From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Timeline of notable events in the London Underground
The transport system now known as the
London Underground began in 1863 with the
Metropolitan Railway , the world's first underground railway. Over the next forty years, the early
sub-surface lines reached out from the urban centre of the capital into the surrounding rural margins, leading to the development of new commuter suburbs. At the turn of the nineteenth century, new technology—including
electric locomotives and improvements to the
tunnelling shield —enabled new companies to construct a series of "tube" lines deeper underground. Initially rivals, the tube railway companies began to co-operate in advertising and through shared branding, eventually consolidating under the single ownership of the
Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), with lines stretching across London.
In 1933, the UK Government amalgamated the UERL and the Metropolitan Railway as a single organisation, named the
London Passenger Transport Board . The London Underground has since passed through a series of administrations, expanding further by the construction of new extensions and through the acquisition of existing main line routes, culminating in its current form as part of
Transport for London , the capital's current transport administration, controlled by the
Greater London Authority .
This timeline lists significant dates in the history of the network. Station names shown are current names; many stations have previously had different names.
1820s
Diagram of Brunel's
tunnelling shield and
Thames Tunnel construction
1825
Using his patented
tunnelling shield ,
Marc Brunel begins construction of the
Thames Tunnel under the River Thames between
Wapping and
Rotherhithe . Progress is slow and will be halted a number of times before the tunnel is completed.
[1]
1840s
1843
The
Thames Tunnel opens as a pedestrian tunnel.
[2]
1845
Charles Pearson , Solicitor to the
City of London , begins promoting the idea of an underground railway to bring passenger and goods services into the centre of the city.
[3]
1850s
1854
Metropolitan Railway (MR) is incorporated and granted powers to construct an underground railway from
Paddington to
Farringdon .
[4]
1856
Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) opens a line from
Leyton to
Loughton .
[5]
1860s
Construction of the
Metropolitan Railway near
King's Cross station , 1861
1860
Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (A&BR) is incorporated.
[6]
1862
Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (EH&LR) is incorporated to build a railway between
Finsbury Park and
Edgware .
[7]
1863
MR opens the first underground railway in the world.
[8]
1864
MR opens the
Hammersmith & City Railway , its first extensions to
Hammersmith and to
Kensington Olympia .
[8]
District Railway (DR) is incorporated.
[9]
[10]
North Western and Charing Cross Railway (NW&CCR) granted powers to construct an underground line from
Euston to
Charing Cross .
[11]
1865
MR extends to
Moorgate .
[8]
East London Railway (ELR) purchases the
Thames Tunnel for conversion to a railway tunnel.
[2]
ECR extends to
Ongar .
[5]
1867
EH&LR opens between Finsbury Park and Edgware.
[12]
1868
MR opens the
Metropolitan and St John's Wood Railway , a short branch northward from
Baker Street to
Swiss Cottage ,
[8] the first section of the company's eventual extensions into
Middlesex ,
Hertfordshire and
Buckinghamshire .
DR opens between
South Kensington and
Westminster . The
MR extends to connect to the
DR at South Kensington and both companies operate services over the other's tracks.
[8]
A&BR opens between
Aylesbury and
Verney Junction .
[13]
1869
DR extends from
Gloucester Road to
West Brompton .
[8]
ELR opens between
New Cross Gate and
Wapping . First use of Thames Tunnel for trains.
[2]
London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) opens line from
West London Line to
Richmond .
[14]
NW&CCR plans are abandoned.
[11]
1870s
Tower Subway , showing tubular construction with segmental cast-iron rings, 1870
1870
Tower Subway opens, briefly, using a cabled-hauled carriage before conversion to pedestrian use. Constructed using a circular
tunnelling shield developed by
Peter W. Barlow and
James Henry Greathead and lined with segmental cast-iron rings, this short tunnel under the River Thames successfully demonstrated new tunnelling techniques that would be used to construct most of the subsequent underground lines in London.
[15]
DR extends from
Westminster to
Blackfriars .
[8]
1871
DR extends from
Blackfriars to
Mansion House .
[8]
Euston, St Pancras and Charing Cross Railway revives
NW&CCR 's plans for an underground line from
Euston to
Charing Cross and changes its name to
London Central Railway (LCR).
[16]
Brill Tramway opens between the A&BR's station at
Quainton Road and
Wood Siding .
[13]
1872
Brill Tramway extends to
Brill .
