Timothy_II_of_Constantinople References

Timothy II
Timothy II
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Church	Church of Constantinople
Installed	Oct/Nov 1612
Term ended	3 September 1620
Predecessor	Neophytus II
Successor	Cyril Lucaris
Personal details
Born	unknown
Died	3 September 1620
Previous post(s)	Archbishop of Patras

Timothy II Marmarinos ( Greek: Τιμόθεος Μαρμαρηνός; died 3 September 1620) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1612 to 1620.

Life

Timothy II Marmarinos was born in Bandırma,^[1] on the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara. On 28 February 1601, he became metropolitan of Patras, an office he maintained till he became Patriarch of Constantinople. After the deposition of Neophytus II in October 1612, the Church of Constantinople was temporally left in the care of Cyril Lucaris as locum tenens because of his position as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria. Cyril Lucaris was close to being appointed as patriarch but four bishops opposed and obtained the election of Timothy, one of their own, as Patriarch thanks to a promise to the Ottoman Sultan to increase the annual fee paid by the Patriarchate to 8,000 kuruş.^[2] Thus after 21 days of interregnum Lucaris gave up and at end October or in November 1612 Timothy became the Patriarch of Constantinople.

Timothy remained a fierce opponent of Lucaris, whom he forced to retire on Mount Athos. Timothy obtained an arrest warrant against Lucaris, but the latter fled back to Alexandria in Egypt.^[3] Timothy also denounced Lucaris as a Lutheran.

The reason for Timothy's opposition to Lucaris did not originate with any alignment with the latter's main enemies, i.e. the Catholics, who opposed Lucaris's pro- Protestant attitude. Timothy also maintained an anti-Catholic attitude,^[2]^{: para. 5} even if in 1615 he wrote a deferential letter to Pope Paul V.^[4]

In 1614, Timothy rebuilt and expanded the small Church of St. George in the Fanar, that since 1601 had become the See of the Patriarchate.^[5]

Timothy II died on 3 September 1620,^[6] or in March 1621 according to other sources.^[2] At the time rumors spread that he had been poisoned at a dinner given by the Dutch ambassador,^[4] a supporter of Lucaris, but no proof exists.^[2]

Notes

^ "Τιμόθεος Β´". Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 7 Sep 2011.(in Greek)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moustakas Konstantinos. Translation: Nakas Ioannis. " Timotheos II of Constantinople". Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retrieved 24 Nov 2022.
^ C. Emerau (1926). "Lucar Cyrille". Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique. Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1005.
^ ^a ^b Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in captivity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 232, 269. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.
^ Varvounis, M. C. (2006). Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο. Athens: Chelandion. p. 23. ISBN 960-87087-5-3.(in Greek)
^ Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.

[EP-1] "Τιμόθεος Β´". Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 7 Sep 2011.(in Greek)

[EHW-2] Moustakas Konstantinos. Translation: Nakas Ioannis. " Timotheos II of Constantinople". Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retrieved 24 Nov 2022.

[DTC-3] C. Emerau (1926). "Lucar Cyrille". Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique. Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1005.

[Runciman-4] Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in captivity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 232, 269. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.

[Varvounis-5] Varvounis, M. C. (2006). Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο. Athens: Chelandion. p. 23. ISBN 960-87087-5-3.(in Greek)

[Kiminas-6] Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.

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v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Byzantium ( Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops of Constantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople ( Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople ( Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III ( Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople ( Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal

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