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See also: Timeline of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439) and Timeline of the Sui dynasty
China in 460 AD

This is a timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties in China.

380s

Year Date Event
386 Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui revives the Tuoba state [1]
Later Qin: Yao Chang declares himself emperor [1]
387 Later Liang: Lü Guang declares himself Duke of Jiuquan [1]

390s

Year Date Event
393 Wei: Conquered by Later Yan [2]
394 Later Qin: Conquers Former Qin [1]
Later Yan: Conquers Western Yan [1]
395 Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui defeats Later Yan at Canhepi (east-northeast of Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia) [1]
396 Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui takes Bingzhou from Later Yan [1]
Emperor Xiaowu of Jin dies and is succeeded by Sima Dezong ( Emperor An of Jin) [1]
397 Southern Liang: Tufa Wugu declares himself Prince of Xiping [1]
Northern Liang: Duan Ye declares himself Duke of Jiankang in Zhangye [1]
398 Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui moves his capital to Pingcheng [1]
399 Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui declares himself emperor [1]
Sun En revolts [1]
Faxian leaves for India [1]

400s

Year Date Event
400 Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms): Li Gao declares himself Duke of Liang in Dunhuang [1]
Western Qin: Submits to Southern Liang and then Later Qin [3]
Southern Yan: Murong De declares himself emperor in Guanggu [4]
401 Northern Liang: Juqu Mengxun kills Duan Ye and declares himself Duke of Zhangye [4]
402 Huan Xuan sacks Jiankang and Sun En dies, but his lieutenant Lu Xun takes over [4]
403 Later Liang: Surrenders to Later Qin [4]
404 Huan Xuan declares himself emperor and dies the same year [4]
405 Qiao Zong declares himself Prince of Chengdu [4]
407 Xia: Helian Bobo declares himself Heavenly King [4]
Northern Yan: Gao Yun is set up as heavenly king and replaces Later Yan [4]
409 Western Qin: Revived [3]

410s

Year Date Event
410 Liu Yu conquers Southern Yan [4]
411 Rebel Lu Xun dies [4]
412 Faxian returns from India [4]
413 Jin recovers Sichuan and Qiao Zong commits suicide [4]
414 Western Qin: Conquers Southern Liang [4]
416 Jin takes Luoyang from Later Qin [4]
Huiyuan dies [4]
417 Jin conquers Later Qin and Liu Yu takes Chang'an [4]
418 Jin troops retreat from Chang'an [4]
Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms): Helian Bobo takes Chang'an [4]
419 Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms): Helian Bobo leaves Chang'an [4]

420s

Year Date Event
420 Liu Yu ( Emperor Wu of Liu Song) replaces the Jin dynasty with the Song dynasty [5]
421 Northern Liang: Juqu Mengxun conquers Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) [6]
422 Emperor Wu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yifu, Emperor Shao of Liu Song [5]
423 Kou Qianzhi sets up the Celestial Master at Pingcheng [5]
424 Emperor Shao of Liu Song is deposed and succeeded by Liu Yilong ( Emperor Wen of Liu Song) [5]
426 Northern Wei: Attacks Xia [5]
427 Northern Wei: Takes Chang'an and sacks the Xia capital, Tongwan [5]
428 Xia: Retakes Chang'an [5]

430s

Year Date Event
430 Northern Wei: Takes Luoyang from Liu Song
Western Qin: Abandons Yuanchuan and Fuhan to the Tuyuhun and relocates to Pingliang and Anding [5]
431 Xia: Conquers Western Qin and are in turn conquered by the Tuyuhun [5]
433 Xie Lingyun is killed [5]
434 Northern Wei: Enters a marriage alliance with the Rouran [5]
Song retakes Hanzhong from Chouchi [5]
435 Northern Wei: Attacks Northern Yan [5]
436 Northern Wei: Conquers Northern Yan, whose sovereign Feng Hong flees to Goguryeo [5]
439 Northern Wei: Conquers Northern Liang; so ends the Sixteen Kingdoms [5]

440s

Year Date Event
442 Northern Wei: Tuoba Tao takes part in a Daoist ritual to receive talisman registers [7]
445 Northern Wei: Ge Wu rebels in Guanzhong [7]
446 Northern Wei: Ge Wu dies [7]
Northern Wei: Cui Hao instigates proscription campaigns against Buddhism [7]
449 Northern Wei: Defeats the Rouran in battle [7]

450s

Year Date Event
450 Northern Wei: Cui Hao is killed [7]
Liu Song launches a campaign against Northern Wei [7]
451 Northern Wei: Tuoba Tao leads his army south to Guabu (southeast of Luhe, Jiangsu) [7]
Pei Songzhi dies [7]
453 Emperor Wen of Liu Song is killed by Liu Shao, who is killed Liu Jun ( Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song) [7]
Northern Wei: Construction of the Yungang Caves begin [7]
458 Liu Song launches a campaign against Buddhism [7]