[13]
DR extends from
Earl's Court to
Kensington Olympia .
[8]
Great Northern Railway (GNR) extends
E&HLR from
East Finchley to
High Barnet .
[17]
1873
GNR extends
EH&LR from
Highgate to
Alexandra Palace .
[18]
1874
DR extends from Earl's Court to
Hammersmith .
[8]
City of London financiers establish Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway to complete the
Inner Circle by linking the
DR's terminus at
Mansion House with the
MR's planned terminus at
Aldgate .
[19]
LCR plans are abandoned.
[16]
1875
MR extends to
Liverpool Street .
[8]
1876
MR extends to
Aldgate .
[8]
ELR extends from
Whitechapel to
Shoreditch .
[2]
1877
DR extends from
Hammersmith to connect to the
L&SWR at
Ravenscourt Park .
DR and
MR commence services over the
L&SWR to
Richmond .
[8]
1879
MR extends to
Willesden Green .
[8]
MR takes over Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway.
[19]
DR extends from
Turnham Green to
Ealing Broadway .
[8]
1880s
1880
MR extends to
Harrow on the Hill .
[8]
DR extends from
West Brompton to
Putney Bridge .
[8]
ELR opens a spur to
New Cross (South Eastern Railway)
1882
MR extends from
Aldgate to
Tower of London .
[8]
1883
DR commences a service over
Great Western Railway (GWR) via
Slough to
Windsor & Eton Central .
[8]
DR extends from
Acton Town to
Hounslow Town .
[8]
1884
City of London and Southwark Subway established to build a railway from the
City of London to
Elephant & Castle .
[20]
DR extends from
Osterley & Spring Grove to
Hounslow West .
[8]
MR and
DR connect
Mansion House with
Tower of London , completing the
Inner Circle .
[8]
MR and
DR extend east to
St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and connect to
ELR with services running to
New Cross and
New Cross Gate .
[8]
DR extends to
Whitechapel .
[8]
1885
MR extends to
Pinner .
[8]
DR withdraws
Ealing Broadway to
Windsor & Eton Central service.
[8]
1886
DR closes
Hounslow Town spur.
[8]
1887
MR extends to
Rickmansworth .
[8]
1889
MR extends to
Chesham .
[8]
DR connects to
L&SWR at
East Putney and commences services to
Wimbledon .
[8]
1890s
City and South London Railway electric locomotive and carriages, 1890
1890
City of London and Southwark Subway changes name to
City and South London Railway (C&SLR),
[21] and opens between
Stockwell and
King William Street , the world's first deep-level underground and electric railway.
[8]
Central London Railway (CLR) incorporated to build a tube railway from
Bank to
Shepherd's Bush .
[22]
1891
MR takes over
A&BR between
Aylesbury and
Verney Junction .
[8]
1892
MR extends from
Chalfont & Latimer to
Aylesbury .
[8]
Great Northern & City Railway (GN&CR) granted powers to build a tube railway from
Finsbury Park to
Moorgate .
[23]
1893
Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR) granted powers to build a tube railway from
Strand to
Hampstead .
[24]
Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (BS&WR) granted powers to build a tube railway from
Waterloo to Baker Street.
[25]
1897
Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from
Piccadilly Circus to South Kensington.
[26]
DR obtains powers to construct a tube railway from
Gloucester Road to
Mansion to run below its sub-surface line.
[26]
Anarchists bomb a
MR train which explodes at
Barbican , injuring 60 and killing one.
[27]
Whitaker Wright 's London & Globe Finance Corporation purchases
BS&WR .
[28]
1898
City and Brixton Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from
King William Street to
Brixton .
[29]
Waterloo and City Railway opens between
Waterloo and
Bank .
[8]
1899
Great Northern and Strand Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from
Wood Green to
Strand .
[30]
MR services commence over the
Brill Tramway .
[8]
1900s
"Underground"-branded
Tube map from 1908 showing the newly opened tube lines in central London
1900
C&SLR closes
King William Street and extends north to
Moorgate and south to
Clapham Common .
[8]
CLR opens between
Bank and
Shepherd's Bush .
[8]
Consortium led by
Charles Yerkes takes over
CCE&HR .
[31]
London & Globe Finance Corporation and
BS&WR collapse following
Whitaker Wright 's fraudulent concealment of large losses.
[32]
1901
C&SLR extends to
Angel .
