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Tetracera sarmentosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Dilleniales
Family: Dilleniaceae
Genus: Tetracera
Species:
T. sarmentosa
Binomial name
Tetracera sarmentosa
( L.) Vahl
Synonyms [1]
  • Delima sarmentosa L.
  • Leontoglossum scabrum Hance
  • Seguieria asiatica Lour.
  • Tetracera asiatica (Lour.) Hoogland
  • Tetracera delima
  • Tetracera levinei Merr.
  • Tetracera monocarpa Blanco

Tetracera sarmentosa is a vine/climber and shrub in the Dilleniaceae family. It is native to parts of Tropical and Temperate Asia, from Peninsular Malaysia to China and Sri Lanka.

Description

A woody vine/climber, evergreen, growing up to 20m in China, [2] it can grow as a shrub in Bangladesh. [3] Scabrous branchlet that are hairy when young but become glabrous later. Leaves leathery, very scabrous, some 4-12 x 2-5 cm in size, at maturity the abaxial surface is glabrous, or only the veins pubescent. The carpels and sepals are glabrous. The 3 petals are white, some 4-5mm long. The orange fruit ( follicle) are around 1 cm, thin and leathery pericarp is slightly bright when dry, and has persistent style. One black seed, with yellow aril, fringed, enclosing the base. Flowers from April to May in China, while in Tripura, India, it flowers from April to June and fruits from July and August. [4]

Distribution

The area of Tetracera sarmentosa's indigenous growth is in Asia, both in tropical and temperate areas. [1] Countries and regions where it occurs are: Peninsular Malaysia; Thailand; Vietnam; China ( Southeast and South-central including Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan); [2] Laos; Myanmar; and Sri Lanka. It is reported from Bangladesh (regions of Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Cox’s Bazar, [3] and Satchari National Park, Habiganj district), [5] from India (Gondacherra & Chawmanu, Dhalai District; Chamtilla, North Tripura District, Tripura), [4] and Biswanath district, Assam), [6] and in Indonesia ( Bengkulu, Sumatera). [7]

Habitat

It is one of the dominant taxa in the secondary tropical evergreen seasonal angiosperm lowland swamp forests of Central Vietnam ( Hải Lăng District, Quảng Trị Province, and in the vicinity of Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province). [8] At those areas it grows on sandy soil 10–50m elevation near the sea shore. In China the species occurs in sparse forests, thickets and on barren hills. [2] In the Satchari National Park of Bangladesh it occurs on forest edges. [5]

Vernacular names

In China, the plant is known as 錫葉藤/锡叶藤 ( Mandarin xi ye teng, Cantonese sehk yihp tàhng) or 許願藤 (Cantonese héui yuhn tàhng). [2] The plant is known as ulu ludi by Tanchangya people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh). [3] Amongst Karbi and Munda peoples of Assam, Tetracera sarmentosa is known as samphat. A name used in English is sandpaper vine [9]

Uses

The plant is one of the foods fed to captive elephants in Sri Lanka. [10] It is reported that Karbi and Munda peoples of Assam use cut stems to obtain water in dense forests where there is no other source. [6] The root extract of Tetracera sarmentosa is used for treatment of rheumatism by the Tanchangya people, Bangladesh. The species has a number of leaf extracts that have potential medical effects, though there is no evidence that the plant is effective against any disease. [3]

History

The species was first described in 1794 by the Danish-Norwegian botanist, herbalist and zoologist Martin Vahl (1749-1804), in his Symbolae Botanicae. [11] [12]

Further reading

Additional information can be found in the following: [1]

  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1–915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Cites as synonym of Tetracera scandens
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1–590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thục vật Việt Nam [Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam] 3: 1–1248. Hà Noi : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1–394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 2: 1–1060. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (1970-1975). Flora of Thailand 2: 1–484. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1–534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

References

  1. ^ a b c "Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d "FOC: Family List: FOC Vol. 12: Dilleniaceae: Tetracera: 2. Tetracera sarmentosa (Linnaeus) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 70. 1794". Flora of China. eFloras.org. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Uddin, Mir Muhammad Nasir; and nine others (2018). "Assessment of the antioxidant, thrombolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fractions of Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl". Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 29 (1): 81–93. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0173. PMID  28981441. S2CID  30097019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b Darlong, Lalawmkima; Bhattacharyya, Debjyoti (26 December 2014). "Diversity and field status of lianas in Tripura, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 6 (14): 6703–6710. doi: 10.11609/JoTT.o3575.6703-10. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  5. ^ a b Arefin, MD. Kamrul; Rahman, MD. Mizanur; Uddin, Mohammad Zashim; Hassan, MD. Abul (2011). "Angiosperm flora of Satchari National Park, Habiganj, Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 18 (2): 117–140. doi: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9298. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  6. ^ a b Borah, Dipankar; four others (2020). "Assessment of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Behali Reserve Forest, Assam, Northeast India". Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 19 (43). doi: 10.32859/era.19.43.1-15.
  7. ^ Wiryono; Mersyah, Rohidin; Tarantona, Mariska (2020). "Flora of Danau Dusun Besar conservation forest in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia". Biodiversitas. 21 (12): 5640–5649. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d211209. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  8. ^ Pham, Van The; Le, Tuan Anh; Averyanov, Leonid V. (2015). "Hoya hanhiae sp. nov. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from central Vietnam". Nordic Journal of Botany. 33: 64–67. doi: 10.1111/njb.00541. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Sandpaper Vine (Tetracera sarmentosa)". iNaturalist. iNaturalist Network. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  10. ^ Jayawardene, Jayantha. "The care and management of domesticated Asian elephants in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Giants On Our Hands. FAO. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  11. ^ "Tetracera sarmentosa Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 3: 70 (1794)". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Symbolae botanicae, sive plantarum". Biodiversity Heritage Library. BHL. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
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