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Homelands of the Tongva
Tongva Sacred Springs (pictured March 2023)
Tovaangar (
Tongva : "the world")
[1]
[2] refers to the
Tongva world or homelands. It includes the greater area of the
Los Angeles Basin , including the
San Gabriel Valley ,
San Fernando Valley , northern
Orange County , parts of
San Bernardino County and
Riverside County , and the southern
Channel Islands , including
San Nicholas ,
Santa Catalina ,
Santa Barbara , and
San Clemente .
[3]
[4]
[5] The homelands of the
Chumash are to the northwest, the
Tataviam to the north, the
Serrano and
Cahuilla to the east, and the
Acjachemen and
Payómkawichum to the south.
[3]
Travel
The
Tongva still build
ti'at , plank boats similar to the
Chumash
tomol (pictured), as part of keeping their cultural practices alive.
[6]
Prior to
European colonialism , land travel through Tovaangar largely occurred through an extensive network of trails traveled by
Indigenous peoples throughout the region . Although not often recognized by name, many of these trails became roads and highways that are now used for automobile travel.
[7] One of the most significant was the
Mohave trail , which connected Tovaangar to nations in the east along, what the
Spanish referred to as, the
Colorado River .
[8]
Travel over water mainly occurred through
tule reed boats for local travel through waterways. For ocean travel, particularly between the mainland and the villages on
Pimuu'nga ,
Kinkipar , and
Haraasnga ,
te'aats or ti'ats were common. These are wooden plank boats built by the Tongva currently in the Ti'at Society that are made air tight with a mixture of
asphaltum and hold up to twelve people. A similar boat is the
Chumash tomol . The Tongva and Chumash are unique in being the only two nations in the region with plank canoes of this kind.
[9]
[6]
Land
After the establishment of
Spanish missions in California and the
California genocide , all of Tovaangar has been taken out of the Tongva's
stewardship . The
Tongva Taraxat Paxaavxa Conservancy has been established for the rematriation of Tongva homelands.
[10] In 2022, a 1-acre site (0.40 ha) was returned to the conservancy in
Altadena , which marked the first time the Tongva had land under their stewardship in
Los Angeles County in nearly two-hundred years.
[10]
Villages
Los Angeles County
Outskirts
Outskirts
Orange County
San Bernardino County
Riverside County
Channel Islands
References
^
"On Tovaangar | PRIME" . On Tovaangar | PRIME . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^ Stewart-Ambo, Theresa (2021).
"The Future Is in the Past: How Land-Grab Universities Can Shape the Future of Higher Education" . Native American and Indigenous Studies . 8 (1): 162–168.
doi :
10.1353/nai.2021.a784830 .
ISSN
2332-127X .
^
a
b Vaughn, Kēhaulani Natsuko; Ambo, Theresa Jean (2022-08-01).
"Trans-Indigenous Education: Indigeneity, Relationships, and Higher Education" . Comparative Education Review . 66 (3): 508–533.
doi :
10.1086/720611 .
ISSN
0010-4086 .
S2CID
249728456 .
^ Hackel, Steven W.; Zerneke, Jeanette; Zappia, Natale. "Early California Cultural Atlas: Visualizing Uncertainties within Indigenous History".
Visualizing Uncertainties Within Indigenous History .
doi :
10.4324/9780429295546-8-9 .
ISBN
9780429295546 .
S2CID
164246246 . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^ Curwen, Thomas (2019-05-09).
"Tongva, Los Angeles' first language, opens the door to a forgotten time and place" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^
a
b PBS SoCal (4 November 2019).
"Rethinking the Coast with the Ti'at Society | Tending Nature | Season 2, Episode 1 | KCET" . YouTube . Retrieved 7 October 2020 .
^ Day, Mark R. (13 September 2018).
"Aboriginal Pathways and Trading Routes Were California's First Highways" . ICT .
Archived from the original on Jan 2, 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-02 .
^ Zappia, Natale A. (2014).
Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540-1859 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 77.
ISBN
978-1-4696-1585-1 .
OCLC
883632043 .
^ Hein, Frank J.; de la Rosa, Carlos L. (2013).
Wild Catalina Island: Natural Secrets and Ecological Triumphs . Charleston, SC: History Press.
ISBN
978-1-61423-918-5 .
OCLC
944514536 .
^
a
b Valdez, Jonah (2022-10-10).
"After nearly 200 years, the Tongva community has land in Los Angeles County" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2023-01-03 .