From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of ancient Greece from its emergence around 800 BC to its subjection to the
Roman Empire in 146 BC.
For earlier times, see
Greek Dark Ages ,
Aegean civilizations and
Mycenaean Greece . For later times see
Roman Greece ,
Byzantine Empire and
Ottoman Greece .
For modern
Greece after 1820, see
Timeline of modern Greek history .
Archaic Period (785–481 BC)
785
Pithecusae (Ischia) is settled by
Euboean Greeks from
Eretria and
Chalcis
777
Cumae is founded by
Chalcis
776 Traditional date for the first historic
Olympic games.
757 The
First Messenian War starts. (Date disputed by
Jerome ,
Pausanias and
Diodorus ; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war).
756
Kyzikus is settled by
Ionians
754
Polydorus becomes king of
Sparta .
753 Athens: Office of
Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias).
743
Rhegion is founded by
Euboeans
740
Zancle is founded by Euboeans
738 Alternative date for the end of the
First Messenian War .
737 Rhegion and Zancle join in union under Zancle
735
Perdiccas I of Macedon flees from
Argos to
Macedonia and conquers the land.
734
Polydorus sends colonists to Italy.
734 Syracuse is founded by
Korinthians and
Teneans
734
Kerkyra is founded by Korinthians
733
Naxos (Sicily) is founded by Euboeans
733
Troliton is founded by
Megarans
732 Euboea splits between
Chalcis and
Eretria due to disputes
731
Sigeion is founded by
Mytilene
731
Catania is founded by Chalcidians
730
Leontini is founded by Naxos and controlled by the tyrant
Euarchus
730 Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini
728 Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle
Thapsos
727 –717 Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter
Leimone in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and
Aristotle ).
c. 725
Lelantine War between
Chalcis and
Eretria . Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain.
725 Thapsos abandoned and
Megara Hyblaea is settled by the Thapsos settlers
720s /710s
Droughts on
Euboea
720 Korinth removes the
Liburnians from Kerkyra
720:
Sybaris is founded by
Achaeans from
Helice
719
Polydorus , King of Sparta, is murdered by Polymarchus.
716
Mylae is founded and annexed by Zancle
716 According to legend: The reign of the
Heraklids over
Lydia is ended when
Candaules , known as
Myrsilus to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger.
715 Lydia annexes
Colophon and
Magnesia and sieges
Smyrna
712 Lydia abandons the siege of Smyrna and annexes parts of
Troad and
Sipylus
712 Korinth annexes
Perachora peninsula from Megara
710s Eretrian abandonment of Andros
709
Kroton is founded by Achaeans
707
Taras is founded by Dorians
705
Hybla Minor is annexed by Megara Hyblaea
704 Korinth gives
Samos 4 ships
700 The town of
Phaselis is founded by the
Rhodians
700
Erythra is annexed by
Rhegion [
citation needed ]
699
Metapontion is founded by Kroton and Sybaris
698 Euarchus is overthrown by Leontini
696
Lefkandi is occupied by Chalcis
695
Polieum is founded by Ionians
691
Antandrus is founded and annexed by Mytilene
690
Pheidon becomes tyrant of Argos.
689 Gela is founded by
Cretans and Rodians
688 Arisba is annexed by
Methymna and Mytilene declares war on Methymna
687 Annual office of
Archon established in Athens. Any Athenian
citizen can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications.
Creon elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias).
686 Methymna is annexed by Mytilene
686 Megara gains independence from Korinth
685 The second
Messenian war begins.
685
Chalcedon is founded by Megarans
680
Epizephyrian Lokros is founded by
Opus
676
Pergamon is founded by Ionians
674
Karystus is occupied by Korinth
672
Abydos is settled by
Miletus
671 Melia is destroyed by Samos and
Priene , Samos builds
Fort Carium to replace it and Samos and Priene split Melia
670 Miletus is sieged by Lydia, Priene is annexed by Lydia, Samos annexes former Melian territory
669 or 668
Battle of Hysiae
668 Lydia abandons siege of Mietus
667
Byzantium is founded by Korinthians
665 The second Messenian war ends.
664 Corcyran Revolt and
First Sea Battle in ancient Greece between Corcyra and Korinthos
664
Akrai is founded and annexed by Syracuse
657
Cypselus subjects
Corinth to tyranny.
657 Founding of Lekas by Corinth
655
Akanthus and
Stageira are founded by
Androsi
654
Abdera is founded by
Klazomenaites
652 Ephesus and Priene are sacked by
Cimmerians
651 Levantine War ends, Chalcis wins and annexes Levantine Plain
650 The Pontic Pentapolis:
Apollonia ,
Callatis ,
Mesembria (Nessebar) ,
Odessos (Varna) , and
Tomis (Constanța) , all on the
Euxeinos Pontos .
650 Andros,
Kea and
Tenos gain independence from Eretria, Cypselus leaves Karystus
650 Syracuse annexes
Pantalica
648
Himera is founded by Zancleans
645 –560
Spartan wars with
Tegea all unsuccessful
643
Kasmenai is founded and annexed by Syracuse
637 –630 Drought on
Thera
633
Ambrakia founded by Tyrant
Gorgus and Korinthians
632
Cylon , Athenian noble, seizes
Acropolis and tries unsuccessfully to make himself king
631
Battus establishes a Greek colony in
Cyrene in
Libya .
630
Helorus is founded and annexed by Syracuse
630
Histria is established by
Milesian settlers in order to facilitate trade with the native
Getae .
630 Founding of
Tripolis by Samos
630 Formal
pederasty is introduced, first in Crete, as a means of population control and an educational modality.
628
Selinus is founded by Hyblaea Megarans
627
Epidamos is founded by Kerkyreans
627 Cypselus is succeeded by
Periander
625 Establishment of
Naucratis
621
Draco , Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws, with many crimes punishable by death.
621
Epidaurus is annexed by Korinth
619 Herbessus is annexed by Syracuse
616 Miletus is sieged by Lydia
615 Leontini is overthrown by Panaetius
612 Miletus is overthrown by
Thrasybulos
610
Panticapaeum (modern city
Kerch ) is founded by
Milesians
609 Panaetius is oust by Leontini
606 Gorgus is succeeded by
Periander
604 Lydia abandons the Siege of Miletus
603 Athenai annexes Sigeion
601 Miletus and Korinth become allies
600
Massalia founded by
Phocaean Greeks (approximate date).