460s

Year Date Event
464 Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Ziye (Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song) [7]
465 Northern Wei: Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Tuaba Hong ( Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei) [7]
Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song dies [7]
466 Liu Yu ( Emperor Ming of Liu Song) takes power [7]
Bao Zhao is killed [7]
467 Northern Wei: Conquers territory north and west of the Huai River [7]
469 Northern Wei: Takes Qingzhou and Jizhou (冀州) (north Jiangsu) [7]

470s

Year Date Event
471 Northern Wei: Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei abdicates in favor of Yuan Hong ( Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei) [7]
472 Emperor Ming of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yu ( Emperor Houfei of Liu Song) [8]
477 Emperor Houfei of Liu Song is killed by Xiao Daocheng and is succeeded by Liu Zhun ( Emperor Shun of Liu Song) [8]
479 Xiao Daocheng ( Emperor Gao of Southern Qi) replaces Liu Song with the Southern Qi [8]

480s

Year Date Event
482 Emperor Gao of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Ze ( Emperor Wu of Southern Qi) [8]
485 Northern Wei: The equal-field system is implemented [8]
486 Northern Wei: The Three Chiefs system is implemented [8]

490s

Year Date Event
493 Emperor Wu of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Zhaoye [8]
Northern Wei: Li Chong starts constructions in Luoyang [8]
494 Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moves to Luoyang [8]
Northern Wei: Construction on the Longmen Caves begin [8]
495 Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei bans Xianbei language in court [8]
498 Emperor Ming of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Baojuan [8]
499 Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Yuan Ke ( Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei) [8]

500s

Year Date Event
500 Northern Wei: Conquers territory south of the Huai River [8]
501 Emperor He of Southern Qi is enthroned in Jiangling as a rival to Xiao Baojuan [8]
502 Xiao Baojuan is killed in Jiankang and Xiao Yan kills Emperor He of Southern Qi, founding his own Liang dynasty [8]
504 Northern Wei: Conquers Yiyang [8]
506 Northern Wei: Annexes Chouchi [9]
507 Northern Wei: Is defeated by Liang dynasty at Zhongli (northeast of Fengyang, Anhui) [8]

510s

Year Date Event
512 Northern Wei: Loses Qushan (southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu) to Liang dynasty [10]
518 Northern Wei: Song Yun departs for the Western Regions [10]

520s

Year Date Event
520 Northern Wei: Yujiulü Anagui takes shelter [10]
522 Northern Wei: Song Yun returns from India with 170 Buddhist sutras [10]
523 Northern Wei: The Six Frontier Towns rebel under Poliuhan Baling [10]
525 Northern Wei: Yujiulü Anagui defeats Poliuhan Baling [10]
Northern Wei: Du Luozhou rebels in north Hebei [10]
526 Northern Wei: Ge Rong rebels in north Hebei [10]
527 Northern Wei: Xiao Baoyin rebels in Guanzhong and kills Li Daoyuan [10]
528 Northern Wei: Erzhu Rong kills Yuan Zhao and enthrones Yuan Ziyou ( Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei) [10]
Northern Wei: Ge Rong is defeated [10]
529 Emperor Wu of Liang enters the Tongtai Monastery [10]

530s

Year Date Event
530 Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei kills Erzhu Rong but is killed by Erzhu Zhao [10]
532 Northern Wei: Gao Huan enthrones Yuan Xiu ( Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei) [10]
533 Northern Wei: Erzhu Zhao kills himself [10]
534 Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei escapes to Chang'an [10]
Eastern Wei: Gao Huan sets up Yuan Shanjian as Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei [10]
535 Western Wei: Yuwen Tai kills Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei and enthrones Yuan Baoju ( Emperor Wen of Western Wei) [11]
536 Tao Hongjing dies [11]
Eastern Wei: Chan Buddhism founder Bodhidharma dies [11]
537 Battle of Shayuan: Yuwen Tai defeats Gao Huan [11]

540s

Year Date Event
541 Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials [12]
543 Eastern Wei: Gao Huan defeats Yuwen Tai at Luoyang [11]
544 Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor) [12]
545 Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo [12]
547 Eastern Wei: Gao Huan dies and Hou Jing defects to Liang dynasty [11]
548 Hou Jing rebels in Shouyang and lays siege to Jiankang [11]
549 Hou Jing seizes Taicheng [11]
Emperor Wu of Liang dies and is succeeded by Xiao Gang ( Emperor Jianwen of Liang) [11]
Xiao Cha defects to Western Wei [11]
Eastern Wei: Conquers area south of the Huai River [11]