[8]
Yerkes consortium takes over
DR ,
Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway and
Great Northern and Strand Railway and merges the tube routes to form the
Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR).
[33]
1902
Yerkes consortium takes over
BS&WR .
[33]
Yerkes establishes the
Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) as the holding company of the tube lines under his consortium's control.
[33]
DR extends from
Whitechapel to
Bromley-by-Bow and commences a service from there over the
London, Tilbury and Southend Railway to
Upminster .
[8]
Edgware & Hampstead Railway incorporated to build a railway from
Golders Green to
Edgware .
[34]
1903
C&SLR takes over
City and Brixton Railway and allows its plans to lapse.
[35]
DR extends from
Ealing Common to
South Harrow .
[8]
DR reopens
Hounslow Town spur.
[8]
Watford and Edgware Railway incorporated to build a railway from
Edgware to
Watford .
[36]
CCE&HR takes over
Edgware & Hampstead Railway .
[37]
Great Eastern Railway opens
Fairlop Loop from
Ilford to
Woodford via
Hainult .
[38]
1904
GN&CR opens between
Finsbury Park and
Moorgate .
[8]
MR opens branch from
Harrow-on-the-Hill to
Uxbridge .
[8]
Whitaker Wright commits suicide by swallowing
cyanide after being convicted of fraud.
[32]
1905
UERL opens
Lots Road Power Station to provide electricity for the
DR and the UERL's forthcoming tube lines.
[39]
MR and
DR replace steam trains with electric over majority of routes.
[40]
DR withdraws service between
East Ham and
Upminster .
[8]
DR opens branch from
Acton Town to
South Acton .
[8]
DR withdraws service between
St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and
New Cross .
[8]
Charles Yerkes dies and is replaced as Chairman of the
UERL by
Edgar Speyer .
[41]
1906
Sir
George Gibb becomes Managing Director of
UERL .
[42]
Frank Pick , later Managing Director and Vice Chairman of London Transport, begins work at
UERL .
[43]
MR withdraws services between
Hammersmith and
Richmond .
[8]
BS&WR opens between
Elephant & Castle and
Baker Street .
[8] It becomes known as the Bakerloo tube.
GNP&BR opens between
Finsbury Park and
Hammersmith .
[8] It becomes known as the Piccadilly tube.
MR withdraws service between
St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and
New Cross , pending electrification of the
ELR .
[8]
[40]
1907
Albert Stanley , later Chairman of London Transport, begins work at
UERL .
[44]
C&SLR extends to
Euston .
[8]
CCE&HR opens between
Golders Green ,
Archway and
Charing Cross .
[8] It becomes known as the Hampstead tube.
Piccadilly tube opens branch from
Holborn to
Aldwych .
[8]
Bakerloo tube extends to
Edgware Road .
[8]
1908
CLR extends to
Wood Lane .
[8]
DR restarts service between
East Ham and
Barking .
[8]
The underground railway companies begin to use the "Underground" brand for joint marketing.
[45]
First version of the
Underground roundel comes into use—a solid red disk with a bar carrying station names is based on a device used by the
London General Omnibus Company .
[46]
1909
DR closes
Hounslow Town spur again.
[8]
1910s
Tube roundels based on Edward Johnston's design
1910
District line extends from
South Harrow to connect to the
MR at
Rayners Lane and commences services to
Uxbridge .
[8]
District line starts excursion services from
Upminster to
Southend-on-Sea .
[8]
Separate managements of the
Bakerloo tube ,
Hampstead tube and
Piccadilly tube companies merge into a single company—the
London Electric Railway (LER).
[47]
[48] The lines continue to be identified by individual names.
1911
First escalators come into use at
Earl's Court .
[49]
1912
CLR extends to
Liverpool Street .
[8]
1913
UERL purchases the
C&SLR and
CLR .
[50]
MR takes control of the
ELR and the
GN&CR .
[50]
Following electrification of the
ELR ,
MR restarts service between
St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and
New Cross .
MR starts service from
Whitechapel to
Shoreditch and
Surrey Quays to
New Cross Gate .
[8]
[40]
Bakerloo tube extends to
Paddington .
[8]
1914
Hampstead tube extends to
Embankment .
[8]
1915
Bakerloo tube extends to
Willesden Junction .
[8]
MR begins publication of
Metro-land its annual guide promoting the use of its line for commuting and leisure. The name becomes synonymous with the developing suburbs north-west of the capital served by the railway.