[1]
600
Segesta is
Hellenized by Ionians
598
Akrillai is founded and annexed by Syracuse
598
Kamarina is founded and annexed by Syracuse
597
Delphi gains independence from
Kirrha
596
Paleopoli is founded by Samosi
595
Salamis is annexed by Athens
595 Start of the
First Sacred War
594 Kirrha is sieged by
Amphictyonic League
594
Solon , Athenian statesman, becomes
Archon pre-582 BC (cf. ML6 and
Plutarch Sol. 14)—later, when member of the
Areopagus is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in
Athens , which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from
Attica and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22–4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8).
592 Ephesus is sieged by Persia
590 Siege of
Ephesus is abandoned, Lydia annexes Smyrna and
Median -Lydian war starts
590 Muorica (Renamed
Modica ) is annexed by Syracuse
590
Sappho , Greek poet, flourishes on island of
Lesbos .
589 Klazomenai is sieged by Lydia
588
Poseidonia is founded by Sybaris
587 Siege of Klazomenai is abandoned by Lydia
586 Death of
Lycophron tyrant of Corcyra
586
Plataea gains independence from
Thebai
585
Kirrha is destroyed
585 Lydian-Median border set at
Halys River
585 The philosopher
Thales of
Miletus predicts a solar eclipse that occurs during the
Battle of Halys .
585 Periander is overthrown by
Psammetichus
585 End of the First Sacred War
583 Psammetichus is overthrown by Korinth
582
Akragas is founded by Gelans
582: First recorded
Pythian Games
581 Selinus attacks
Motya
581 Korinth join the
Peloponnesian League
580 Foundation of
Parthenope
580 Selinus is defeated by
Carthage and withdraws from Motya
580 Periander is overthrown by democrats in Ambrakia
580
Elis joins the Peloponnesian League
580
Lipari is founded by
Knidosi
578 Thrasybulos dies
575
Empúries , also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries [əmˈpuɾiəs], Spanish: Ampurias [amˈpuɾjas]), a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion).
572
Pisa and
Olympia are annexed by Elis
570 Akragas is overthrown by
Phalaris
570
Phocaeans from Massalia (modern day
Marseille ) founded the colony of
Monoikos (Monaco) .
[2]
569
Pythagoras is born.
565
Peisistratos , Athenian general, organizes
Diakrioi , party of poor people.
561
Peisistratos takes power in
Athens for first time.
560 Ephesus is besieged by Lydia
560 Phalaris annexes Himera
559 Ephesus is annexed by Lydia
559-550 Lydia annexes
Aeolis and Ionia
559
Achilleion is founded and annexed by Mytilene
557 Argos is overthrown by
Perilaus
556
Phlius is overthrown by
Leo
555 Helike (
Elche ) is established by Greeks from the Achaian city of Helice
555
Peisistratos driven out by Lycurgus who is commander of nobles.
555
Miltiades I unites
Thracian Chernessos under his rule
554 Phalaris is overthrown by Akragas and Himera gains independence
553 Kamarina declares independence from Syracuse
552 Kamarina is annexed by Syracuse
551 Telemachus overthrows Akragas
550
Minoa is founded by Selinus
550
Odessa
[3] is established by the
Greek city of
Histria .
550
Miltiades II is born
549
Peisistratos restored by help of
Megacles .
549
Boeotian League is founded
548
Lesbos sieges Sigeion
547 Athens repulses the Lesbans and Sigeion (Now ruled by Hegesistratos) becomes an Athenian vassal
546
Sparta annexes
Kynouria ,
Thyrea and
Kythera from
Argos
546
Croesus , rich king of
Lydia , captured at
Sardis by
Persians .
545 Miletus is overthrown by Molpagoras
545
Lygdamis becomes Tyrant of
Naxos
545 The
ancient Greek colony of
Hermonassa (
Krasnodar Krai ,
Russia ) is founded by
Ionians and
Cretans .
[4]
544
Abdera starts its Golden Age
543
Phanagoria , (
Krasnodar Krai ,
Russia ), is founded by
Teian colonists who had to flee
Asia Minor in consequence of their conflict with
Cyrus the Great .
542
Peisistratos expelled, makes fortune from
Thracian mines.
542 The colony of
Gorgippia (
Krasnodar Krai ,
Russia ) was built by
Pontic Greeks .
541 Telemachus is overthrown by
Alcamenes
540 Naxan vassalization of
Paros
540 Selinus is overthrown by
Theron
538 Sybaris conquers Siris
538 Samos is overthrown by
Polycrates
536 Samos annexes South
Mycale from Miletus
535 Perilaus dies
534 Athens starts extracting
tribute from
Ios
532 Croton is overthrown by
Cylonius
532
Peisistratos restored by
Thessaly and
Lygdamis of Naxos .
531
Ikaria is annexed by Samos
530
Emporion becomes a Carthaginian vassal
530
Maktorion is founded by exiled Gelans
530 Tegea joins the Peloponnesian League
529 Leo dies
528 Maktorion is abandoned and the settlers move to Gela
527
Peisistratos dies, succeeded by sons
Hippias and
Hipparchus .
527
Rineia and
Delos are annexed by Samos
526 Cylonius is overthrown by Kroton
525 Netum is annexed by Syracuse
525 The
ancient Greek city of Euesperides, (modern day
Benghazi ) is founded by people from
Cyrene
525 Persian
Cambyses II , son of
Cyrus the Great takes Egypt.
524 Samos annexes
Donousa
524 Lgydamis of Naxos is overthrown
523 Chalcedon is annexed by Persian Empire
522 Death of Polycrates of Samos and succession of
Maiandrios
521 Overthrow of Maiandros by Persian backed
Syloson
520 Peithagoras overthrows Theron
519 Plataea leaves the Boeotian League and is sieged by the latter
519 Miltiades is overthrown by Stesagoras
519 Abydos declares independence from Stesagoras and is led by the Persian Tyrant
Daphnis
518 Athens repulses the Boeotians from Plataea
517 Sybaris is overthrown by
Telys
516 Miltiades II an Athenian Tyrant succeeds Stesagoras and reincorporates Abydos
516 Cassaibile is annexed by Syracuse
515 Molpagoras is succeeded by
Histiaeos
515
Hippias becomes sole ruler after the death of
Hipparchus .
