The Triodion (
Greek: Τριῴδιον, Triōdion;
Church Slavonic: Постнаѧ Трїωдь, Postnaya Triod;
Romanian: Triodul,
Albanian: Triod/Triodi), also called the Lenten Triodion (Τριῴδιον κατανυκτικόν, Triodion katanyktikon), is a
liturgical book used by the
Eastern Orthodox and
ByzantineCatholic churches. The book contains the
propers for the
fasting period preceding
Pascha (Easter) and for the weeks leading up to the fast.
The
canons for weekday
Matins in the Triodion contain only three
odes and so are known as "triodes", after which the Triodion takes its name. The period which the book covers extends from the Sunday of the
Publican and Pharisee (the tenth week before Pascha: twenty-two days before the beginning of Great Lent), and concludes with the
Midnight Office of
Holy Saturday.
The Triodion contains the propers for:
The Pre-Lenten period, begins with a week in which there is no fasting, including on Wednesdays and Fridays, which are normally kept as fast days throughout the year (with few exceptions).
The Apokreo marks the change of diet to the fasting practice of Lent: meat is no longer eaten after the "First Apokreo Sunday" (i.e. the 8th Sunday before Easter). Apókreō (in
Greek, the "Leave-taking from Meat") coincides with the
Carnival celebrations which, although officially discouraged by the Church as
pagan remnants, are very popular.
The week following Apokreo is Tyrinĕ which culminates on Tyrinē Sunday (literally "Cheese Sunday" or "Second Apokreo Sunday") and just before
Clean Monday, where milk and dairy products can be consumed but not meat or eggs.
"Clean Monday" signifies the first day of "The Forty Days of Great Lent" (or "the Lenten Fast"), meals focus on a
vegan type diet including fish and exclusion of oil on certain days. Fasting ends on Good Friday and celebrations commence Easter/
Palm Sunday). This period also coincides with the springtime birth of new
lambs.