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As a reaction to the rise of a
reformist, but staunchly
conservativeAKP in 2000s, Ulusalcılar came up with
numerous conspiracy theories. The central theme of these theories is a
world-wide conspiracy to destroy Turkey, which is believed to be spearheaded by countries such as
United States,
EU member states,
Greece,
Israel, and
Armenia, ethnicities such as
Greeks,
Arabs, and
Armenians, and ideologies such as
liberalism, anti-nationalist leftism, and
Islamism. To further consolidate their claims, the leaders of the ideology sought to 'historically prove' their theories, thus developing
Kemalist historiography and radicalizing it. These theories were popularized by media outlets such as
Sözcü, a staunch Kemalist and xenophobic[5][6][7] newspaper. According to
Doğan Gürpınar, the theories are mostly popular among upper-middle-class secular Turks; however, he notes that there is a lack of definitive research on this area.[5]
Position on the political spectrum
The majority of those who identify themselves as Ulusalcı define themselves as politically on the left. In a different view, CHP İzmir MP and former
ECtHR judge
Rıza Türmen considered Ulusalcılık as a kind of "extreme Kemalist nationalism" and said that one cannot be both a Ulusalcı and a leftist.[8]
In the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the word "Ulusalcı" has also been used only in a nationalist sense. For example, in a debate in the parliament,
Muharrem İnce gave the example of Islamist politician
Necmettin Erbakan and said, "Our world views were not the same with the late Erbakan, but he had a Ulusalcı side, he had a national stance."[9] For
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, on the other hand, the word Ulusalcılık meant nationalism and patriotism and said in 2013 that CHP members were Ulusalcı.[10]
AK Party Deputy Chairman
Hüseyin Çelik said of the students who protested against Erdoğan at
METU in 2012, "They are incorrigible Ulusalcıs."[11]
^
abGürpinar, Doğan (2013). "Historical Revisionism vs. Conspiracy Theories: Transformations of Turkish Historical Scholarship and Conspiracy Theories as a Constitutive Element in Transforming Turkish Nationalism". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. 15 (4): 412–433.
doi:
10.1080/19448953.2013.844588.
S2CID145016215.