514 Tenedos, Lesbos and Abydos is annexed by Persian Empire
513 Miltiades II defects from Athens to Persia
513
Myrcinos is founded by Ionians
513 Persia annexes
Thrace (Region)
513
Cinyps, Libya , a failed Greek attempt to build a city under the leadership of
Dorieus .
[5]
512 Antandrus is annexed by Persian Empire
512 Persian vassalization of Naxos
511
Piraeus is founded and annexed by Athens
511 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Persian Empire
510 Kroton annexes Sybaris and overthrows Telys
510
Pythagoras establishes his own school.
510 Peithagoras is overthrown by
Euryleon
510 Minoa is renamed Heraclea Minoa
510 Cinyps is annexed by Carthage
508 Andros and Naxos are annexed by Persian Empire
508
Hippias is forced to leave Athens.
507 Plataea is sieged by Boeotian League
507
Cleisthenes , Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy.
506 Boeotian League is repulsed from Plataea by Athens
506 Cumae is overthrown by
Aristodemus
506 Alcamenes is overthrown by
Alcandros
506 The
Levantine Plain is conquered by Athens and becomes a
Cleurchy
505 Hegesistratos of Sigeion dies
505
Cleander overthrows Gela
504
Cleinias overthrows Croton
504 Taras
defeats the
Iapygians
503
Naxos declares independence from the Persian Empire
502 Euryleon is overthrown by Selinus
500
Pythagoras dies in Croton, Italy
500 Heraclea Minoa is sacked by Carthage
500
Morgantina and
Centuripe are hellenized and
Licodia is founded by Leontini
499 Miletus Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory)
499 Independence of Paros
499 Alcandros is overthrown by Akragas
499 Ionian Revolt starts
499 Éphesos, Klazomenai, Mílētos, Samos,
Myus ,
Chios , Samos, Mytilene,
Mylasa ,
Termera ,
Kyme and Priene declare independence from Persian Empire
498
Cyprus (Except
Amathos ),
Caria ,
Paesos , Abydos,
Cios ,
Percote ,
Lampsakos , Myrcinos, Tenedos,
Dardanos , and
Byzantium declare independence from Persian Empire
498 Amathos is sieged by Cyprus
498
Cleander is overthrown by
Hippocrates
498 Hippocrates vassalized Leontini and puts
Aenesidemus as tyrant
498 Licodia is annexed by Syracuse
497
Eion is sieged by Athens
497 Dardanos, Myrcinos, Abydos, Kyme, Klazomenai, Percote, Lampsakos, Cyprus, Cios and Paesos are reannexed by Persian Empire
497 Catania is vassalized by Hippocrates and Deinmenes is put in charge as tyrant
497 Persian Empire occupies all Carian land north of
Pedasos (Carian)
496 Byzantium is overthrown by Histiaeos
496 Myrcinos is reannexed by the Persian Empire
496 Athenian Tyrant Miltiades II annexes Thracian Chernessos
496 Naxos is vassalized by Hippocrates
495 Cleinias dies
494 Rhegium is overthrown by
Anaxilas
494 Zancle is vassalized by Hippocrates and
Scythes put in charge
494 Priene, Samos and Miletus are annexed by Persian Empire
493 Byzantium sieges Thasus
493 Ionian revolt crushed
493 Zancle is settled by Samian refugees and renamed Messene
493 Zancle is conquered by Rhegion
492 Kamarina (now rebuilt) and
Ergezio [
it ] are vassalized by Hippocrates
492 Abdera and Thracian Chernessos are annexed by the Persian Empire
491 Hippocrates is overthrown by
Gelon
491
Fort Scyllaeum is founded by Rhegion
490 Aristodemus dies
490 Persian conquest of
Rhodes
490 Persian Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory)
490 Persian conquest of Paros
490 Persian sacking of
Eretria
490
Themistocles and
Miltiades , Athenians, defeat
Darius at
Marathon ,
Phidippides runs with news.
490 Taras defeats the Iapygians in battle
488 Akragas is overthrown by
Theron
486 Himera is overthrown by
Terillus
485 Gelon annexes Syracuse (Except Kamarina and Licodia), Gela is given to
Hieron
484 Kamarina is destroyed by Gelon
484
Aeschylus , Athenian playwright wins his first victory at the
City Dionysia .
483 Megara Hyblaea and Licodia are destroyed by Gelon
483 Theron puts his son
Thrasydaeus in charge of Himera as his vassal
481 Andros,
Aegina and Akanthus among many other Greek
Poleis declare allegiance to Persia
481 The Naxos,
Milos , Sparta, Athens, Korinth,
Kythnos and many other Greek Poleis form the
Hellenic League to fight against the Persian Empire
Classical Greece (480–323 BC)
480 Aegina and Andros are impressed into the Hellenic League
480
Emporion ousts Carthaginian influences
480
Leonidas ,
Spartan , sacrifices 300 Spartan soldiers at the
Battle of Thermopylae so main force can escape;
Xerxes son of Darius is commanding the Persians.
480 Croton, Leucas and Corcyra joins the Hellenic League
480 Simultaneous with Thermopylae, the Greeks and Persians fight to a draw in the naval
Battle of Artemisium .
480 Boeotia,
Attica and
Phocis are occupied by Persia
480
Battle of Salamis :
Themistocles , Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of
Salamis , Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind
Mardonius .
480 Possibly simultaneous with the Battle of Salamis,
Battle of Himera between Carthage and Akragas (Theron)-Syracuse (Gelon)-Himera (Thrasydaeus)
479
Pausanias , Greek general routs
Mardonius at the
Battle of Plataea .