[51]
Sir
Edgar Speyer resigns as Chairman of the
Underground Group following attacks in the press regarding his Germany origins.
[41] He is replaced by
Lord George Hamilton .
[52]
1916
Edward Johnston designs the
"Underground" typeface that now bears his name and is used by
Transport for London for all transport related purposes.
[53]
1917
Edward Johnston re-designs the Underground's disk and bar
roundel , to suit his new typeface, turning the disk into a ring.
[46]
1917
Bakerloo tube extends to
Watford Junction .
[8]
1919
Sir
Albert Stanley replaces
Lord George Hamilton as Chairman of the
Underground Group .
[44]
1920s
55 Broadway, built between 1927 and 1929
1920
CLR extends from
Wood Lane to
Ealing Broadway .
[8]
1922
Underground Group purchases unbuilt
Watford and Edgware Railway to extend the
Hampstead tube to
Watford .
[54]
1923
Hampstead tube extends to
Hendon Central .
[8]
1924
Hampstead tube extends to
Edgware .
[8]
C&SLR extends from
Euston to connect to
Hampstead tube at
Camden Town .
[8]
1925
MR extends from
Moor Park to
Watford .
[8]
1926
Hampstead tube links
Embankment to
Kennington and
C&SLR extends to
Morden , completing the integration of the two lines.
[8]
1929
55 Broadway opens as headquarters of the
Underground Group .
[55]
1930s
Arnos Grove station designed by
Charles Holden
1932
MR extends to
Stanmore .
[8]
Piccadilly line extends from
Finsbury Park to
Arnos Grove .
[8]
Piccadilly line extends over
District line from
Hammersmith to
South Harrow .
[8]
District line services restart between
Barking and
Upminster .
[8]
MR ends publication of
Metro-land .
[51]
1933
Piccadilly line extends from
Arnos Grove to
Cockfosters .
[8]
Piccadilly line extends over
District line from
Acton Town to
Hounslow West and from
South Harrow to
Uxbridge .
District line service withdrawn between
Acton Town and
Uxbridge .
[8]
Underground Group and
MR brought under common public control with the formation of the
London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB).
[56]
Lord Ashfield and
Frank Pick , formerly chairman and managing director of the Underground Group, become the LPTB's chairman and vice chairman.
[57]
LPTB publishes
Harry Beck 's first design for the
Tube Map .
[58]
1935
Brill Tramway closes.
[8]
LPTB announces the
New Works Programme , a five-year plan to modernise and extend the Underground network and to take over and electrify a number of main line routes.
[59]
1936
Metropolitan line closes from
Aylesbury to
Verney Junction .
[8]
1937
The combined
Hampstead tube and
C&SLR routes are officially renamed the
Northern line and the
CLR is renamed the
Central line .
[60]
[61]
1938
Collision of two trains between
Embankment and
Temple kills six and injures 45 due to an incorrectly wired signal control.
[62]
1939
Bakerloo line extends from
Baker Street to
Finchley Road and takes over
Metropolitan line services to
Stanmore .
[8]
Northern line extends from
Archway to
East Finchley .
[8]
LPTB suspends majority of
New Works Programme following outbreak of
Second World War .
[63]
District line ends excursion services to
Southend-on-Sea .
[8]
1940s
Londoners sheltering from The Blitz in a tube station
1940
Northern line extends over former
EH&LR route to
High Barnet .
[8]
Metropolitan line services withdrawn between
Latimer Road and
Kensington Olympia following bomb damage at
Uxbridge Road .
[8]
[64]
Londoners use the deep tube platforms as
air-raid shelters in the
London Blitz .
[65] Hits by German bombs during this period kill passengers and shelterers at
Charing Cross (7 killed),
Bounds Green (19 killed),
Balham (68 killed),
Tottenham Court Road (1 killed) and
Camden Town (1 killed).
[64]
Frank Pick retires from LPTB.
[66]
1941
Northern line extends over former
EH&LR route to
Mill Hill East .
[8]
Uncompleted new
Northern line depot at
Aldenham converted for the construction of
Halifax bombers .
[67]
Plessey uses unopened
Central line tunnels between
Wanstead and
Gants Hill as an underground factory.
[68]
A German bomb explodes at
King's Cross St Pancras station killing two members of staff.
