^Lower Lorraine—also referred to as Lothier—disintegrated into several smaller independent territories and only the title of a "Duke of Lothier" remained, held by Brabant.
^The county, later duchy, of Guelders consisted of four quarters, as they were separated by rivers: situated upstream
Upper Quarter (the present day northern half of the Dutch province of
Limburg), spatially separated from the three downstream Lower Quarters:
County of Zutphen (after 1182),
Veluwe Quarter and
Nijmegen Quarter. The three lower quarters emerged from the historic
gauHamaland (named after the
Chamavi tribe), and formed the present day province of
Gelderland. Guelders did not include the
ClevesenclaveHuissen and the independent counties of
Buren and
Culemborg, that were much later seceded to the province of Gelderland.
^Throughout the Middle Ages, the bishopric was further expanded with the
Duchy of Bouillon in 1096 (ceded to France in 1678), the acquisition of the
county of Loon in 1366 and the
county of Horne in 1568. The
Lordship of Mechelen was also part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
^The name Seventeen Provinces came in use after the Habsburg
emperor Charles V had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders, and an continuous territory arose.