479
Battle of Mycale
479 Rhodes, Samos, Kos and many Greek cities in Persia begin to declare independence
479 Paros is vassalized by Athens
479 Athens annexes
Tenedos
479
Sestos is besieged by Athens
479 Boeotian League is dissolved by Hellenic League
479
Sicel
Ducetius overthrows
Miniu
478
Byzantium is besieged by Athens
478
Delian League is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia,
Delos ,
Kos , Euboea,
Tilos , Rhodes,
Karpathos , Athenai, Paros, Troezen,
Sifnos , Doris, Aeolis, Andros,
Aenea , Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others
478 Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron,
Polyzelos is put in control of Gela
477 The Persian Empire abandons
Europe except
Doriskus and
Eion
477 Chalcedon, Byzantium, Carystus,
Ainos , Perinthos and others join the Delian League
477 Andros is turned into an Athenian
cleurchy
476
Micythus becomes Tyrant of Rhegion after Anaxilas' death
476 Catania is split between Hieron and Ducetius, Catania is renamed
Aetna , settled by Dorians and ruled by the Tyrant
Deinmenes II
476 Taras allies with Rhegion to protect themselves from the Iapygians, but later lose to them in battle
476 Himera is settled by
Doric colonists
476 Sybaris declares independence from Kroton
476–462
Cimon elected general each year
475 Sybaris is annexed by Kroton
475 Abdera and Eion join the Delian League
475
Skyros is annexed by Athens
474
Battle of Cumae
474 Naxos joins the Delian League
474 Hieron occupies the
Parthenopean Islands
474
Pindar , Greek poet relocates to
Thebes (in Greece) from court at
Syracuse .
473 Taras is defeated by the Iapygians
472 Thrasydaeus annexes Akragas after death of Theron
471 Naxos leaves the Delian League and is subsequently sieged by Athens
471
Themistocles
ostracized .
470
Dénia , Hēmeroskopeion (
Ancient Greek : Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον ) is founded by
Massaliot Greeks .
[6]
[7]
[8] The town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium (
Ancient Greek : Ἀρτεμίσιον ) or Dianium
[9] (
Ancient Greek : Διάνιον ), named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess
Artemis was called Diana in Latin).
470 Naxos is impressed into the Delian League
470 Ducetius annexes Ergezio
470 The new urban zone of
Neápolis (Νεάπολις ) was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of
Cumae on the plain of
Parthenope after the victorious
Battle of Cumae
469
Illios is annexed by Mytilene
469 Klazomenai, Phaselis, Aspendos, Doris and Priene join the Delian League
468 Thrasydaeus is overthrown by Akragas
468
Sophocles , Greek playwright, defeats
Aeschylus for Athenian Prize for drama.
467 Micythus steps down to
Leophron
466 Taras is defeated by the Iapygians
466 Taras' monarchy is overthrown by democrats
466
Thrasybulos succeeds Hieron
465
Thasus leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens
465 Abydos and Troad join the Delian League
465 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Athens
465 Deinmenes II, Aenesidemus, Thrasybulos and Polyzelos are overthrown by their respective cities
463 Thasus is impressed into the Delian League
462 Megara leaves the Peloponnesian League
461 Catania, Naxos and Catania declare independence from Syracuse, Dorian settlers are removed from Catania
461 Kamarina is refounded under the Tyranny of
Psaumis
461
Cimon ostracized.
461 Thera joins the Peloponnesian League
461 Messene and Rhegion separate and oust Leophron
460 Taras defeats the Iapygians
460 Aetna is founded
460
First Peloponnesian War Starts
459 Aegina is besieged by Athens
459:
Morgantina is annexed by Ducetius
459-455
Siege of Memphis , destruction of the Athenian fleet by
Megabyzus
458 Imbros is annexed by Athens
457 Aegina is impressed into the Delian League
457 Delphi is annexed by Phocis
457
Pericles , Athenian statesman begins
Golden Age , he was taught by
Anaxagoras , who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms.
457 Boeotia (Except Thebes), Phocis and Locris join the Delian League
456 Gythium is raided by Athens
456
Zakynthos joins the Delian League
456
Castrugiuvanni (Enna) join Ducetius
456
Aeschylus dies.
455
Nafpaktos is impressed into the Delian League and settled with Messenian
Helots
454
Abacaenum is annexed by Ducetius
454 Movement of Delian treasury to Athens and start of the First Athenian Empire
454 Athenian annexation of Delos
453
Palike is founded by Ducetius
452 Akragas and Aetna are annexed by Ducetius, Ducetius sieges Motyon
452
Nea Sybaris is founded by Sybarites
451 Athens besieges
Kition
451
Motyon is occupied by Ducetius
450 Naxos becomes a cleurchy
450 Akragas and Motyon are liberated from Ducetius starting a decades long conflict between Syracuse+friends and the Sicels
449 Delphi declares independence from Phocis
449 Ducetius abandons the
Sicel Federation he created and is forced to go into exile at Korinth
449 Morgantina is annexed Syracuse
449
Herodotus , Greek Historian, writes
History of Greco-Persian War from 490 to 479.
448 Delphi is annexed by Phocis
447
Ictinus and
Callicrates , Greek architects, begin construction of the
Parthenon .
447 Nea Sybaris is annexed by Kroton
447 Chalcis leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens
446 Phocis, Locris and Boeotia leave the Delian League, Boeotia unites into the Boeotian League and joins the Peloponnesian League
446 Megara joins the Peloponnesian League
446
Kale Akte is founded by Ducetius
446
Achaea and
Trozen leave the Peloponnesian League and join the Delian League
446-445 Euboean Revolt
445 Euboea is impressed into the Delian League
445
Histiaea becomes an Athenian cleurchy
445 First Peloponnesian War Ends
445 Troezen is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
443 Thurii is founded by Sybarites and Various
Hellenes
441
Euripides , Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.
441
Sybaris on the Traeis is founded by Sybarites exiled from Thurii
440 Samos leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens
440 Palike is destroyed, ending the Sicel Federation
440 Ducetius dies
439 Samos is impressed into the Delian League
438 Founding of the
Bosporan Kingdom
[10]
437 Newly founded
Amphipolis annexes Eion
437 Athens allies with
Messapia
436
Taulantii -Epidamos War
435
Phidias , Greek sculptor, completes statue of Zeus at Elis, 1 of 7 wonders of the world.
434 Epidamos becomes a democracy
434 Epidamos is annexed by Korinth
434 Kerkyra allies with Taulantii and besiege Epidamos
434 Kerkyra seizes Outer Epidamos (City)
434
Battle of Leukimme
434 Kerkyra raids
Kyllene
434 Kerkyra joins Delian League
433
Battle of Sybota
433
Anactorium is annexed by Korinth
432 Psaumis dies
432 Potidaea leaves the Delian League and is
sieged by Athens
432
Pydna is besieged by Athens
432 End of "Golden Age" of Athens
431
Sparta commanded by King
Archidamus II prepares to destroy
Athens thus starting the
Peloponnesian War .