[69]
A German bomb explodes in the
Central line ticket hall at
Bank , killing 56 people.
[70]
1943
Overcrowding by members of the public entering the air-raid shelter at the unopened station at
Bethnal Green causes the death of 173 people by crushing.
[70]
1946
Central line extends from
Liverpool Street to
Stratford .
[8]
1947
Central line extends from
Stratford over former
ECR and
GNR routes to
Woodford and
Newbury Park and from
North Acton over
GWR route to
Greenford .
[8]
Lord Ashfield retires from LPTB.
[71] He is replaced by board member
Lord Latham .
[72]
1948
The government
nationalises all London Transport operations and the
London Transport Executive (LTE) replaces
LPTB .
[73] LPTB Chairman
Lord Latham becomes its Chairman.
[74]
Central line extends over former
ECR and
GNR routes to
Roding Valley and
Loughton and over
GWR route to
West Ruislip .
[8]
1949
Central line extends over former
ECR route to
Ongar .
[8]
Circle line appears on tube maps as a separate service for the first time.
[8]
1950s
1950
LTE abandons
New Works Programme
Northern line extension to
Bushey Heath due to introduction of the
Metropolitan Green Belt preventing development in the areas to be served.
[75]
1953
LTE abandons take-over of former
EH&LR line between
Mill Hill East and
Edgware due to diminished expected passenger numbers and lack of funds.
[76]
A
rear-end collision between two trains on the
Central line between
Stratford and
Leyton kills 12 passengers.
[77]
Lord Latham retires as Chairman of the
LTE .
[74] He is replaced by
Sir John Elliot .
[78]
1955
Aldenham depot opens as bus overhaul works.
[79]
1956
Parliament grants approval for the construction of the
Victoria line .
[80]
1957
Electric tube trains replace steam-hauled shuttles between
Epping and
Ongar .
[81]
1959
District line spur between
Acton Town and
South Acton is closed.
[8]
Sir John Elliot retires as Chairman of the
LTE and is replaced by board member
Sir Alexander Valentine .
[78]
1960s
1960
The last published underground map designed by
Harry Beck is released.
[82]
Electric tube trains replace steam-hauled shuttles between
Chalfont & Latimer and
Chesham .
[83]
1961
Metropolitan line services withdrawn between
Aylesbury and
Amersham .
[8]
1963
London Transport Board (LTB) replaces
LTE .
[84] LTE Chairman
Sir Alexander Valentine continues as Chairman of the new board.
[78]
1964
District line services withdrawn between
Acton Town and
Hounslow West .
[8]
Northern City line services withdrawn between
Drayton Park and
Finsbury Park to allow the tunnels to be reused for the
Victoria line .
[85]
Experimental automatic ticket gates installed at
Stamford Brook ,
Chiswick Park and
Ravenscourt Park stations.
[84]
World's first automatic trains brought into service on
Central line between
Hainault and
Woodford to test
Victoria line operating systems.
[84]
1965
Sir Alexander Valentine retires as Chairman of the
LTB and is replaced by
Sir Maurice Holmes .
[86]
1968
Victoria line opens between
Walthamstow Central and
Warren Street .
[8]
1969
Victoria line extends to
Victoria .
[8]
1970s
1970
Greater London Council (GLC) takes control of management of London Underground from
London Transport Board controlling the Underground through a new
London Transport Executive (LTE).
Sir Richard Way is Chairman of the new Executive.
[87]
1971
Victoria line extends to
Brixton .
[8]
London Underground withdraws last operational steam locomotives from service.
[88]
1975
Moorgate tube crash kills 43 when a southbound
Northern line (Highbury Branch) train fails to stop and crashes into the headwall of the tunnel.
[89]
Piccadilly line extends from Hounslow West to
Hatton Cross .
[8]
Sir Richard Way retires as Chairman of the
LTE and is replaced by
Sir Kenneth Robinson .
[90]
1976
Northern line (Highbury Branch) transfers to
British Rail operation.
[8]
During a
bombing campaign against the Underground, an
Irish Republican Army (IRA) gunman
detonates a bomb on a train and kills the driver and injures a bystander while trying to escape.
[91]
1977
Piccadilly line extends from Hatton Cross to
Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 .
[8]
1979
Jubilee line opens between Baker Street and
Charing Cross and takes over
Bakerloo line service to
Stanmore .
