help)

[7] Simone, Buffa; Marco, Cozzini; Matteo, D’Antoni; Marco, Baratieri; Roberto, Fedrizzi (2019). "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 104: 504-522. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.059. {{ cite journal}}: Check |doi= value ( help); External link in |doi= ( help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]