Troglodytes[1] is a
genus of small
passerine birds in the
wren family.
These wrens are around 11–13 centimetres (4.3–5.1 in) long. They are brownish above and somewhat paler below, with strong legs. Their short rounded wings and frequently cocked tail have a dark barred pattern. The flight is direct and buzzing.
Troglodytes wrens are mostly found in somewhat cooler habitats than most of their relatives. Most of the species are found in the mountains from
Mexico to northern
South America. Five species are found in temperate latitudes: The
house wren occurs widely in both tropical and temperate lowlands, but is frequently split into several species. Until recently, the hardy
winter wren was believed to have a wide distribution in
North America,
Europe,
Asia and
North Africa, but it has recently been split into three species, of which the
Eurasian wren is the only wren of any genus found outside the
New World. The
Cobb's wren of the
Falkland Islands is another species which tolerates harsh conditions well.
Like other wrens, they are elusive as they hunt for small
insects and
spiders, but they readily reveal their positions through their loud songs.
These are territorial birds, but the tiny winter wren will roost communally in a cavity in cold weather to help conserve heat.
The closest living relatives of this genus are possibly the
timberline wren and the Cistothorus species, rather than the Henicorhina wood-wrens as is sometimes proposed.[4]
A number of the Troglodytes species, such as the
Clarión wren, were formerly considered subspecies of the house wren, and it has been argued that at least the tropical forms of the house wren should be further split as the southern house wren, Troglodytes musculus. The
Socorro wren, in older times placed into Thryomanes (
Bewick's wren), is actually a close relative of the house wren complex, as indicated by "manners, song, plumage, etc."[5] and by
biogeography and
mtDNANADH dehydrogenasesubunit 2
sequence analysis.[4]
The
winter wren is less closely related to the other members of the genus, and is occasionally split as the
monotypic genus Nannus. It might actually be closely related to Cistothorus,[4] but again, the molecular data is insufficient to properly resolve this issue.
Even with the help of the most recent molecular data,[4] the relationships of the species could not be fully resolved, however. There appear to be two
clades, one comprising the house wren group and another containing Central and South American species. The relationships of the
rufous-browed and
brown-throated wrens are indeterminable with the present molecular data; they appear fairly
basal and the former might be closer to the house wren group than the latter. The
Santa Marta wren is quite enigmatic and little-studied.
Species
House wren, Troglodytes aedon – taxonomy needs revision
Northern house wren, Troglodytes (aedon) aedon group
^Etymology:
Ancient Greek τρωγλοδύτες "cave-dwellers" (compare
troglodyte), from trogle (τρώγλη) "hole" + dyein (δυειν) "to enter". In reference to the tendency of these wrens to enter small crevices as they search for food.
^Howell, Steven N.G. & Webb, Sophie (1995): A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York.
ISBN0-19-854012-4
Further reading
french, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.
ISBN0-8014-9792-2