The Timanide Orogen (
Russian: Ороген Протоуралид-Тиманид, literally: "Protouralian–Timanide Orogen") is a
pre-Uralianorogen that formed in northeastern[note 1]Baltica during the
Neoproterozoic in the Timanide orogeny.[note 2] The orogen is about 3000 km long. Its extreme points include the southern
Urals in the south and the
Polar Urals, the
Kanin and
Varanger peninsulas in the north. The
Timan Ridge is the
type area of the orogen.[1] To the west, at the Varanger Peninsula, the north-west oriented Timanide Orogen is truncated by the younger
Scandinavian Caledonide Orogen that has an oblique disposition.[3] The northeastern parts of the orogen are made up of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, granitoids and few
ophiolites. In contrast the southwestern part of the orogen is made up mostly of
sedimentary rocks.
I and A typegranitoids and
volcanic rocks are common in the orogen.[4]
From the Late Neoproterozoic o the
Middle Cambrian the Timanide Orogen was associated to a
subduction zone that existed to the northeast of it. Most studies interpret subduction as going inward (subducted
plate moving southwest) albeit one suggest the opposite (subducted plate moving to the northeast).[4]
In the Cambrian the Timanide Orogen is believed to have developed in a
continental collision context as Baltica and
Arctida collided between 528 and 510 million years ago.[5] Some researchers do however dissent from this view suggesting there was never such a collision.[6]
The first geologists to study the orogen where
Wilhelm Ramsay and
Feodosy Tschernyschev who published works in 1899 and 1901 respectively.
Hans Reusch compiled the existing knowledge on the orogen in 1900.[2]
Note
^All coordinates in this article are in relation to present-day geography and not to the past disposition of continents,
terranes and oceans.
^Another name for the orogen is "Baikalides" which is a name that has been used in wider sense to refer chiefly to orogens south of the
Siberian Craton.[1] Among Russian scientists the term "Baikalian", coined in 1935 by
Schatsky, was for long time the most common term for the orogen until the 1990s.[2]
References
^
abGee, D.G.; Pease, V. (2004). "The Neoproterozoic Timanide Ororgen of eastern Baltica: introduction". In Gee, D.G.; Pease, V. (eds.). The Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen of Eastern Baltica. Geological Society, London, Memoirs. pp.
1–3.
^
abRoberts, D.; Olovyanishnikov, V. (2004). "Structural and tectonic development of the Timanide orogen". In Gee, D.G.; Pease, V. (eds.). The Neoproterozoic Timanide Ororgen of Eastern Baltica. Geological Society, London, Memoirs. pp. 47–57.