"The Wind That Shakes the Barley" is an Irish ballad written by
Robert Dwyer Joyce (1836–1883), a
Limerick-born poet and professor of English literature. The song is written from the perspective of a doomed young
Wexford rebel who is about to sacrifice his relationship with his loved one and plunge into the cauldron of violence associated with the
1798 rebellion in
Ireland.[1] The references to
barley in the song derive from the fact that the rebels frequently carried barley or oats in their pockets as provisions for when on the march. This gave rise to the post-rebellion phenomenon of barley growing and marking the "
croppy-holes," unmarked
mass graves into which rebel casualties were thrown. To many
Irish nationalists, these "croppy-holes" symbolised the regenerative nature of resistance to
British rule in Ireland. Barley growing every spring was said by nationalist authors to symbolize continuous Irish resistance to British rule, particularly in nationalist literature and poetry written about the rebellion.[2]
The song is no. 2994 in the
Roud Folk Song Index, having existed in different forms in the oral tradition since its composition. Traditional Irish singers including
Sarah Makem have performed the song.[3] There are numerous small variations in different traditional versions, and many performers leave out the fourth stanza of Dwyer Joyce's original version. The song's title was borrowed for
Ken Loach's 2006
film of the same name, which features the song in one scene.[4] The song should not be confused with the
reel of the same name.
Lyrics
The lyrics below are as those printed in the original 1861 version.
The Wind That Shakes the Barley is also a novel by
James Barke about the Scots poet
Robert Burns; it was published in 1946, the first of a quintet of novels on the subject.