431 Plataea is besieged by Thebes
431
Pagae and
Atalanta is occupied by Athens
431 Aegina is annexed by Athens
431
Empedocles , Greek doctor, believes body has
Four Temperaments .
430 Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna
430
Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League
430 Spartan Siege of Zakynthos (Local Victory)
430 Failed peace mission by
Athens ,
bubonic plague year,
Sparta takes no prisoners.
430
Leucippus , Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause. Athenian Plague begins in Athens.
429 Herakleion is annexed by
Macedonia
429 Potidaea is impressed into the Delian League
429 All Chalkidiki cities (Except Mende, Acanthus, Scione, Stagirus and Aphytis) leave the Delian League
429 Athens Siege of
Kydonia (Local Victory)
429
Phormio , Athenian admiral, wins the
Battle of Chalcis/Rhium .
429
Pericles dies of Athenian Plague, possibly
typhus or
bubonic plague .
429
Hippocrates , Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause.
429 First Battle of Naupaktos (Athenian Victory)
428
Plato born.
428 Mytilene and
Antissa leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna
428 Illios joins the Delian League
427 Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities
427
Archidamus II dies,
Alcidas , Greek admiral sent to help
Lesbos , raids
Ionia and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.
427 Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League
427
Aristophanes , Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize.
427 Corcyran Civil War (Democratic Victory)
427
First Athenian Intervention in Sicily begins
426 Megara occupies Pegae
426 Athens sieges Lecus
426 Pylos, Messene, Mylae,
Aegitium and
Tichium are occupied by Athens, Pylos is founded by escaped
Helots
426
Battle of Tanagra
426 Amfissa joins the Peloponnesian League
426
Ozolian Locris join the Delian League
426
Demosthenes , Athenian general, and
Cleon , Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by
Nicias , his first military campaign barely succeeds.
426 Ambrakia occupies
Olpae and
Argos
426
Acarnanian League and
Amphilochian League are founded and join the Delian League
425 Acarnania occupies Olpae and Argos
425 Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at
Navarino Bay ,
Nicias resigns.
425 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League
425 Athens occupies
Sphacteria
425 Morgantina is annexed by Kamarina
425 Ozolian Locris joins the Peloponnesian League
425 Athens withdraws from Lecas and
Acarnania
425 Athens withdraws from Messene and Mylae is impressed into the Delian League
424 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia
424 Eion, Akanthus and Amphipolis are besieged by Sparta
424 Stagira joins the Peloponnesian League
424 Nisaia, and
Siphae are occupied by Athenai
424 Thyrea is occupied by Athens
424 First Athenian Intervention in Sicily ends
424
Pagondas of Thebes (in Greece) crushes Athenian army at the
Battle of Delium ,
Brasidas a Spartan general, has a successful campaign in the
Chalcidice , Cleon exiles
Thucydides for 20 years for arriving late.
423 Sparta occupied Amphipolis and Scione
423 Torone is occupied by Makedonia
423 Akanthus joins the Peloponnesian League
423
Truce of Laches supposed to stop Brasidas but doesn't, Nicias commands Athenian forces in retaking
Mende .
423 Olynthus form the
Chalcidian League independent of the Delian League
422 Stagira is besieged by Athens
422 Neapolis is annexed by Rome
422 Torone and Scione are impressed into the Delian League
422 Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed (
Battle of Amphipolis ).
422 Syracuse annexes the now weak Leontini
421
Peace of Nicias brings temporary end to war, but
Alcibiades , a nephew of
Pericles , makes anti-Sparta alliance.
421 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League
421 Cumae is annexed by
Oscans
421 Athens abandons the Siege of Stagira
421 Delphi declares independence from Phocis
421 Argulus,
Apollonia , Potidaea, Akanthus, Stageira and others join the Chalcidian League
420
Mantineia , Argos,
Elis ,
Sicyon and Achaea betray Sparta and switch to the Delian League
419 Athens occupies Epidauros
419 King
Agis II of Sparta attacks Argos, makes treaty.
418
Battle of Mantinea , greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argos, which violated treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance ended.
418 Orchmenos is occupied by Argos
417 Orchmenos is given to Boeotia
417 Sicyon joins the Peloponnesian League
417 Epidauros is occupied by Sparta
416
Melos is besieged by Athens
416 Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power.
416 Selinus annexes Segesta's frontier provinces
416
Massacre of the Melians .
415
Hermai statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle (
Sicilian Expedition ), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to
Sparta .
415 Many Syracusan cities rebel
415–413
Siege of Syracuse
414-413 Metapontion allies with Athens
414
Lamachus , Athenian commander killed at Syracuse.
413 Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse
413 Leontini and Kamarina are vassalized by Syracuse
413 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia
413 Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
412 Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens.
412 Methymna is occupied by Sparta
412 Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
412 Chios is sieged by Athens
412
Aygrion dies and is succeeded by
Aygris
411 Sparta allies with Persia
411 Aspendos is annexed by Persia
411 Kyzikus and Klazomenai are impressed into the Delian League
411
Oropos is occupied by Boeotia
411 Illios is annexes by
Lampsacus
411 Athens abandons the Siege of Chios
411 Sparta leaves Methymna
411 Euboea, Byzantium, Abydos, Andros, Antandrus, Lampsacus, Chalcedon and Rodos betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
411 Abydos is overthrown by Dercylidas
411 Selinus attacks Segesta once again and aggravates Carthage
411 Athens is overthrown by the
Four Hundred
410 After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon rejects Spartan peace offers.
410 Segesta is annexed by Carthage
410 Four Hundred are overthrown by Athens
409 Antandrus is annexed by Persia
409 Abydos is besieged by Athens
409 Sparta sieges Klazomenai
409 Selinus and Himera are sacked by Carthage
409 Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens.
408 The 3 poleis of
Rodos unite and build a new capital called Rodos
408 Athens besieges Paleopoli
408 Athens abandons Siege of Abydos
408 Sparta abandons the Siege of Klazomenai
408 Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, has fleet built at Ephesus.
407 Thermae is founded by Carthage
407 Athens abandons the Siege of Paleopoli
407 Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power.
406 Sparta sieges Methymna
406 Akragas is sacked by Carthage
406
Callicratides , Spartan naval commander, loses
Battle of Arginusae over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon.
