Urban-type settlement (
Ukrainian: селище міського типу,
romanized: selyshche miskoho typu) was a type of
administrative division for urban-like
human settlements in
Ukraine from 1925 until 2024. Following the reform, this type of settlement was reduced to rural status and all urban-type settlements were renamed as settlements.
According to the
Constitution of Ukraine that was adopted in 1996, the only populated places in Ukraine are cities, settlements and villages (
Article 133). No urban-type settlements are mentioned in the Constitution.
History
In 1925, the designation of
urban-type settlement was introduced into the classification system of the
Soviet Union.[1] This included the
Ukrainian SSR, where it replaced the previous term "town" (
Ukrainian: містечко,
romanized: mistechko).[2] In Crimea, this type of settlement appeared after its transfer to the
Ukrainian SSR in 1954 and until then similar settlements were known as resort settlements or workers' settlements.
Ukrainian historian
Oleksandr Androshchuk [
uk] described the urban-type settlement as "a peculiar category of settlements [...] detached from the centuries-old history of urban settlement in Ukraine."[3] The number of urban-type settlements in Ukraine increased steadily throughout the 20th century. There were 459 by 1940, 478 by 1950, 823 by 1960, 861 by 1970, 901 by 1980, and 927 by 1990.[1] However, the newly created urban-type settlements often did not have significant differences from traditional villages, with many residents continuing to engage in agricultural lifestyles. Androshchuk notes that "during the first ten years of Soviet rule on the territory of modern Ukraine, three times more rural settlements were transferred to the category of urban-type settlements than in the previous 300 years", and argues that such a rapid change was doomed to be ineffective, as it was "not possible to force yesterday's
peasant to wake up in the morning as a city dweller."[3]
The largest wave of urban-type settlement creation took place in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when, according to Oleksandr Androshchuk in 2006, more than half of the urban-type settlements in existence were created. In 1957 alone, 125 settlements became urban-type settlements in Ukraine.[3] A 1965 decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic further clarified the definition of an urban-type settlement, defining it as "a populated area around an industrial plant, construction site, railway junction, educational institution, research station, sanatorium, or other stationary medical or convalescent establishment that has state housing and over 2,000 residents, 60 percent of whom are wage or salaried workers or members of their families." It was also specified that a such settlement may have less than 2,000 people if it is expected to develop further and pass that number.[1]
In 1981, the Presidium of the
Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a resolution further specifying the definition of an urban-type settlement, and making it more clear how settlements could change their status.[5]
Ukraine
became independent in 1991,[6] but retained the Soviet-era classifications of inhabited localities for a time. By July 2023, the number of urban-type settlements in the country had fallen to 881.[7] On 24 October 2023, as part of wider
decommunization in independent Ukraine,
Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy signed Law No. 8263 that would abolish of the concept of "urban-type settlement" in
Ukraine, which he said was to facilitate "de-Sovietization of the procedure for solving certain issues of the administrative and territorial system of Ukraine." The law is set to come into effect three months after its signing - meaning on 26 January 2024.[8] This was part of administrative reforms for
decentralization intended to help reduce
corruption.
List
Below is the list of all urban-type settlements that existed in Ukraine.
During the
Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia has
illegally occupied parts of Ukraine. Since 2014, it has occupied the entire
Crimean peninsula, as well as parts of
Donetsk Oblast and
Luhansk Oblast, and since 2022, it has additionally occupied significant portions of
Kharkiv Oblast,
Kherson Oblast, and
Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[9] Russia does not recognize Ukraine's right to make legal changes to the statuses of localities in the territories it claims, so whether a settlement is considered an urban-type settlement may differ between the laws of the two countries. For simplicity, this list only gives the statuses of places according to Ukrainian law.
^"Картка постанови" (in Ukrainian).
Verkhovna Rada. Archived from the original on 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2023-02-07.{{
cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link)