The
United States is the largest contributor of
military aid to foreign countries in the world, with its Department of Defense providing funding and/or American military hardware aid to over 150 countries annually for defense purposes.
There are three main programs where military funding is allocated:
Foreign military financing provides grants for the acquisition of U.S. defense equipment, services, and training. These grants enable friends and allies to improve their defense capabilities.[2] FMF is allowed under the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), which as amended [22 U.S.C. 2751, et. seq.], authorizes the President to finance procurement of defense articles and services for foreign countries and international organizations.[3] The goals of FMF are:
Promoting national security by contributing to regional and global stability
Strengthening military support for democratically elected governments and containing transnational threats, including terrorism and trafficking in narcotics, weapons, and persons
Fostering closer military relationships between the U.S. and recipient nations
Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) provide voluntary support for international peacekeeping activities. These funds support non-U.N. operations and training in response to a nation’s crisis.[4] The goals of PKO are:
Promoting increased involvement of regional organizations in conflict resolution
Helping leverage support for multinational efforts in the event of a nation's crisis
Promoting interoperability with U.S. and coalition forces
Exposing foreign civilian and military officials to democratic values, military professionalism, and international norms of human rights
Some examples of this would include the United States' efforts in Colombia and South Korea. Military aid has been successful in stopping insurgency, providing stability, and ending conflicts within the region. In South Korea, US military aid has been beneficial for the maintenance of national security, economic and social development, and civilization as a whole.[6]
In many other cases, military aid has laid the groundwork for other forms of aid. This aid includes building schools to promote education, providing clean drinking water, and further stabilizing food production. Without military aid, this development would have been impossible.[citation needed]
Criticisms
Particular targets of criticism include
Funds appropriated to the
State Department and
Defense Department represent the vast majority of unclassified military aid and assistance. The public does not have any way of tracking classified programs administered by the U.S. intelligence community.[7]
The United States gives the same amount of money to its top five aid recipients as they give to the rest of the world.[8]
Generally, increasing levels of US military aid significantly reduces cooperative foreign policy behavior with the United States [9]
Table
The following table shows which countries does the United States provide military aid and/or assistance, per
USAID.[10]