By institutional affiliation, universities and colleges are classified into four categories.[6]
Affiliated to central government ministries (中央部属高校)
Public universities and colleges that are directly affiliated with cabinet ministries and commissions of the
State Council.[6][7]
Provincial (省属) / Regional (自治区属) / Municipal (市属)
Public universities and colleges that are affiliated with the governments of provinces, cities, and autonomous regions.[6]
Private (民办/私立)
Universities and colleges that are owned and operated by private enterprises.[8][9]
Independent college (独立学院)
Private colleges that are owned and operated by private enterprises, and are prefixed with the name of a public university under a contract between the public university and the private enterprise. The independent colleges issue their own diplomas.[10][11][9]
By institutional status
The Ministry of Education of China imposes strict naming regulations for the Chinese names of nationwide higher education institutions. Only institutions that satisfy all requirements set up by the ministry can use the stand-alone word "University" in their Chinese names. Otherwise, the institutions may only use other words such as "College," "Vocational and Technical University," or "Vocational and Technical College" instead.[12] However, the Ministry of Education of China does not examine or regulate the English names of higher education institutions. Therefore, a number of colleges and vocational colleges in China adapt the stand-alone word "University" as part of their self-translated English names.[12][13][14]
The number of full-time students in the university should be more than 8,000.
The number of postgraduate students on campus shall not be less than 5% of the total number of full-time students.
In the humanities (philosophy, literature, history, etc.), social sciences (economics, law, education, etc.), science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, management and other disciplines, universities should have more than 3 disciplines as Main subjects.
The general undergraduate majors in each major subject category should cover more than three first-level disciplines in that subject category.
The number of full-time undergraduate and above students in each major subject category shall not be less than 15% of the total number of full-time undergraduate and above students in the school.
Have at least 2 master's degree-granting points.
The total number of general undergraduate majors offered by the school is at least 20.
The proportion of full-time faculty members with graduate degrees should generally reach more than 50%, and the proportion of full-time faculty members with doctoral degrees in the total number of full-time faculty members should generally reach more than 20%.
The number of full-time faculty members with senior professional and technical titles should generally be no less than 400, of which the number of full-time faculty members with full professor titles should generally be no less than 100.[12]
College (学院)
Vocational University/Vocational and Technical University (职业大学/职业技术大学)[15]
Vocational College/Vocational and Technical College (职业学院/职业技术学院)
Senior Vocational School (高等专科学校)
Adult Higher Education School (成人高等学校)[16][17][18]
Radio and TV University/Open University (广播电视大学/开放大学)
^"中央部属高校名单—中国教育在线". 中国教育在线 – 职业教育网 Vocational Education Channel, China Education Online.
Archived from the original on 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
^"独立学院设置与管理办法 – 教育部 – 中国政府网". 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.
Archived from the original on 2023-10-07. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
^
abcd"大学与学院的区别". 中国教育发展战略学会 China Education Development Strategy Society.
Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
^sina_mobile (2019-06-03).
"教育部正式批准成立首批"本科职业大学"". edu.sina.cn.
Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
^"全国成人高等学校名单 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". 中华人民共和国教育部 Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.
Archived from the original on 2023-10-07. Retrieved 2023-10-07.