405 Methymna is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
405 Syracuse is overthrown by
Dionysius the Elder
405 Melos is annexed by Sparta
405 Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage
405 Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities
405 Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse
405 Carthage annexes
Elymi , Sicel and
Sican territory
405 The naval Battle of
Aegospotami in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king
Pausanias besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.
405 Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence
404 Athens capitulates April 25.
Theramenes secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.
404 Delian League is dissolved
404 Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League
404
Entella is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage
404 Aygris becomes a Syracusan Subject
404 Nafpaktos is annexed by Ozolian Locris
404 Athens is overthrown by the
Thirty
404 Athens joins the Peloponnesian League
403 Aeimnestus, who is loyal to Dionysius, overthrows Castrugiuvanni
403 Aetna is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
403 Dionysius destroys Naxos and Catania and Sicels split Naxos with Syracuse, Catania is ruled by Campanian mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
403 Athens overthrows the Thirty
403 Athens leaves the Peloponnesian League and refounds the Delian League
402 Elis leaves the Peloponnesian League and is subsequently sieged by Sparta
401 Euboea joins the Delian League
401 Elis is sacked and impressed into the Peloponnesian League
401 Dionysius free Castrugiuvanni from Aeimnestus
401 Poseidonia is annexed by
Lucanians
401 Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of "
Golden Age of Pericles " and Peloponnesian War at his death (
History of the Peloponnesian War ).
400
Adranon is founded by Dionysius
400 Aygris annexes Centuripe
400
Democritus , Greek philosopher, develops
Atomic theory , believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing
399 Illios declares independence from Lampsacus
399 Sparta sways Persian Controlled Greek cities near
Pergamon to their side and march on
Egyptian Larissa and siege it
399
Socrates , Greek philosopher, condemned to death for corrupting youth.
398 Ionia joins the Peloponnesian League
398 All Carthaginian subjects (Except
Ziz , their islands,
Motya ,
Solus , Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence from Carthage
398 Dionysius sieges Segesta and Entella
398 Mainland territory of Motya is occupied by Dionysius
397 Motya is destroyed by Dionysius and the Carthaginians build
Lilybaion to replace it
397 Dionysius abandons the Sieges of Entella and Segesta
397 Eryx, Segesta, Lipari, Messene and Entella are annexed by Carthage
397 Carthage allies with the Sicel cities except
Assorus
397
Tauormenion is founded by Carthage to be a supply base, settled by Sicels
397 Carthaginian forces have to go the long way around
Mount Etna due to an eruption
397 Catania is occupied by Carthage
397
Battle of Catania
397 Syracuse is besieged by Carthage
396 Carthage lifts the
Siege of Syracuse and abandons Eastern Sicily except Messene and Lipari
396 Himera and Selinus are annexed by Carthage
396 Gela, Ergezio, Catania, Adranon, Kamarina and Leontini are annexed by Dionysius
396
Tyndaris is founded by Dionysius to combat piracy and a base of operations
396 Persia annexes Rodos
396 Sparta campaigns in
Phrygia
395 Sparta campaigns in Ionia,
Caria and march up to
Sardis
395 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League
395
Cephaloedium is annexed by Dionysius
395 Mylae is annexed by Rhegion
395 Argos, Korinthos and Boeotian League leave the Peloponnesian League
394 Sparta withdraws from
Anatolia
394 All Thracian and Anatolian Greek cities leave the Peloponnesian League (Except Sestos and Abydos)
394 Virtually all Greek Anatolian cities are annexed by Persia
394 Klazomenaites relocate to an island off shore
394 Mylae is annexed by Syracuse
393 Lipari is annexed by Syracuse
393
Italiote League is formed by Sybaris on the Traeis, Croton,
Caulonia , Thurii, Rhegium and
Velia
393 Imbros, Lemnos and Skyros are annexed by Athens
393 Makedonia starts paying tribute to the newly formed
Kingdom of Dardania
393 Chalcidian League annexes some Makedonian land
392 Sparta occupies
Lechaeum
392 Heraclea Minoa, Akragas and Sicani territory are annexed by Carthage
392 Sicel territory is annexed by Dionysius
392 Makedonia stops paying tribute to Dardania
392 Makedonia reannexes the land taken by the Chalcidian League
392
Damastion is annexed by Dardania
391 Korinth occupies
Phlius
391 Tauromenion is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
391 Makedonia starts pays tribute to Dardania
390 The
Acarnanian League joins the Peloponnesian League
390 Dercylidas is succeeded by
Anaxibios
390 Himera is merged into Thermae
390 Dionysius transfers control of Mylae to Messene
390 Kroton is annexed by Syracuse
390 Argos and Korinth unite into
Argos-Korinth
390 Castrugiuvani is annexed by Syracuse
389 Metapontion is annexed by Syracuse
389 Anaxibios is overthrown by Abydos
387 Rhegion is annexed by Syracuse and renamed it to Phoebea
387
Peace of Antalcidas concluded between the Greeks and the Persians that leads to virtually all Greek cities in Asia Minor being annexed by Persia
387
Ancona is founded by
Greek settlers from
Syracuse , who gave it its name: Ancona stems from the Greek word Ἀγκών (Ankòn), meaning "elbow"
387 Argos and Korinth split
387 All cities gain independence and all league except the Peloponnesian League are disbanded
386 Phlius becomes a democracy
385 Dardania attacks
Molossia
385 The
Greeks colonized the island of Pharos (
Hvar, Croatia ).
