Timeline of the Roman–Persian Wars | |
---|---|
Roman–Parthian Wars | |
BC | |
69 | First Roman- Parthian contacts, when Lucullus invades southern Armenia. |
66–65 | Dispute between Pompey and Phraates III over Euphrates boundary. |
53 | Roman defeat at the Battle of Carrhae. |
42–37 | A great Pompeian–Parthian invasion of the Levant and Anatolia is defeated. |
36–33 | Mark Antony's unsuccessful campaign against Parthia. Subsequent campaign in Armenia successful, but followed by withdrawal. Parthians take control of whole region. |
20 | Settlement with the Parthians by Augustus and Tiberius; return of the captured Roman standards. |
AD | |
36 | Defeated by the Romans, Artabanus II renounces his claims to Armenia. |
58–63 | Roman invasion of Armenia; arrangements made with Parthians over its kingship. |
114–117 | Major campaign of Trajan against Parthia. Trajan's conquests later abandoned by Hadrian. |
161–165 | After initial Parthian successes, war over Armenia (161–163) ended by a Roman victory. Avidius Cassius sacks Ctesiphon in 165. |
195–197 | An offensive under the emperor Septimius Severus leads to the Roman acquisition of northern Mesopotamia. |
216–217 | |
Roman–Sasanian Wars | |
230–232 |
Ardashir I raids Mesopotamia and Syria, but is eventually repulsed by
Alexander Severus. |
238–244 | Ardashir's invasion of Mesopotamia and Persian defeat at the Battle of Resaena. Gordian III advances along the Euphrates but is repelled near Ctesiphon at the Battle of Misiche in 244. |
253 | Roman defeat at the Battle of Barbalissos. |
c. 258–260 | Shapur I defeats and captures Valerian at Edessa. |
283 | Carus sacks Ctesiphon. |
296–298 | Roman defeat at Carrhae in 296 or 297. Galerius defeats the Persians in 298. |
363 | After an initial victory outside Ctesiphon, Julian is killed at the Battle of Samarra. |
384 | Shapur III and Theodosius I divide Armenia between them. |
421–422 | Roman retaliation against Bahram's persecution of Christian Persians. |
440 | Yazdegerd II raids Roman Armenia. |
502–506 | Anastasius I refuses to support the Persians financially, triggering the Anastasian War. Ends with a seven-year peace treaty. |
526–532 | Iberian War. Romans victorious at Dara and Satala but defeated at Callinicum. Ends with the treaty of " Perpetual Peace". |
540–561 | Lazic War begins after Persians break the "Eternal Peace" by invading Syria. Ends with the Roman acquisition of Lazica and the signing of a fifty-year peace treaty. |
572–591 |
War for the Caucasus breaks out when Armenians revolt against Sasanian rule. In 589, the Persian general Bahram Chobin raises a rebellion against Hormizd IV. Restoration of Khosrow II, Hormizd's son, by Roman and Persian forces and restoration of Roman rule in northern Mesopotamia ( Dara, Martyropolis) followed by expansion into Iberia and Armenia. |
602 | Khosrow II conquers Mesopotamia after Maurice is assassinated. |
611–623 | Persians gradually conquer Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Rhodes and enter Anatolia. |
626 | Unsuccessful Avar–Persian– Slav siege of Constantinople |
627 | Persian defeat at Nineveh. |
629 | The Persians assassinate Khosrow II and agree to withdraw from all occupied territories. Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. |
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse
, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a
navbox, sidebar, or
table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.
To change this template's initial visibility, the |state=
parameter may be used:
{{Roman–Persian Wars timeline|state=collapsed}}
will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.{{Roman–Persian Wars timeline|state=expanded}}
will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.