550s

Year Date Event
550 Western Wei: Conquers area east of the Han River (Hubei) [11]
Northern Qi: Gao Yang ( Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi) replaces Eastern Wei with Northern Qi and conquers areas east of Luoyang [11]
The fubing system is introduced [11]
551 Hou Jing kills Emperor Jianwen of Liang and declares himself emperor [11]
552 Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian take Jiankang [13]
Hou Jing is killed [13]
Xiao Ji declares himself emperor in Jiangling [13]
553 Xiao Ji is killed by Emperor Yuan of Liang's generals [13]
Western Wei: Conquers Sichuan [13]
Northern Qi: Rouran submit after behind being defeated by Turks [13]
554 Emperor Yuan of Liang is captured by Western Wei and killed [13]
555 Western Liang: Xiao Cha declares himself emperor in Jiangling [13]
Wang Sengbian sets up Xiao Yuanming but Chen Baxian kills Sengbian and sets up Xiao Fangzhi ( Emperor Jing of Liang) [13]
556 Northern Qi: Attack on Jiankang fails [13]
Western Wei: Yuwen Tai dies [13]
557 Northern Zhou: Yuwen Hu replaces Western Wei with Northern Zhou [13]
Chen Baxian replaces the Liang dynasty with the Chen dynasty [13]
558 Western Liang: Takes Changsha and Wuling [13]
559 Chen Baxian dies and is succeeded by Chen Qian ( Emperor Wen of Chen) [13]

560s

Year Date Event
560 Northern Zhou: Yuwen Hu kills Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou and sets up Yuwen Yong ( Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou) [13]
Northern Qi: Gao Yan ( Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi) ousts Emperor Fei of Northern Qi and sets himself up as emperor [13]
561 Northern Zhou: North Hubei is lost to the Chen dynasty [13]
Northern Qi: Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi dies and is succeeded by Gao Zhan ( Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi) [13]
565 Northern Qi: An attack by Northern Zhou is repulsed [14]
Northern Qi: Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi abdicates to Gao Wei [14]
566 Emperor Wen of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Bozong ( Emperor Fei of Chen) [14]
568 Emperor Fei of Chen is deposed [14]
569 Chen Xu ( Emperor Xuan of Chen) takes power [14]

570s

Year Date Event
570 Chen dynasty establishes trade relations with the Early Lý dynasty [12]
572 Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou kills Yuwen Hu [14]
573 Northern Qi: Loses areas north of the Changjiang to the Chen dynasty, including the Huai River valley [14]
574 Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou launches proscription against Buddhism [14]
575 Northern Qi: Forces are defeated by Chen dynasty at Lüliang [14]
Northern Zhou: Attacks Northern Qi [14]
576 Northern Zhou: Takes Jinyang [14]
577 Northern Zhou: Annexes Northern Qi [14]
578 Northern Zhou: Repulses a Chen attack on Pengcheng and captures Wu Mingche [14]
Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou dies and is succeeded by Yuwen Yun ( Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou) [14]
579 Northern Zhou: Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou abdicates to Yuwen Chan ( Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou) [14]

580s

Year Date Event
580 Northern Zhou: Seizes area north of the Changjiang [14]
Northern Zhou: Yang Jian becomes de facto holder of power [14]
Northern Zhou: Yuchi Jiong and Wang Qian rebel but fail [14]
581 Sui dynasty: Yang Jian ( Emperor Wen of Sui) replaces the Northern Zhou with the Sui dynasty [15]
582 Emperor Xuan of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Shubao [15]
583 Sui dynasty: Emperor Wen of Sui moves into Daxingcheng ( Xi'an, Shaanxi) and abolishes the commanderies while promulgating the Kaihuang Code [15]
584 Sui dynasty: Digs the Guangtong Canal [14]
587 Sui dynasty: Annexes Western Liang [15]
588 Sui dynasty: Launches expedition against the Chen dynasty [15]
589 Sui dynasty: Takes Jiankang and annexes the Chen dynasty; so ends the Northern and Southern dynasties [15]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Xiong 2009, p. xcvii.
  2. ^ Xiong 2009, p. 123.
  3. ^ a b Xiong 2009, p. 547.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Xiong 2009, p. xcviii.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Xiong 2009, p. xcix.
  6. ^ Xiong 2009, p. 273.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Xiong 2009, p. c.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Xiong 2009, p. ci.
  9. ^ Xiong 2009, p. 414.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Xiong 2009, p. cii.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Xiong 2009, p. ciii.
  12. ^ a b c d Taylor 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Xiong 2009, p. civ.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Xiong 2009, p. cv.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Xiong 2009, p. cvi.

Bibliography

  • Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
  • Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN  978-0810860537
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