[11]
384 Dionysius occupies Pyrgi and Caere
384 Chalcidian League annexes Makedonia land including
Pella
383 Gela gains independence from Syracuse
383 Dionysius leaves
Eturia
383
Liburnia besieges Pharos
383 Potidaea leaves the Chalcidian League
382 Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias
382 Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
380 Sparta besieges Phlius
380 Makedonia recaptures their former territory
379 Kroton is annexed by Dionysius
379 Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
379 The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league
379 Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League
379 Sparta occupies
Thespiae
378
Themison overthrows Eretria
377 The Boeotian League is refounded by Thebes
376 Abdera is sacked by the
Triballi and
Maroneia
376 Thespiae and the rest of Boeotia are liberated and join the Boeotian League
375 The Acarnanian League defects from the Peloponnesian League and joins the Delian League
375 Chalcidian League is reestablished by Olynthus and joins the Delian League
373 Kerkyra is besieged by Sparta
371 Sparta leaves Kerkyra
370 Gythium is occupied by Thebes
370
Heraclea Sintica is founded by Makedonia
369 Korinth is overthrown by
Timophanes
368
Aetolian League is founded
367
Daparria is annexed by Dardania
367 Kroton is annexed by
Bruttian League
366
Opus declares independence from Athens with the help of Themison
365 Opus requests Thebes to protect them from Athens and sends a garrison. Opus is impressed into the Boeotian League
364 Timophanes is assassinated
364 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League and is subsequently sieged by Thebes
363 Orchmenus is impressed into the Boeotian League
363 Pydna is impressed into the Delian League
362 Themison dies and is succeeded by
Plutarch
361 Potidaea and Torone are impressed into the Delian League and become Athenian Cluerchies
360 Tauromenion overthrows the mercenaries and falls under the tyranny of Andromache
360 Illios is overthrown by
Charidemos
360 Abydos is overthrown by
Iphiades
359 Charidemos is overthrown by Illios
359 Dardania annexes
Lake Ohrid and
Upper Macedonia
359
Archelaus annexes
Methone ,
Aegae and Pydna
358 Archelaus is annexed by Makedonia
358 Macedonia reannexes Lake Ohrid,
Lynkestis and Upper Macedonia from Dardania
358 Makedonia annexes
Paeonia
357
Social War Starts
357
Kos , Khios, Rodos and Byzantium leave the Delian League
357 Makedonia annexes Pydna and Amphipolis
357 Dionysius II is overthrown by
Dion
356 Phocis annexes Delphi
356 Locris is annexed by Dionysius II
356 Lemnos, Samos and Imbros is occupied by Chios and leave the Delian League
356 Makedonia annexes
Crenides , renames it
Philippi and settles it with Makedonians
356 Makedonian border set on
Nestus river
356 Potidaea and
Anthemus are annexed by Chalcidian League
356 Makedonia besieges Methone
356 Lokros is overthrown by Dionysius II
355 Social War Ends
355
Argolas is besieged by Phocis
355 Dion is overthrown by
Callipus
354 Methone and Abdera are annexed by Makedonia
354 Phocis abandons the Siege of Argolas
354
Thessaly is vassalized by Phocis
353 Catania is annexed by Callipus
353 Makedonia occupied Pagasae
353 Thessaly is vassalized by Makedonia
352 Callipus is overthrown by
Hipparinos (Callipus keeps Catania)
352 Nicodemus overthrows Centuripe
352 Orchmenus and
Chaeronea are occupied by Phocis
351 Rhegion is annexed by Callipus
350
Akanthos is annexed by Makedonia
350
Nice (Nicaea) is founded by the
Greeks of Massalia (
Marseille ), and was given the name of Nikaia (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring
Ligurians ;
Nike (Νίκη) was the
Greek goddess of victory.
350 Hipparinos is overthrown by Aretaeus
350
Mamercus ousts Callippus from Catania
349 Plutarch is expelled from Eretria
349 Aretaeus is overthrown by
Nysaios
348 Stagira is annexed by Makedonia
348 Callipus is overthrown by
Leptines
347 Leontini is overthrown by
Hicetas
347
Plato , Greek philosopher, founder of
Academy , dies.
347 Methymna is overthrown by
Kleommis
346 Phocis withdraws from Boeotia
346 Dionysius II leaves Locris and overthrows Nysaios
346
Lyttos is besieged by
Knossos
346 Makedonia occupies Thermopylae and
Antikyra , Nicaea is occupied by Thessaly
345 Makedonia withdraws from Thermopylae and Antikyra
345
Grabaei becomes a vassal of Macedonia
345 Hicetas sieges Syracuse and seizes Syracuse's territory
345 The Pro-Makedonian Tyrant
Hipparchus overthrows Eretria
345 Mainland
Syracuse (City) is occupied by Hicetas leaving only the citadel in Dionysius' control
344 Macedonia occupies Illios and annexes Tenedos
344 Siege of Lyttos lifted by Knossos
344 Knossos besieges
Kydonia
344 Hicetas is repulsed by
Timoleon from Syracuse
344 Timoleon takes control of all Syracusan forces outside the citadel
343 Messene is rebuilt by Timoelon, Adranon is freed from mercenary control, Nicodemus is overthrown by Centuripe with help of Timoleon
343 Timoleon annexes the citadel
343 Siege of Kydonia is lifted by Knossos
342 Rhegion is freed by Timoleon
342
Aristotle ,
Greek philosopher , begins teaching Alexander, son of
Philip of Macedon .
341 Hipparchus is overthrown by Athenian forces and impressed into the Delian league
341 Samothrace is annexed by Makedonia
340 Antipolis (modern day
Antibes ) is founded by Phocaean Greeks from
Massilia .
[12]
340 Skyros is annexed by Makedonia
340 Entella is freed by Timoleon
339
Elateia is occupied by Makedonia
339 Agyris and Aetna are freed by Timoleon
339 Nicaea is occupied by Boeotia
338 Amphissa is annexed by Delphi
338 Thyrea is annexed by Argos
338 Mamercus dies
338 Cumae is annexed by
Rome
338 Leontini is freed by Timoleon
338 Nafpaktos joins the Aetolian League
338 King Philip II of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at
Battle of Chaeronea August 2 and establishes
League of Corinth during winter of 338 BC/337 BC.
337 Amfissa declares independence from Delphi
336 Timoleon dies
336
Lesbos is annexed by Makedonia
336
Alexander succeeds father Philip II, who was assassinated by
Pausanias of Orestis .
334 Andromache dies and his city is annexed by Syracuse
334
Battle of the Granicus
333
Saminum is occupied by
Epirus
333 Alexander defeats Persians at
Battle of Issus , but
Darius III escapes.
332
Epirus occupies
Heraclea ,
Metapontium , Southern
Lucania ,
Daunia ,
Paestum ,
Terina and
Sipontum
332
Siege of Tyre
332
Siege of Gaza
332 Alexander conquers
Egypt .
332
Alexandria is founded by
Alexander the Great
331
Epirus occupies Cosentia
331
Battle of Pandosia
331
Gerasa (
Jordan ) is founded by Makedonian veterans
331 at
Battle of Gaugamela October 1, Alexander ends
Achaemenid Dynasty and conquers
Persian Empire .