[8]
1980s
London Transport Museum, Covent Garden
1980
London Transport Museum opens in
Covent Garden .
[92]
1981
GLC introduces
Fares Fair policy to reduce ticket prices by increasing London Transport subsidies from local
rates .
[93]
1982
Fares Fair policy ends following legal challenge from
Bromley London Borough Council , which does not have any Underground services.
[93]
Bakerloo line withdraws services between
Stonebridge Park and Watford Junction.
[8]
1983
LTE introduces
Travelcard and divides network into five fare zones.
[94]
1984
Bakerloo line restarts services between Stonebridge Park and
Harrow & Wealdstone .
[8]
Fire at Oxford Circus guts the northbound
Victoria line platform and damages adjacent northbound
Bakerloo line platform.
[95]
London Regional Transport (LRT) replaces
LTE , removing control of transport in London from the
GLC .
[95]
1985
LRT establishes its wholly owned subsidiary, London Underground Limited, to manage the Underground.
[95]
1986
Piccadilly line opens Heathrow loop and
Heathrow Terminal 4 .
[8]
1987
Fire at King's Cross kills 31 people when a blaze breaks out in a
Piccadilly line escalator.
[96]
1990s
Canary Wharf station on the
Jubilee line extension
1990
Hammersmith & City line appears on the Tube map independently of the
Metropolitan line for the first time.
[8]
1991
Travelcard Zone 5 split to create a new
Travelcard Zone 6 .
[94]
1993
Construction work on the
Jubilee Line Extension begins.
1994
Waterloo & City line transfers from
British Rail to London Underground ownership.
[8]
Piccadilly line 's
Aldwych branch closes.
[8]
Central line 's
Epping to
Ongar section closes.
[8]
1995
East London line closes for repairs to
Thames Tunnel .
[8]
1998
East London line reopens.
[8]
1999
Jubilee line extends from
Green Park to
Stratford . The section from
Green Park to
Charing Cross closes.
[8]
2000s
Oyster card
2000
Last service operates with a
train guard .
[97]
Transport for London (TfL), an executive body of the
Greater London Authority , is established to take over responsibility for London's transport from
LRT .
[98] London Underground Limited moves to direct control by the
Department for Transport .
[99]
2002
Lots Road Power Station closes.
[100]
2003
TfL takes control of London Underground Limited from the Department for Transport.
[99]
Oyster card smart card ticket system begins operation.
[100]
Public Private Partnership infrastructure companies
Metronet and
Tube Lines take over responsibility for maintenance of underground system.
[101]
[102] Train operations remain the responsibility of
TfL .
A
Central line train derails at
Chancery Lane when a motor falls from the underside of a carriage.
[103] Following investigations, modifications are made to all
1992 stock trains.
2005
Suicide bombers detonate bombs on three tube trains and one bus, killing 52 and injuring more than 770.
[104] Two weeks later
four further bombers fail when their bombs do not explode.
[105]
2006
East London line closes from
Shoreditch to
Whitechapel .
[106]
2007
East London line closes completely for conversion into part of
London Overground network.
[107]
Metronet goes into
administration following failures to manage the costs and programmes of its projects.
TfL takes over control.
[108]
2008
Piccadilly line extends to
Heathrow Terminal 5 .
[109]
Wood Lane station opens.
[110]
2009
Construction begins on
Crossrail .
[111]
Circle line extends to
Hammersmith .
[112]
2010s
2010
East London line reopens as part of
London Overground network.
[113]
TfL takes over
Tube Lines .
[114]
2012
London held the
2012 Olympics and
Paralympics , with record levels of Tube ridership.
[115]
2013
London Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary.
[116]
2014
Payment using
Contactless bank cards begins operation.
[117]
2016
All-night
Night Tube services begin operating on sections of some lines on Fridays and Saturdays.
[118]
2017
Construction begins on the
Northern line extension from
Kennington to
Battersea Power Station .
[119]
2020s
2021
Northern line extension from
Kennington to
Battersea Power Station opens.
[120]
2022
TfL Rail is rebranded to
Elizabeth line and the central section between
Paddington and
Abbey Wood station opens completing the
Crossrail project after 13 years of construction.
[121]
See also
Notes
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 34.
^
a
b
c
d
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 37.
^
Wolmar 2004 , p. 8.
^
"No. 21581" .
The London Gazette . 11 August 1854. pp. 2465–2466.