331
Alexander the Great enters in
Babylon
331 Tauromenion is freed by Carthage
331
Battle of the Uxian Defile (East of
Susa ,
Iran )
330 Sparta joins the
League of Corinth
330
Battle of the Persian Gate , destruction of
Persepolis (modern
Iran )
330-325
Pytheas makes the earliest
Greek voyage to
Great Britain and the
Arctic Circle for which there is a record.
329
Siege of Cyropolis
329
Battle of Jaxartes
329 Alexander conquers
Samarkand ,
Uzbekistan
329
Alexander the Great founds
Alexandria Eschate in modern
Tajikistan
329-160
Dayuan Kingdom .
[13]
328 Sybaris on the Traeis is annexed by Bruttian League
327 Oenidae is impressed into the Aetolian League
327 Under the command of
Alexander the Great the forces of the
Hellenic League captures the fortress of the
Sogdian Rock .
Sogdiana and the
Kabul region came under Hellenic control
327 Alexander invades
northern India , but his army is despondent and refuses to march further eastwards.
326
Battle of the Hydaspes
326 Samos joins the Delian League
326
Alexandria Bucephalous (located on the
Hydaspes river,
Pakistan ) is founded by
Alexander the Great in memory of his beloved horse
Bucephalus
325
Nearchus serving under
Alexander the Great discovers
Tylos (the name used by the Greeks to refer to
Bahrain ).
[14]
324 Kroton is overthrown by
Menedemus
324
Charax Spasinu , one of
Alexander's last cities before his death, is established at the head of the
Persian Gulf (modern
Iran ) replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.
[15]
Hellenistic Greece (323–30 BC)
323 King Alexander dies, his generals vie for power in
Wars of the Diadochi
322 –
320 First War of the Diadochi.
320
Partition of Triparadisus
320 –
311
Second War of the Diadochi
316
Menander , Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.
312 –
63
Seleucid Empire
310
Zeno of Citium founds his
stoic school in Athens.
310
Battle of White Tunis (near modern
Tunis ,
Tunisia )
307
Epicurus founds his philosophic school in Athens.
305 –
30
Ptolemaic Kingdom
305
Seleucia , also known as Seleucia-on-Tigris or Seleucia on the Tigris (modern
Iraq ) is founded by
Seleucus I Nicator
301
Battle of Ipsus
300
Antioch , is founded by
Seleucus I Nicator in honor of his father
Antiochus
300
Euclid , Greek mathematician, publishes
Elements , treating both geometry and number theory (see also
Euclidean algorithm ).
295
Athens falls to
Demetrius ,
Lachares killed.
282 –
133
Kingdom of Pergamon
281 Creation of the
Achaean League
280 The
Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) is founded (modern day
Split ).
280 –
275
Pyrrhic War
279
Gallic invasion of the Balkans
274 –
271
First Syrian War
267 –
262
Chremonidean War
265
Archimedes , Greek mathematician, develops
Archimedes' screw ,
specific gravity ,
center of gravity ; anticipates discoveries of integral calculus.
260 –
253
Second Syrian War
256 –
125
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
246 –
241
Third Syrian War
235
Tanais (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) is founded by merchant adventurers from
Miletus
220
Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrians led expeditions as far as
Kashgar and
Ürümqi in
Xinjiang , leading to the first known contacts between China and the West.
[16]
219 –
217
Fourth Syrian War
214 –
205
First Macedonian War
203 –
200
Fifth Syrian War
200 –
196
Second Macedonian War
192 –
188
Roman–Syrian War
180 –
10 AD
Indo-Greek Kingdom
172 –
167
Third Macedonian War
170 –
168
Sixth Syrian War
155 BC Attack of the Indo-Greeks on
Pataliputra ,
[17] a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to
Megasthenes ,
[18] who describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls.
[19]
150 BC King
Attalus II of
Pergamon founds the city of Attaleia or
Antalya in his honour.
150 –
148
Fourth Macedonian War
146
Battle of Corinth
30 Death of Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra
See also
References
^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1157,
OL
6112221M
^ P. Christiaan Klieger (29 November 2012).
The Microstates of Europe: Designer Nations in a Post-Modern World . Lexington Books. pp. 165–.
ISBN
978-0-7391-7427-2 .
^ Kalinin, Igor.
"Одесские достопримечательности — раскопки греческого поселения" . odessaguide.net .
^ M.J. Traister and T.V. Shelov-Kovedyayev,
“An inscribed conical clay object from Hermonassa”
^
"Wadi Caam: The Greeks in Tripolitania!" . Temehu. Retrieved 10 May 2012 .
^ Spann, P., R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies.
"Places: 265880 (Dianium/Hemeroskopeion)" . Pleiades. Retrieved July 31, 2012 . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Strabo, Geography, translated by H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A., Ed. (1903)
Strab. 3.4.6
^ Greek text: Strabo. ed. A. Meineke, Geographica. Leipzig: Teubner. (1877)
Strab. 3.4.6
^ Smith, William (1852).
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Abacaenum – Hytanis) . Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown. pp.
773 .
^ Hind, John. "The Bosporan Kingdom". In Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, J.; Hornblower, S.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History . Vol. VI – The 4th Century BC. Cambridge: CUP. pp. 476–511.
^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,
ISBN
0-631-19807-5 , page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."
^ Freely, John, The western shores of Turkey: discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts , p.
91
^ It is mentioned in the accounts of the famous Chinese
explorer
Zhang Qian in 130 BC and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as city state relating to the
Ferghana Valley , and its Greek city
Alexandria Eschate (modern
Khujand ,
Tajikistan )
^ Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society By Curtis E. Larsen p. 50
^
Jona Lendering ,
Charax at Livius.org
^ The Greek historian
Strabo too writes that: "they extended their empire even as far as the
Seres (Chinese) and the
Phryni ". (
Strabo , XI.XI.I)
^ "The advance of the Greek to Pataliputra is recorded from the Indian side in the Yuga-purana", Tarn, p.145
^ "The greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians
... Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates." Arr. Ind. 10. "Of Pataliputra and the Manners of the Indians.", quoting Megasthenes
Text
Archived December 10, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
^ "The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, The Indo-Greeks , p. 112.