^
a
b Powell, W R, ed. (1966). "Economic influences on growth: Local transport".
A History of the County of Essex . Vol. 5. pp. 21–29.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
^
"No. 22411" .
The London Gazette . 7 August 1860. pp. 2934–2935.
^
"No. 22632" .
The London Gazette . 6 June 1862. p. 2902.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
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j
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m
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z
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ak
al
am
an
ao
ap
aq
ar
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at
au
av
aw
ax
ay
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ba
bb
bc
bd
be
bf
bg
bh
bi
bj
bk
bl
bm
bn
bo
bp
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bx
by
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cb
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ch
ci
cj
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cn
co
cp
cq
cr
cs
ct
cu
cv
cw
cx
cy
cz
da
db
dc
dd
de
df
Rose 1999.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 20.
^
"No. 22881" .
The London Gazette . 2 August 1863. pp. 3828–3830.
^
a
b
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 10.
^
Beard 2002 , p. 6.
^
a
b
c
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 32.
^ Baker, T.F.T.; Elrington, C.R., eds. (1982). "Chiswick: Communications".
A History of the County of Middlesex . Vol. 7. pp. 51–54.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
^
Wolmar 2004 , pp. 131–132.
^
a
b
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , pp. 11–12.
^ Baker, T.F.T.; Elrington, C.R., eds. (1980). "Friern Barnet: Introduction".
A History of the County of Middlesex . Vol. 6. pp. 6–15.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
^ Baker, T.F.T.; Elrington, C.R., eds. (1980). "Hornsey, including Highgate: Communications".
A History of the County of Middlesex . Vol. 6. pp. 103–107.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
^
a
b
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 27.
^
"No. 25382" .
The London Gazette . 29 July 1884. p. 3426.
^
"No. 26074" .
The London Gazette . 29 July 1890. p. 4170.
^
"No. 26190" .
The London Gazette . 7 August 1891. p. 4245.
^
"No. 26303" .
The London Gazette . 1 July 1892. pp. 3810–3811.
^
"No. 26435" .
The London Gazette . 25 August 1893. p. 4825.
^
"No. 26387" .
The London Gazette . 31 March 1893. p. 1987.
^
a
b
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^
"The Explosion on the Metropolitan Railway" .
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Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 113.
^
"No. 26984" .
The London Gazette . 5 July 1898. p. 4064.
^
"No. 27105" .
The London Gazette . 4 September 1899. pp. 4833–4834.
^
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 94.
^
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b
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 114.
^
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c
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 118.
^
"No. 27497" .
The London Gazette . 21 November 1902. p. 7533.
^
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , p. 213.
^
Beard 2002 , p. 11.
^
Beard 2002 , p. 10.
^ Powell, W R, ed. (1966). "The ancient parish of Barking: Introduction".
A History of the County of Essex . Vol. 5. pp. 184–190.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
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Day & Reed 2008 , p. 64.
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Wolmar 2004 , pp. 121–126.
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b
Barker 2004 (1).
^ Irving, R. J. (2008).
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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.).
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doi :
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UK public library membership required.)
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Elliot 2004.
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b
Barker 2004 (2).
^
Badsey-Ellis 2005 , pp. 282–283.
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"History of the roundel" . London Transport Museum. 2008. Archived from
the original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2009 .
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 79.
^
"No. 28311" .
The London Gazette . 23 November 1909. pp. 8816–8818.
^
Wolmar 2004 , p. 182.
^
a
b
Wolmar 2004 , p. 205.
^
a
b
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 84.
^
"New Chairman of the Underground" .
The Times . No. 40858. 19 May 1915. p. 13. Retrieved 9 August 2009 .
^
"Font Designer – Edward Johnston" . The Source of the Originals . Linotype. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009 .
^
Beard 2002 , p. 14.
^
Wolmar 2004 , p. 269.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 112.
^
Wolmar 2004 , p. 255.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 103.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 118.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 124.
^
"London Tubes' New Names - Northern And Central Lines" . The Times . No. 47772. 25 August 1937. p. 12. Retrieved 24 July 2009 .
^
Woodhouse 1938 , p. 1.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 136.
^
a
b
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 138.
^
Wolmar 2004 , pp. 285–286.
^
"Mr Frank Pick to Retire" .
The Times . No. 48583. 6 April 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 29 April 2011 . (subscription required)
^
Beard 2002 , pp. 102–117.
^
Emmerson & Beard 2004 , pp. 108–121.
^
Croome 2003 ,p. 56.
^
a
b
Wolmar 2004 , p. 288–289
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"L.P.T.B. Chairmanship" .
The Times . No. 50908. 3 November 1947. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2009 .
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"L.P.T.B. Chairmanship" .
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^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 150.
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a
b Day, John R; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground . Capital Transport. p. 150.
ISBN
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Day & Reed 2008 , p. 154.
^
Beard 2002 , p. 127.
^
McMullen 1953 , p. 1.
^
a
b
c Day, John R; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground . Capital Transport. p. 163.
ISBN
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^
"The Aldenham Works soon after opening - photograph" . Exploring 20th Century London.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2009 .
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 155.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 151.
^
"1960" . A History of the London Tube Maps . Archived from
the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2009 .
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 157.
^
a
b
c
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 163.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 164.
^
"New Chairman for London Transport" .
The Times . No. 56185. 3 December 1964. p. 10. Retrieved 14 July 2010 .
^ Roberts, Frank; Baily, Michael (22 October 1969).
"GLC to get transport free of £250m debt" .
The Times . No. 57697. p. 2. Retrieved 14 July 2010 .
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 167.
^
McNaughton 1976 , p. 2.
^ Warman, Christopher (12 June 1974).
"Mr Kenneth Robinson's transport post causes dispute between party leaders" .
The Times . No. 59113. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010 .
^
"On This Day: 15 March 1976 — Tube driver shot dead" .
BBC News . 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2009 .
^ Mullins, Sam (9 March 2020).
"Shaping London Since 1980" . London Transport Museum. Retrieved 29 March 2020 .
^
a
b
Wolmar 2004 , pp. 303–304.
^
a
b Monopolies and Mergers Commission (1991).
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the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2009 .
^
a
b
c
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 189.
^
Fennell 1988 , pp. 15–16.
^
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 207.
^ Waugh, Paul (3 July 2000). "The capital's new authority takes control today".
The Independent . p. 8.
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b
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^
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b
Day & Reed 2008 , p. 218.
^ Webster, Ben (9 January 2003).
"Tube consortium to earn £250m over six years" .
The Times . London. Retrieved 18 August 2009 .
^ Webster, Ben (5 April 2003).
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The Times . London.
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HM Railway Inspectorate 2006 , p. 1.
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^
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^
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Transport for London . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2009 .
^
"The East London line extension" (PDF) .
Transport for London . p. 4. Archived from
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^
"First Piccadilly line passengers travel to Heathrow Terminal 5" .
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^
"New Wood Lane Underground Station" .
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^
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^
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^
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BBC News . 8 May 2010.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2010 .
^
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^
"London Underground: 150 years" . ITV News . Retrieved 8 August 2022 .
^ Topham, Gwyn (16 September 2014).
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^
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^
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Transport for London . 11 April 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2020 .
^
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References
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ISBN
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Barker, Theo (2004).
"Speyer, Sir Edgar, baronet (1862–1932)" .
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/36215 . Retrieved 13 July 2009 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
Barker, Theo (2004).
"Albert Henry Stanley (1874–1948)" .
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/36241 . Retrieved 13 July 2009 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
Beard, Tony (2002). By Tube Beyond Edgware . Capital Transport.
ISBN
1-85414-246-1 .
Croome, Desmond F. (2003). The Circle line - An Illustrated History . Capital Transport.
ISBN
978-1-85414-267-2 .
Day, John R; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground . Capital Transport.
ISBN
978-1-85414-316-7 .
Elliot, John ; Robbins, Michael (2004).
"Pick, Frank (1878–1941)" .
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/35522 . Retrieved 13 July 2009 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
Emmerson, Andrew; Beard, Tony (2004). London's Secret Tubes: London's wartime citadels, subways and shelters uncovered . Capital Transport.
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Fennell, Desmond (1988).
Investigation into the King's Cross Underground Fire (PDF) . Department of Transport.
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HM Railway Inspectorate (2006).
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McMullen, D (1953).
Report on the Collision which occurred on 8th April 1953 near Stratford on the Central Line (PDF) . Ministry of Transport. Retrieved 12 August 2009 .
McNaughton, Lt Col I K A (1976).
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Rose, Douglas (1999) [1980]. The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History . Douglas Rose/Capital Transport.
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